Bell Ringer #1 • When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
Dec 17, 2015
Bell Ringer #1
• When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
Chapter 19 Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution• Industrial Revolution– Starts in Great Britain,
1780s• Five Reasons-– Farming– Population– Capital– Resources– Colonies
Contributing Factors• Better farming practices– More food (potatoes) – Money for manufactured goods
• Population growth– Large labor force
• Ready supply of capital– Capital- $ to invest in machines &
factories– Entrepreneurs- person interested
in finding new business opportunities
Contributing Factors4. Natural resources– Rivers- Water Power &
Transportation– Coal & iron ore-
Manufacturing
5. Huge colonial empire– Markets- places to sell
goods
18th – 19th c. Changes in Cotton• Cottage industry- spinning
and weaving in own home– New inventions brought
workers to factories; flying shuttle
• 1782- James Watt improved the steam engine so it could drive machinery
• Import of Cotton– 1760- 2.5 mil lbs– 1787- 22 mil lbs– 1840- 366 mil lbs
18th – 19th c. Coal and Iron • Steam engine ran on coal– ↑ (increased) coal
production
• Puddling- process of burning away impurities in crude iron– Better quality of iron
• Iron production– 1740- 17,000 tons – 1780- 70,000 tons– 1852- 3 mil tons
19th c. Railroads• 1804- 1st steam-powered
engine• 1830- The Rocket- first public
train– Liverpool to Manchester
• Railroad Track-– 1840- 2,000 miles– 1850- 6,000 miles
• New jobs, cheap transportation
19th c. Factories• New labor system– Shift work
• Behavioral expectations– On time– Fired for being drunk– Child workers beaten
The Spread of Industrialization• Mid 19th century• Britain was the 1st and richest
industrial nationEurope• Belgium, France, and
Germany• Government paid for
infrastructure to support industrialization
Spread of IndustrializationUnited States• Farmers produced more
crops due to mechanization of tools
• Increase in population due to immigration
• Transportation– Railroads– Steamboat (1807)
• Factory workers = women and girls
The Clermont1st Steamboat
Social Impact in Europe• Industrialization drastically changed
the social life of Europe• Growth of cities• Emergence of two new social
classes– Industrial Middle Class– Industrial Working Class
Growth of Population and Cities• European Population– 1750- 140 mil– 1850-266 mil– More food supply
• European Cities– Home to industries– 50% of G.B. population lived in
cities (1850)– Terrible living conditions
The Industrial Middle Class
• Industrial Capitalism- economic system based on industrial production – Produced the industrial
middle class– Built factories, bought
machines, understood markets
– Bosses and owners of factories
The Industrial Working Class• Terrible working conditions• 12-16 hr work days• 6 days a week• No employment security• No minimum wage• Women and Children– 2/3rd of laborers– Factory Act of 1833
• Minimum age of 9
Bell Ringer #2
• What did Thomas Alva Edison invent?
• What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
Use Chapter 20 Section 1!
Chapter 20 Sections 1 and 2
The Growth of Industrial Prosperity&
The Emergence of Mass Society
2nd Industrial Revolution• Steel-– Bessemer Process- technique
used to turn iron into steel• Mass production of steel
• Electricity-– Thomas Edison- perfected the
incandescent light bulb• Established power plants to
generate electricity
2nd Industrial Revolution• Steel-– Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie Steel
Company• Created a monopoly (no competition)
on steel in the US
• Vertical Integration- owning supply, manufacturing, and distribution companies
• Horizontal Integration- buying competing companies
• Social Darwinism- strongest businesses survive
2nd Industrial Revolution• Electricity-– Made industry grow
• Shift work (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
– Led to the invention of appliances• Toaster, washer, razor
– Made travel cheaper• Street cars, subways
– Alexander G. Bell- invented the telephone
– Transcontinental Railroad- connected eastern US to western US
Changes in Travel• Street Cars
– San Francisco– 1873
• Bridges– Brooklyn Bridge– 1883
• Subways– New York City– 1897
• Airplane– Orville and Wilbur Wright– 1st flight at Kitty Hawk, NC– 1903, 120 ft, 12 sec.
