BELLWORK
BELLWORK 4/23What is dtente? List three key events within dtente
that lessened the tensions between the US and USSR (successes of
dtente) Why did the USSR & US support dtente? What were the
reasons for improved East-West relations in Europe?What was the
Helsinki Agreement? How did US/USSR respond to this?List three
events that led to the collapse of dtente (failures of dtente)How
did the Cold War change once Reagan was elected in 1980?THINKER:
Review the US intervention in Central America map (pg.159). What is
the common theme of US involvement in the region? Do you think US
involvement contradicts US Cold War goals? The US accused the USSR
of being expansionist and trying to spread their influence..to what
extent were we doing the same thing?
BELLWORK 4/24Who competed for power following Maos death?
Outcome?How did Hua Guofeng rule China? Was he effective?Explain
Dengs economic policies, including the Four Modernizations.Describe
the causes/effects of Tiananmen Square protests.THINKER: The rule
of Deng Xiaoping is one of the main causes of Sino-American dtente.
What about Deng, or his policies, caused the US government to be
more willing to open relations with China? Sino-american relations
Cold War thermometer: From hostility (1949-1970) to dtente
(1970-present)Background of Sino-American RelationsWWII: US aided
GMD against Japan (some aide to CCP)CCW: US aided GMD against
CCPPost-CCW: US recognized ROC as legitimate China & blocked
PRC in UNOther contributing factors to tension: Korea, Japan,
Tibet, nuclear weapons
Sino-American Hostility: 1949-1970The following events
contributed to hostility between China & the US1950sTibet
(1950)Korea (1950-1953)Taiwan (1954 & 1958)1960sVietnam
DecolonizationCultural Revolution
Tibet
The 14th Dalai Lama: The US supported the Tibetan movement, not
because they cared about Tibetan independence, but as part of their
worldwide efforts to destabilize all communist governments
Korea
***Korean War caused a HUGE change in Cold War relationships:US
containment policy expands to Asia US supported Taiwan
(Sino-American hostilities)Stalin made China pay (Sino-Soviet
hostilities)PRC economy weakened, but popularity of Mao
strengthenedKoreaOn the Chinese mainland 600 million people are
ruled by the Chinese Communist Party. That party came to power by
violence, and, so far, has lived by violence. It retains power not
by the will of the Chinese people, but by massive, forcible
repression. It fought the United Nations in Korea; it supported the
Communist War in Indo-China; it took Tibet by force. It does not
disguise its expansionist ambitions. It is bitterly hateful of the
United States, which it considers a principal obstacle in the way
of its path of conquest. As regards China, we have abstained from
any act to encourage the Communist regime morally, politically, or
materially. Thus: we have not extended diplomatic recognition to
the Chinese Communist regime. We have opposed seating in the United
Nations. We have not traded with Communist China or sanctioned
cultural exchanges with it. U.S. State Department Bulletin, 15 July
1953What claims does the U.S. State Department make about Chinese
actions? Taiwan
Taiwan was of vital importance to the PRC:Two Chinas was
unacceptable!!!Any improvement in relations could only be possible
if Taiwan was no longer separate
TaiwanAfter Taiwan, the US now considered China an expansionist
threat, so they pursued the following:Trade embargo with
PRCObstruction of PRC in UNEconomic/military aide to TaiwanAide
program for entire region (Domino Theory)SEATO created as
containment bloc
Sino-American Relations: 1960sThe Sino-American Cold War reached
new heights in the 1960s because of:McCarthyismJFKS policy of
containment & isolation of ChinaUS gov used failures of GLF to
highlight failures of Marxism & the PRCs willingness to
sacrifice millions of its own in pursuit of communism
Vietnam WarBased on this song, what do you think was the opinion
of the Chinese public towards American involvement in Vietnam?Read
the lyrics to this Chinese childrens song:There is an evil
spirit:His name is Johnson.His mouth is all sweetness, But he has a
wolfs heart.He bombs Vietnam citiesAnd hates the people.Chinese and
Vietnamese are one family:We will certainly not agree to this!I
wear a red scarf and join the demonstrations with Daddy.With small
throat but large voice I shout:U.S. pirates get out, get out, get
out!
DecolonizationPRC supported revolutionary/decolonization
movements in developing countries to replace USSR as the world
leader of communismAlso to end Western imperialism: China said US
was the key problem to world peaceUS said they did not seek to
overthrow PRC, but objected to their funding of global
revolutionsUS saw the threat from China as exaggerated..why?Did not
have the resources to make a difference in the developing worldHad
nuclear weapons but no way to deliver them
Cultural RevolutionGLF & CultRev led to collapse in PRCs
ability to conduct foreign policyUS felt it was a clear
demonstration of out-of-control fanaticism of Maoist leadership,
which lacked stabilityPRC feared possible regime change by either
US or USSR
Sino-American Dtente: 1970-1990The following events contributed
to dtente between China & the US1970sVietnamUnited
NationsSoviet Union1980sPost-Mao economic reformsWhy were the 1970s
the right time for dtente?US support vs. Chinese supportChange in
political philosophy of US Admin:Now understood that communist
movements were not as monolithic as they once thoughtNixon
suggested the US would now deal with countries on the basis of
their actions and not on abstract ideology. Once the Soviet Union
could no longer count on permanent hostility between the worlds
most powerful and most populous nations. . . The scope for Soviet
stubbornness would narrow and perhaps even evaporate. Soviet
leaders would have to hedge their bets because a threatening
posture might intensify Sino-American cooperation. In the
conditions of the late 1960s, improved Sino-American relations
became a key to the Nixon Administrations Soviet strategy. (Henry
Kissinger)Henry Kissinger, Nixons Secretary of StatePing Pong
DiplomacySecret talks between Kissinger & Zhou Enlai
(1971)Nixon visits Mao (1972)Established joint agreement to improve
relations
What did each of the powers gain from dtente?
Nixon becomes the first US president to visit China!!!
Zhou asked a British journalist: why shouldnt we negotiate with
President Nixon? In the past we talked with Jiang Jieshi.
Sino-American Rapprochement & its effects on the Cold
WarPRCs influence on the Cold War grew with nuclear status,
Sino-Soviet Split & Sino-American rapprochementNow a tri-polar
conflictOther factors of cooling tensions in 1980s:Maos
deathRemoval of anti-American Gang of FourModernization initiatives
of Deng Xiaoping Modern relations (post-1992)
HOMEWORKRead about China post-MaoComplete the orange note
sheet