Bell Ringer Word of the Day: Veto - to disapprove of and thereby stop the process of a decision, a law, etc. If you had the power to veto a law or school.

Bell RingerBell Ringer

Word of the Day: Veto - to Word of the Day: Veto - to disapprove of and thereby disapprove of and thereby stop the process of a decision, stop the process of a decision, a law, etc. a law, etc.

If you had the power to veto a If you had the power to veto a law or school policy, what law or school policy, what would it be and why??would it be and why??

Massachusetts ColonyMassachusetts Colony

Founded by PuritansFounded by Puritans Puritans wanted to “purify” the Puritans wanted to “purify” the

Church of EnglandChurch of England There was There was NONO separation of church separation of church

and stateand state Puritans came to the New World to Puritans came to the New World to

escape for Religious Freedom; but escape for Religious Freedom; but exiled Roger Williamsexiled Roger Williams

What is a charter???What is a charter???

is a document that gave colonies the is a document that gave colonies the legal rights to exist. legal rights to exist.

is an administrative unit under the is an administrative unit under the control of a geographically- distinct control of a geographically- distinct entity, usually an autonomous state. entity, usually an autonomous state.

Proprietary, Royal, Joint-StockProprietary, Royal, Joint-Stock

What kind of Colony are you?What kind of Colony are you?

Proprietary Colony – Proprietary Colony – land grants from the British government. land grants from the British government. Individuals were awarded huge tracts of Individuals were awarded huge tracts of land that they would then supervise and land that they would then supervise and govern.govern.

Royal Colony – Royal Colony –

under direct control of the kingunder direct control of the king

Joint-Stock Colonies – Joint-Stock Colonies – the Virginia Company organized a private trading the Virginia Company organized a private trading company that company that sold shares to investorssold shares to investors. .

Self-Governing Colonies – Self-Governing Colonies – the company then set up its own government the company then set up its own government independent of the crown. The king could revoke independent of the crown. The king could revoke the colonial charter at any time and convert a the colonial charter at any time and convert a self-governing colony into a royal colony. self-governing colony into a royal colony.

What did it mean to be a citizen in What did it mean to be a citizen in the American Colonies?the American Colonies?

Only white men who owned a lot of Only white men who owned a lot of land could vote or hold officeland could vote or hold office

Africans brought to the new world Africans brought to the new world were considered propertywere considered property

America was one of the few places America was one of the few places that citizens could participate in that citizens could participate in governmentgovernment

Plantation SystemPlantation System division of the land into smaller units division of the land into smaller units

under private ownership under private ownership Starting in Virginia the system spread to Starting in Virginia the system spread to

the New England colonies the New England colonies Crops grown on these plantations such as Crops grown on these plantations such as

tobacco, rice, sugar cane and cotton were tobacco, rice, sugar cane and cotton were labor intensivelabor intensive

Slaves were in the fields from sunrise to Slaves were in the fields from sunrise to sunset and at harvest time they did an sunset and at harvest time they did an eighteen hour dayeighteen hour day

Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants

is a form of debt bondage worker is a form of debt bondage worker laborer is under contract of an laborer is under contract of an

employer for some period of time, employer for some period of time, usually three to seven years, in usually three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, exchange for their transportation, food, drink, clothing, lodging and food, drink, clothing, lodging and other necessities.other necessities.

SlaverySlavery

held against their will from the time of held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation (such as work, or to receive compensation (such as wages) in return for their labor wages) in return for their labor

Triangular Slave Route

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

was the first governing document in was the first governing document in the new worldthe new world

fair and equal laws, for the general fair and equal laws, for the general good of the settlement and with the good of the settlement and with the will of the majority will of the majority

All 41 of the adult male members on All 41 of the adult male members on the Mayflower signed the Compact. the Mayflower signed the Compact.

Triangular Slave TradeTriangular Slave Trade1.1. from a European port, where supplies such as from a European port, where supplies such as

copper, cloth, trinkets, slave beads, guns and copper, cloth, trinkets, slave beads, guns and ammunition would be shipped to a port in Africa ammunition would be shipped to a port in Africa

2.2. its cargo would be sold in exchange for slaves, its cargo would be sold in exchange for slaves, who were often tightly-packed like any other who were often tightly-packed like any other cargo to maximize profits cargo to maximize profits

3.3. From the West Indies the main cargo was sugar, From the West Indies the main cargo was sugar, rum, and molasses; from Virginia, it was rum, and molasses; from Virginia, it was tobaccotobacco

Middle Passage- Middle Passage- refers to the forced transportation of refers to the forced transportation of African people from Africa to the New World as African people from Africa to the New World as part of the Atlantic Slave Trade and was the part of the Atlantic Slave Trade and was the middle portion of the triangularmiddle portion of the triangular

Puritans, Who else?Puritans, Who else?