Education and Women• State funded schools– Increase in literacy
• Women’s Rights Movement– Suffrage (right to vote)– Feminism- movement for
women’s rights– More job opportunities
• Clerks, secretaries
– Fewer children
Spread of Mass Culture• American Leisure– Amusement parks
• Roller coaster and Ferris wheel
– Bicycling, tennis– Theater– Boxing, baseball– Snack foods- Hershey
Bar and Coca Cola
Trade (Labor) Unions• Trade (Labor) Unions-– Organized workers in the same
type of industry• Steel, coal, textile
– Worked together to improve conditions of laborers• Safety, hours, pay
– Strike- form of protest to promote union goals• Employees did not work unless the
employers met their demands
Bell Ringer #3
• What is Imperialism?
Use Chapter 21 Section 1!
Imperialism
Not In Textbook
Old Imperialism vs. New Imperialism
Old Imperialism New Imperialism• Occurred between 16th and
18th centuries• European powers built a
series of trading stations• Cooperated with local rulers
in Africa, India, China, Japan, and Indonesia
• Traded for goods and slaves
• EXTENSTION OF A NATION’S POWER OVER OTHER LANDS
• Now European Countries wanted DIRECT control over their territories
Motivations for Imperialism
• Economics– Control trading markets and raw materials– Rubber, oil, and tin
Motivations for Imperialism
• Create Colonies– Dominate Rivals– Gain trading advantage– National prestige
Motivations for Imperialism
• Social Darwinism– In the struggle between nations, the fit (most
powerful( are victorious– Europeans were believe to be superior to other races• Racist ideologies
Motivations for Imperialism
• Moral Responsibility– “Civilize” the primitive people– White Man’s Burden
The White Man’s Burden
• Poem by Rudyard Kipling• Written to urge the U.S. to help the British
with the “burden” of colonization• The ruling of other nations for their benefit
The Brown Man’s Burden
• Poem by H.T. Johnson• Written in response to Kipling’s poem• Compared the treatment of the people in the
Philippines to that of African Americans.
Bell Ringer #4
• What is a protectorate?
• Define annex.
Use Chapter 21 Sections 1 and 2!
Colonial Rule in Southeast AsiaAnd
Empire Building in Africa
Chapter 21 Sections 1 and 2
Great Britain in Southeast Asia• 1819- Singapore– Malay Peninsula– Trade route
• Mid-1800s- Burma– Modern Myanmar– Protect possessions in
India and land route to China
France in Southeast Asia• 1857- Vietnam– Protectorate- a
political unit that depends on another government for its protection
– Prevent British takeover of Vietnam
• 1880s- Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Laos
United States in Southeast Asia• 1898- Philippines– Gained after the
Spanish American War– Trade with China– Prevent Japanese
expansion– “Civilize” Filipinos
Indirect and Direct Rule• Indirect Rule- Colonial
government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status– Gain access to natural
resources– Lower cost in government– Less effect on local culture
Indirect and Direct Rule• Direct Rule- Colonial
government in which local elites are removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the mother country– Prevented rebellion– Great Britain Burma– France Northern
Indochina
West Africa• 1808-– Slave trade declared illegal
• Before 1880- – No European Control
• After 1880- – 6 European nations
• 1874-– Britain annexed (took
control of) the west coast– Gold Coast
North Africa• 1854-69-– France built the Suez Canal – “Life line to India”
• 1875-– British took over the Suez
Canal, Egypt, and Sudan
• 1879-– French controlled Algeria,
Tunisia, and Morocco
Central Africa• Tropical Jungles• 1841-– David Livingstone
(explorer) wanted Britain to send settlers to Congo (No)
– Later asked Belgium (King Leopold II)
• 1876-– Settlers came from
Belgium
East Africa• 1885-– Great Britain and Germany– Berlin Conference- staked
out claims for European countries• Britain and Germany got
most of East Africa• No AFRICAN delegates were
present
South Africa• 1865-
– 200,000 white people– Indigenous (native)
people were put on reservations
– Zulu (African tribe) waged constant war with Europeans
• Later completely controlled by Britain– Diamond and gold mines
Colonial Rule in Africa• 1914-– GB, France, Germany,
Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal divided up Africa
– Only independent African nations were Liberia and Ethiopia
• Britain used indirect rule– Led to tribal tensions
• Others used direct rule– Assimilate African subjects
into European culture
Bell Ringer #5
• Which European nation had a monopoly on the colonization of India?
