BELLWORK 1. In 3-5 sentences, explain the Brazilian Revolution. 2. How are the revolutions in Latin America different than the U.S. Revolution? 3. What.

BELLWORK1. In 3-5 sentences, explain the Brazilian Revolution.2. How are the revolutions in Latin America different than

the U.S. Revolution?3. What is an absolute monarch?4. Who was Louis XIV? List three ways he abused his

power (pg. 267)5. THINKER: The French Revolution starts when

peasants stand up and revolt. What are some positive and negative effects of standing up against your government?

Causes of the French Revolution

Pages 336-339

Long-Term Factors: The Enlightenment: Encouraged freedom and social

justice The American Revolution: An example of liberty and

freedom Social Problems: The Estates System Political Conflict: Unfair absolute monarchy Economic Weakness: Expensive wars, Lavish spending

by kings

Vocabulary In your notes, define the following words:

Estate Tithe Bourgeoisie Coup d'état

French Society: The Old Order Before 1789, France’s

class system was made of ESTATES (orders of society) and all French people belonged to 1 of 3 estates

The estates determined a person’s legal rights and status

The First Estate Made up of clergy About 1% of the

population Controlled 5 – 10% of

land in France Enjoyed many privileges Did not have to pay taxes

The Second Estate Made up of the nobility About 2% of the population Owned 25% of land in France Held high positions in the

government and military Owned large estates and paid

no taxes Incomes came mostly from

peasants living and working on their land

The Third Estate Made up of Middle Class (bourgeoisie), peasants, and artisans

About 97% of population Middle Class (doctors, lawyers,

merchants) were educated and wealthy, but had no prestige or privileges

Looked to Enlightenment philosophers that spoke about freedom and social justice

Peasants owned 40% of land in France, but were forced to pay over half of their income to king, clergy and nobles

Members of this estate had no voice in government

Call For Change: In 1774, King Louis XVI and

wife Marie Antoinette came to power

The king was faced with severe debt and wanted to tax the First and Second Estates

The two estates refused to pay the taxes

The king was forced to call the Estates-General in 1789

The Estates-General The Estates-General was made

up of delegates from each estate and each estate was given I vote

With this type of voting, the clergy and nobility would vote together and always overrule the Third Estate

The Third Estate felt the vote should be based on the number of people in the estate, thus giving them the majority vote

The Tennis Court Oath Fearing a revolt, the king locked

the Third Estate out of their meeting place in the Estates-General

The Third Estate then declared themselves the National Assembly and began meeting in an indoor tennis court

Here, they took an oath called the Tennis Court Oath—refusing to disband until they had a written constitution for France

The Storming of the Bastille The Bastille (a Paris prison)

symbolized injustices of the monarchy

July 14, 1789 a mob surrounded the Bastille in an attempt to steal weapons needed to defend the National Assembly

The soldiers killed 98 rioters and the rioters released 7 prisoners

The Storming of the Bastille This outbreak led to the

formation of a Revolutionary Government in Paris

The Storming of the Bastille led to a wave of violence in France

This event is considered the beginning of the French Revolution

STOP HERE!!!

CLOSURE Describe the Estate System in France. Why did Louis XVI call the Estates-General?

How did the third estate feel about this? What was the Tennis Court Oath? Why did a mob storm the Bastille? What was

the outcome?

Discussion Why did people dislike Louis XVI? Why did people dislike Marie Antoinette?

BELLWORK – pd. 21. Why did the Third Estate dislike the French government?

2. What was the Estates-General? How did they make decisions?

3. How did Louis XVI propose to get France out of debt? Was it successful?

4. Why did Louis XVI lock the Third Estate out of the Estates-General?

5. How did the Third Estate respond to being locked out of the Estates-General?

6. THINKER: If the First and Second Estate were so wealthy, why couldn’t they just pay taxes too? Why was it such a big problem to tax the First and Second Estates?

Marie Antoinette Born in 1755 to the Emperor and Empress of Austria. After the Seven Years’ War, France needed to cement their

alliance with Austria, so Louis decided to take an Austrian wife. When Marie Antoinette was 12, her entire family contracted

small pox. The disease killed her brother and two sisters – who was going

to marry Louis? Two years later, Louis paid 200,000 crowns ($11,000) for

Marie’s hand in marriage. Immediately, French citizens did not support the marriage

because there remained high tensions between Austria and France.

Marie at age 13; this portrait was sent to Louis to see if he approved

Marie Antoinette

Marie and Louis had four children together: Marie-Therese Charlotte and Dauphin Louis Joseph.

After Louis’ birth, fighting between Austria and France broke out

This controversial portrait was considered “improper” for a queen

Marie Antoinette’s declining popularity Louis refused to allow his wife to participate in politics Austrian family was disappointed First son (Louis) was very ill, but Marie had a second son France was in a huge economic downturn; could not finance

war French citizens felt she sided with Austria Parliament was dissolved Spent a lot of money on diamonds, clothing, palaces, and art. Famous for the saying “Let them eat cake!”

Marie Antoinette During the French Revolution, Louis and Marie were blamed for

the majority of the country’s problems. A mob broke into their palace Marie became a widow in January 1793 when her husband was

executed By this time, Marie’s health was deteriorating – she had

tuberculosis and cancer. Marie was tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal and found guilty

of treason. She was executed in October 1793, at the age of 37.

Homework Two of the main causes of the French Revolution were the

estates system, and lavish spending by the monarchy. To review over these causes, you are going to complete a

worksheet. One side focuses on the characteristics of the estate

system The other side is a profile of Marie Antoinette