1 Sep 2610:30 AM Bellringer: What materials are ejected from volcanoes? Quote of the Day: "Science is not belief, but the will to find out." ~Anonymous
1Sep 2610:30 AM
Bellringer: What materials are ejected from volcanoes?
Quote of the Day: "Science is not belief, but the will to find out." ~Anonymous
2May 139:20 PM
Copy Directly into your notebook...
1. Pyro Latin and Greek for "fire" or "heat"2. Clastic means "made from fragments of preexisting rocks"
Hence, pyroclastic materials are hot fragments of preexisting rocks that are blown from the vent of a volcano
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VII. VolcanismA. Volcanic Eruptions1. Three factors in eruption strength Magma Composition Magma Temperature Dissolved gasses
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a. The composition determines the viscosity of the magma. Viscosity is another word for
thickness. Thicker magma gives more
explosive eruptionsb. Gases dissolved gases in magma can add extra energy to an eruption.
These are mostly water vapor and carbon dioxide.
Think about a bottle of fresh soda vs. a bottle of flat soda.
What a good Test Question
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B. Types of Volcanoes
1. Shield Volcanoes are formed by relatively gentle eruptions where the lava flows over a large area.
Resemble a warriors shield Examples are Hawaiian Islands and Iceland
Big and flat
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2. Cinder Cone Volcanoes are created by a single eruption. After the eruption the volcano never erupts again. a. because of their short life span
these volcanoes are relatively small.
Key Po
int
Steepest type of volcano Usually between 3040 degree slopes
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3. Composite Cones are formed from alternating layers of ash and lava. These have the most
destructive eruptions
Mt. Parinacota in Chile
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Activity• Complete volcano worksheet
Name: _____________ Period:_____________Use your book starting on page 280 ﴾Chapter 10 Section 1﴿Factors Affecting Eruptions1. What are three factors that determine how violently or quietly a volcano erupts?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Circle the letter of the term that describes lava’s resistance to flow.a. temperature b. eruption c. viscosity d. basaltic
Volcanic Material3. Is the following sentence true or false? One thing all volcanic eruptions have in common is that they emit the same amounts of gas. ______________________
4. When ___________________ volcanoes erupt they erupt once and only once..
5. ____________________ volcanoes are made of alternating layers of ash and lava and are very tall.
6. These volcanoes have very gentle eruptions and form a very large flattened slope. .a. cinder cone b. shield volcano c. stratovolcano d. composite cone
7. Is the following sentence true or false? Cinder cones are the most potentially dangerous volcanoes because they generate the most explosive eruptions.____________________
Other Volcanic LandformsMatch each description with its volcanic landform or feature.Description Volcanic Landform or Featurea. Crater b.lava pipe c. Magma chamber d. vent
__________8. conduit that feeds magma to a volcano’s surface
__________9. Area where magma collects before entering a volcano
__________10. Cracks in a volcano where gas and lava escape
__________11. depression formed at the top of a volcano.
12. Sketch a volcano and label the parts. Explain in words the difference in shape between a shield and composite volcano..
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C. Volcanic Structures
1. Active Volcanoes are volcanoes that are still being fed magma and have the potential to erupt.
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2. Structure of an active volcanoSketch and label this diagram in your notes
Crater: the depression at the top of a volcano
Vent: Location where magma escapes from the volcano.
Lava Pipe: Connects the vent to the Magma Chamber
Magma Chamber: the source of magma for a volcano
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3. Dormant Volcanoes no longer have a source of magma and do not have a risk of erupting.
a. Dormant volcanoes eventually weather and erode and expose the igneous rocks
formed by the magma. These rocks are called Plutons.
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Lava Necks: The remains of the lava pipe of an ancient volcano.
Lava pipes in the Arizona Desert
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Batholith: When the main magma chamber stops receiving heat from the earth's interior it becomes a solid igneous rock.
Laccoliths: Form when magma fills chambers near the surface, but to the side of a volcano.
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Activity 2
• On your volcano sketch…• Label the parts that will become Lava Necks and Batholiths.
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4. Calderas form when a magma chamber becomes partly empty and the volcano collapses into the chamber.
a. these depressions typically fill with water and form large round lakes.
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Activity 3
• Answer the following:
Page 288 14 Use the chart on page 281 to answer #6
Complete Sentences