Use Chapter 21 Section 3!
British Rule in India
Chapter 21 Section 3
Colonial Rule in India• British government used
direct rule in India– Viceroy- a governor who
ruled as a representative of a monarch
– Staff of 3,500 ruled over 300 million people
Benefits for India• Brought order and stability
– India had previously been divided by civil war
• Honest and efficient government• New school system
– Train Indian children to serve in the government and army
– Elite, upper-class citizens– 90% of population was illiterate
• Improved infrastructure– Railroads, telegraph, postal service
Negative Impact for India• British entrepreneurs and a few
Indian businessmen gained wealth
• British manufacturing destroyed local industries– Textile
• Corrupt tax collectors • Peasants lost most of their land• More cotton/indigo production
than food– Shortage of food – 1800-1900 30 mil. died from
starvation
Negative Impact for India• Indians were seen as inferior
to Britons– Best housing was reserved for
British citizens
• British disrespected India’s cultural heritage– Taj Mahal (sacred tomb)
became a venue for weddings and parties
– Pieces were chipped off as souvenirs
• Led to an Indian nationalism movement
Indian Nationalist Movement• Upper-class, well educated,
and from urban areas– Mumbai (Bombay)
• Slow pace of reform led to revolution– Indian National Congress-
1885, called for Indians to participate in the government
– Split due to differences between the Hindu and Muslim members
Indian Nationalist Movement• Gandhi- Indian Hindu– Educated in London– Lawyer– 1893- Helped Indians living in
South Africa– 1915- Returned to India and
called for independence from GB
– Non-violent resistance– Improve the life of the poor– Led to Indian independence
Bell Ringer #6
• What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
Use Chapter 21 Section 4!
Nation Building in Latin America &United States Expansion and
Imperialism
Chapter 21 Section 4 & Not In Textbook
Continental United States• By 1853, the US
controlled all of the modern continental US
• 1867- Alaska• 1898- Hawaii• Soon aimed to control
other territories
Motivations for Imperialism1. Desire for Military Strength• Land = Money = Power• Build up the US Navy– Steel-hulled cruisers– Industrial Revolution fueled
growth in military
Motivations for Imperialism2. Thirst for New Markets• Industrial Revolution
fueled US production– Made too many goods
Americans couldn’t buy it all (overproduction)
• Needed more raw materials– Lumber, tin, coal, gold
• Created jobs– Trade, mining, etc
Motivations for Imperialism3. Belief in Cultural Superiority• Social Darwinism• Spread Christianity• Took land from Native
Americans– Not considered US citizens
• “White Man’s Burden”
Monroe Doctrine• 1823• President James Monroe• Monroe Doctrine-
guaranteed the independence of Latin American nations and warned against European intervention in the Americas– Protected US interests in
Latin America
Caribbean and South Pacific• Spanish America War
1. Cuba was demanding independence
2. Human rights violations3. Spain took over American
plantations4. Mysterious explosion of
the USS Maine in Havana Harbor1. Fueled by Yellow
Journalism- sensational style of writing that exaggerates truth
Caribbean and South Pacific
• US fought Spain in the Caribbean and the Pacific
• US gained Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam
Panama• US aided Panama in a
revolt against Colombian control– Panama gains
independence and lets US build a canal
• Panama Canal– Shortcut from Atlantic
to Pacific– NYC to San Francisco
• 12,600 miles to 4,900 miles
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Presidential Diplomacy• Theodore Roosevelt’s Corollary
to the Monroe Doctrine described the US as the police of the Western Hemisphere
• Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” diplomacy increased the US profile in world affairs
• William H. Taft’s “Dollar” diplomacy promised to protect US economic and business investments in Latin America
Presidential Diplomacy• Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral”
diplomacy was used to ‘teach the Mexicans to elect good men’ while supporting US businessmen
• Each president’s policy involved the US more deeply in the Western Hemisphere, angered US neighbors, and increased the US’ role in world affairs
Present Day Territories• Guam, Northern Marianas Islands, Puerto Rico, US Virgin
Islands, and American Samoa
Bell Ringer #7
• Turn in bell ringers.• Turn in Study Guide (if complete).• Make sure your name is on all of your extra
credit (if complete).• Prepare for your Unit 5 test.