BELLWORK 1. Describe the characteristics of the Fertile Crescent. 2. List four advances the Sumerians made with regards to farming and agriculture. 3. Describe the Sumerian religious practices. 4. What is cuneiform? 5. Who was Hammurabi? Why is he important? 6. Who were the Assyrians? Why were they successful? 7. THINKER: In your opinion, what was the greatest achievement of Mesopotamia?
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BELLWORK 1.Describe the characteristics of the Fertile Crescent. 2.List four advances the Sumerians made with regards to farming and agriculture. 3.Describe.
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BELLWORK1. Describe the characteristics of the Fertile Crescent.
2. List four advances the Sumerians made with regards to farming and agriculture.
3. Describe the Sumerian religious practices.
4. What is cuneiform?
5. Who was Hammurabi? Why is he important?
6. Who were the Assyrians? Why were they successful?
7. THINKER: In your opinion, what was the greatest achievement of Mesopotamia?
Hammurabi’s Code• As you know, Hammurabi’s Code was very
harsh, but it became one of the earliest attempts at law.
• You are now going to read over 25 laws within Hammurabi’s Code.
• You must pick 10 and translate them into modern language.
• We will do the first one as an example.
Indus River Valley Civilization• South Asian Civilization arose
in 2500B.C.• Mountain ranges: Hindu Kush
& Himalayas• Rivers: Indus & Ganges• Two major cities: Harappa &
Mohenjo-Daro• Two major groups: Harappan &
Aryan
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa
Harappan Civilization• Urban centers were well planned
• Production of clay pots, bronze, jewelry, and cotton cloth
• Traded with people of Mesopotamia
• Indus Civilization collapsed by 1500 B.C.– Severe climate changes (heat & flooding)– Natural disasters (earthquake)– Violence (wars with invading nations)
The Aryans (1500-600 BC)• People from the North; settled where Harappa
used to be• Warriors – took over the area• Brought the Sanskrit language, their gods, and
domesticated horses. • Rise of Hinduism• Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, lived here and
started the faith of Buddhism
The Caste System• The Aryans developed a social system consisting of four main
social classes or varnas.• Each varna had it’s own duties. 1. Brahman2. Kshatriyas3. Vaishyas4. Shudras5. Chandalas (Untouchables) • Based on their religious beliefs, if one had good karma, they
could be reincarnated into a higher caste. (does not apply to untouchables)
• Only men could go to school & teach• Women had no rights
•Create your own caste system diagram in
your notes!!!
Reading: The Harappan Disintegration• How and why did the Harappan civilization end?• For homework tonight, you will read about the Harappan
Disintegration and write an analysis on possible theories of disappearance.
• What is a theory? Why is evidence important to back up a theory?
• Part 1: Explain three theories for the disappearance of the Harappans with evidence to prove/disprove (can be a list)
• Part 2: Your own opinion as to why the Harappan civilization ended with justification to back up your points.
BELLWORK• Today, we will learn about ancient Chinese civilizations. During this time, two
major philosophies emerged that influenced life & culture – Confucianism & Daoism. To learn about these two belief systems, read “Chinese Philosophies” on pgs. 50-51 and answer the following:
1. Who was Confucius? What was his principal concern?2. Under Confucianism, how should individuals live?3. Under Confucianism, how should the government rule?4. How is Daoism different than Confucianism?5. What is the primary belief of Daoism?6. Explain the concept of yin and yang.7. THINKER: What is a hierarchy? In your opinion, is there a
social hierarchy in today’s society? Explain!
Chinese Civilizations• Formed along the
Huang River Valley.• Did not have contact
with outside civilizations
• Ancient China was ruled by dynasties
Chinese Civilizations• Ancient China was ruled by two dynasties: