Bellringer—Monday Name the (8) parts of speech

Bellringer—Monday

1.Name the (8) parts of speech

2.What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?

3.Give an example of a common error you or your friends make that is considered plagiarism.

Bellringer—Monday

1.Name the (8) parts of speech2.What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?3.Give an example of a common error you or your friends make that is considered plagiarism.

Nouns

Nouns describe a •Person•Place•Thing•Idea (abstract)

Ex. Edgar Allen Poe kingdomJealousy tomb

Pronouns

• Words that take the place of nouns so that writing isn’t unnecessarily repetitive.

Articles

• A, an, and the

That’s it!!!

AdjectivesAdjectives describe nouns by answering, “what kind, which one, how many, or how much?”

Cursed kingdomBeautiful Annabel Lee

•How do we turn nouns into adjectives? (see video)

Example?

green love

Plagiarism

• A writer duplicates another writer’s language or ideas and then calls the work his or her own.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnTPv9PtOoo

Credible Source

• A credible source is one that is considered reliable for use in research.

• Watch the video and look for 5 characteristics of a credible source! (add to your notes!)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehDQB0

Credible Source

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehDQB0&feature=related

Primary vs. Secondary Sources

Primary-Example: letters and journals of Christopher

Columbus

Secondary-A biography, written years later, where the

explorer’s actions are explained and told why his/her discoveries were important.

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES

Sort the following text types into Primary or Secondary

Diary telegram photo biography autobiography song encyclopedias speeches

Letters journals original documents newspaper articles magazine articles textbooks Primary Secondary

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES

How did you do???

Diary telegram photo biography autobiography song encyclopedias speeches

Letters journals original documents newspaper articles magazine articles textbooks

Primary Secondary

Diary telegram photoAutobiography songs/recordingsSpeech letter journalOriginal document Notes

BiographyEncyclopediaNewspaper Magazine articleTextbooks

CREDIBLE SOURCES

Credible sources and civil rights- You Tube

Bibliography and MLA• A bibliography is…

– a list of sources provided at the conclusion of a research project, so that a reader may locate your sources for future study.

• The Modern Language Association (MLA)…– sets expectations and rules for citing sources so that

we all site sources the same way.

WHY MUST YOU DO A BIBLIOGRAPHY?

• 1. To acknowledge/give credit to sources for any summarized or paraphrased material

• 2. To show that you are respectfully borrowing other people’s ideas, not stealing them

• 3. To offer additional information to your readers who may wish to further pursue your topic

• 4. To give readers an opportunity to check out your sources for accuracy

• 5. Bibliographies are REQUIRED for ALL academic papers

WHAT MUST BE INCLUDED IN A BIBLIOGRAPHY?

• AUTHOR• TITLE• PLACE OF PUBLICATION• PUBLISHER• DATE OF PUBLICATION• PAGE NUMBER(S) (For articles from magazines,

journals, periodicals, newspapers, encyclopedias, or in anthologies).

Bibliography and MLA

Website1.Title of Page: Children’s Alliance: Child Obesity2.Title of Website: Children’s Alliance3.Date of access: use today’s date4.URL (Web address): http://www.childrensalliance.org/childfacts/childhood-obesity.cfm

Bibliography and MLA

Magazine Article1.Author: Carmen Wong Ulrich2.Article Title: Stop Stressing Over Money-Now!3.Magazine Title: Health4.Date: April 20065.Pages: 126-128

Bibliography and MLA

Book 1.Author: Edward Cornish 2.Title: Futuring: The Exploration of the Future 3.City of Publication: Bethesda, Maryland 4.Publisher: World Future Society 5.Date: 2004

Primary vs. Secondary Source

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV7aZiJABag&feature=related

•

GRAMMAR • Nouns:http://www.schooltube.com/video/

21001073474c19344891/• Pronouns:http://www.schooltube.com/video/

cf3e7fff3db76def26a8/• Adjectives:http://www.schooltube.com/video/

964198d6a8d99911f4dc/• Articles

Verbs— http://www.schooltube.com/video/e388bbec8911133a9e35/school%20house%20rock%20verb•A word that expresses action or a state of being

•Action• ran, played, talking, jump, etc.

•State of Being • am, is, are, was, were, will, can, etc.

• Remember verb tenses? • -s, -ed, -ing

Adverbs—http://www.schooltube.com/video/054c4aca89b412d90612/

•Tells…• where—(then, now, etc.) • when—(yesterday, today, etc.)) • how—(successfully, cheerfully, easily, etc.) • how often—(always, never, daily, etc.)) • how long—(briefly, etc.) • to what extent—(very, especially, etc.) • how much—(often, etc.)

• Hint: Many end in –ly (quickly, daily, etc.)

Interjections—http://www.schooltube.com/video/5eb2d59975159f0343b7/School%20House%20Rock%20-%20Interjections

•A word that expresses emotion

•Interjections are usually.. • followed by an exclamation point—Yikes! • set off by a comma—Well,…• set off by two commas—I’d guess, oh, two

pounds.

Conjunctions—http://www.schooltube.com/video/9d37200dbcb55fe20cfc/School%20House%20Rock%20-%20Conjunction%20Junction%20(Grammar%20Rock)

•A word that joins words or word groups

•Two types:• Coordinating (, conjunction)—FANBOYS

• Ex: My dog is afraid, so he is hiding under the bed.

• Correlative/Subordinate—Glue words• Ex: Since we played outside, we were tired.• Ex: We were tired because we played

outside.

Prepositions—http://www.schooltube.com/video/2163c5107660f0348ed2/Grammar%20Rock%20Preposition

•A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word

• Hint: anywhere a mouse can go! (above, through, over, past, into, in, inside, etc.)

• Other examples—according to, from, out of, throughout, without

Example:The waves crashed…under, on, against, in

front of the rocks.

Begin Begin sentence types sentence types and and sentence errorssentence errors!!

Practice quiz—class set Practice quiz—class set

Sentence FragmentStarting with pg. 4

Missing a:Subject ORVerb ORNot a complete thought

Fused Run-on sentence:

(2) complete sentences without any punctuation

Add a semicolonAdd a , conjunction Add a period

Comma Splice Run-on sentence:

Inserting a comma between (2) complete sentences---WRONG!

Simple Sentence:Starting on pg. 3

one independent clause no subordinate clauses

Compound Sentence:

two or more independent clauses no subordinate clauses

Complex Sentence:

one independent clause at least one subordinate clause.

Compound-Complex Sentence:

two or more independent clauses at least one subordinate clause.

Propaganda techniques

Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

Whose voice guides your choice?

What is Propoganda?

Propaganda is the use of facts, ideas, or claims to persuade people to support a particular opinion.

The trick: author’s only provide facts and opinions that support their view.

Propaganda is … … form of communication … aimed at swaying or influencing your attitude

Experts vs.Big Names

Example: Former U.S. president Bill Clinton thinks that junk food should be taken out of vending machines.

Experts? Professionals with specialized knowledgeBig Names? Famous,

Big name or expert?

Quoting Experts

• Experts are professionals who work and or study a specific topic or area of knowledge.

• Often includes physicians, lawyers, professors, researchers and analysts.

Big Names

• Insert celebrity Ad

Statistics

Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.

Factual information told in numbers or some measurable way.

Emotional Appeal/Loaded Words

The use of words that evoke strong emotional responses.

Compassionate moms who love their babies choose B diapers. Gentle fibers nurture a baby’s skin.

Emotional Appeal/Loaded

language

Example: Your generous donation might just get this puppy off the street and into a safe home.

Specific words or images intended to connect a reader’s emotional response to a persuasion topic. (sad puppy= adoption ads)

Emotional words example: luxury, beautiful, paradise, economical

Used to evoke positive feelings

Happiness

Low price

Fun

Flag (patriotism)

Glittering Generalities

• Similar to emotional appeal, language that works hard to play on your emotions, but isn’t always logical.

“Pure, fresh, mountain spring water. Bottled especially for you in Utah from only our purest mountain springs.”

What seems a bit “illogical” to you?

Glittering Generality example: Gatorade: "Life is a sport, drink it up!“

That sounds good, but what does it mean??

RepetitionA repeated phrase used to create a desired effect---sometimes with the help of sound devices such as alliteration or assonance.

“You'll never put a better bit of butter on your knife."

~ Country Life Butter slogan

Research

Example: According to Dr. Spock, a representative from ABC Medical Center, a recent study found that students who watch TV during the week don’t do as well in school.

The use of scientific “study” to form facts and gather info

BandwagonStrategy that insists that “everybody’s doing it”—that the audience should join the “majority”

8 out of ten college athletes depend on Z sports drink to quench their thirst during the game.

Testimonial

Example: It’s easy. It’s fast. It feels good! And now, thanks to my purchase, I can shake it up at home where it’s convenient,”

Relies on the “story” or “experience” of an individual with whom the audience can identify.

What is Bias?

• Bias is an unfair prejudice about someone or something.

• It doesn’t allow for exceptions.

• It usually shows extreme favor or disfavor for a product, group, etc.

Examples of Bias• Individuals that wear all black?

• Others based on appearance? (What types of judgments do we place on certain styles of dress and appearance?)

• Bias based on ethnicity? (What things do we pretend to know about certain races or cultural groups?)

• Gender? (What do or can all girls do? Boys? How do boys act? Girls?)

• Geographic locations (like Kentuckians)

Relevant vs. IrrelevantRelevantRelevant““logical” argument logical” argument Info that is practical and supports a claim Info that is practical and supports a claim wellwell

IrrelevantIrrelevantOff topicOff topicHas claims that are unrelated Has claims that are unrelated

Let’s practice Persuasive terms on Let’s practice Persuasive terms on

the back of the practice quiz handout! the back of the practice quiz handout!

Claim/Thesis

Example: I am going to try to convince you that chocolate is a healthy snack.

Statement of your argument.

Thesis Statement Format

Opposing side, my opinion because three reasons.

Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.

Example of a thesisthesis statement:

A.Topic: nuclear powerB.Opposing View: Nuclear power is a popular in some places.C.Opinion: Nuclear power is a not an reliable power source .D.3 Reasons 1.It is potentially dangerous2. It is more expensive than other alternatives.3. It causes water, land and air pollution.Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.

Now…write this example and label it!

Opposing side, my opinion because three reasons.

Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.

Thesis statement = A+B+C + DAlthough it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.

Thesis---Let’s Try this…A. Topic : Keep Study Hall or Get Rid ofB. Opposing Opinion:C. My opinion:D. Three Reasons

---

Main ideaMain ideaMain idea of the Main idea of the entireentire passage passageTopic sentences:Topic sentences:States the topic of each paragraphStates the topic of each paragraphPoints 1 2 and 3 from thesis statement Points 1 2 and 3 from thesis statement Supporting Details:Supporting Details:Stay on topic and support your thesis Stay on topic and support your thesis statement/topic sentencesstatement/topic sentences

Main Idea? Detail? Not Supporting Detail?

1. ______A study at one prison show that owning a pet can change a hardened prison inmate into a more caring person.

2. ______Another study discovered that senior citizens, both those living alone and those in nursing homes, became more interested in life when they were given pets to care for.

3. ______These animals are certainly helpful to mental illness, but require a lot of care, money, and maintenance.

4. ______ Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy t o hold.

5. ______ Animals, then, can be a means of therapy for many kinds of individuals.

Transitions - SORT THESE!

First, similarly, on the other hand, therefore, consequently, finally, eventually, likewise, however, even though, although, Later, as a result,

Sequence Compare Contrast Cause and Effect

Formal vs. Informal?• See video

• Letter editing activity (handout—class set)

Redundant• Repetitive (repeating yourself over and over!)

Reading Strategies & Informational Text—starting with page 1 Inference is an educated guess. Every good inference needs evidence from the text to support it.

Objective Summary: For a story, you should retell the plot elements. For Nonfiction, retell the main idea plus some major details.

Informational ReadingMAIN IDEA- Central idea of the entire passage—

every paragraph has to support the main idea

STATED- Main idea is written directly in the article. It is usually the first sentence but can be anywhere in the paragraph. (Same as topic sentence)

IMPLIED- Main idea is found by reading each

sentence and deciding what major idea the author is trying to teach you using these sentences.

Summary vs. ParaphraseSummarize- Use the basic idea of a source,

but make the summarized idea shorter and in your own words.

Paraphrasing- Use the basic idea, but change the language and the order of the words. The idea and length do not change.

What activities make these concepts important? (Think back to what we’ve written this year)

Author’s PurposePersuade—advertisement, editorial,

speech

Inform—encyclopedia, textbook, documentary

Entertain—movie, comic books, fiction stories, poetry

Text Structures: Sequence/Chronological Order—steps Ex. Recipes,

directions, timelines first, lastly, Compare/Contrast—finds similarities and

differences between (2) things on the other hand, however

Ex: “Flipped,” Poetry O.R.Q. Problem/solution—states a problem and offers a

solutionCause/effect—gives the causes of an issue and its

effectsProcess/Procedure--how to do something

Verb Tense Describes when an action or state of being

took place.

Parallel Structures:Keep the sentence the same tense when

listingMaintain the same structure in sentences!

Stacy enjoys the park, riding horses, and does painting. Why is the example wrong?

Write a sentence in present tense Write a sentence in past tense Write a sentence in future tense

WARNING- Effort today may lead to a successful final examPart 1- 44. Dashes33. Sentence types 45. Quotation Marks34. Sentence Errors 46. STOP35. Redundancy36. Transitions41. CommasA, B, C, D, and E42. Colons43. Semi-colons

If a term or item has an explanation next to it, note it PLUS at least one example exercise! Take this practice seriously, and tomorrow, you’ll be glad you did!