QuakersQuakers William PennWilliam Penn was founder and was founder and

proprietor of Pennsylvaniaproprietor of Pennsylvania champion of democracy and religious champion of democracy and religious

freedom freedom Famous for good relations and Famous for good relations and

treaties with the Indianstreaties with the Indians Democratic principles led to the Democratic principles led to the

inspiration for the Constitutioninspiration for the Constitution

Puritans, Quakers, and?Puritans, Quakers, and?

Refuge for CatholicsRefuge for Catholics Catholicism was introduced with the Catholicism was introduced with the

settling of settling of MarylandMaryland in 1634 in 1634 Maryland Toleration Act - Colony Maryland Toleration Act - Colony

offered religious toleration to all offered religious toleration to all religionsreligions

Proprietor colony – Lord BaltimoreProprietor colony – Lord Baltimore

Bacon’s Rebellion – (Virginia RebellionBacon’s Rebellion – (Virginia Rebellion))

Led by Nathaniel Bacon was elected Led by Nathaniel Bacon was elected general of an army to put down the general of an army to put down the Native AmericansNative Americans

First rebellion in the ColoniesFirst rebellion in the Colonies Wanted a more aggressive Indian Wanted a more aggressive Indian

PolicyPolicy Money towards defense from Dutch Money towards defense from Dutch

and Indians increased taxesand Indians increased taxes

Fundament Orders of ConnecticutFundament Orders of Connecticut

first written Constitution first written Constitution Government is based in the rights of Government is based in the rights of

an individualan individual All free men share in electing their All free men share in electing their

magistrates(judges)magistrates(judges) Use of Secret, Paper ballotsUse of Secret, Paper ballots States the power of the government States the power of the government

and some limits to that powerand some limits to that power

Why did they become dissatisfied Why did they become dissatisfied with English Rule?with English Rule?

Parliament represented all English Parliament represented all English citizens including the colonistscitizens including the colonists

Colonists believed they were Colonists believed they were represented by their legislaturesrepresented by their legislatures

Colonists could not vote for Colonists could not vote for member’s of Parliamentmember’s of Parliament

No colonist could be a member of No colonist could be a member of ParliamentParliament

Why did they become dissatisfied Why did they become dissatisfied with English Rule?with English Rule?

Opposing views on tradeOpposing views on trade Parliament said colonies could only trade Parliament said colonies could only trade

with Englandwith England Colonies wanted ability to sell their Colonies wanted ability to sell their

product to any countryproduct to any country Most Colonists were still loyal to EnglandMost Colonists were still loyal to England Colonists fought for England to defeat Colonists fought for England to defeat

France in the French and Indian war in France in the French and Indian war in 17631763

No Taxation without No Taxation without RepresentationRepresentation

ActivityActivity Get in your groups assigned from Get in your groups assigned from

yesterday.yesterday. Assignment, you are living in colonial Assignment, you are living in colonial

times. You need to help foster the times. You need to help foster the revolution movement. You are to revolution movement. You are to either write a poem, song, or poster either write a poem, song, or poster to help enlist more revolutionaries to help enlist more revolutionaries like yourself. You choose which one like yourself. You choose which one to do.to do.

I will collect this on Tuesday when I I will collect this on Tuesday when I return. Group Project Grade.return. Group Project Grade.

Bell RingerBell Ringer

Word of the day: Advocate - To Word of the day: Advocate - To encourage support for something. encourage support for something.

If you were advocate for something If you were advocate for something what would it be in school or outside what would it be in school or outside of school? Why? Examples: Against of school? Why? Examples: Against Cruelty to Animals, Against Abortion, Cruelty to Animals, Against Abortion, For Environmental Friendly Policy, For Environmental Friendly Policy, For the Right to Bear Arms, etc.For the Right to Bear Arms, etc.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Indians, French, and the BritishIndians, French, and the British Resulted in British conquest of New Resulted in British conquest of New

FranceFrance Was caused by New France and New Was caused by New France and New

England wanting to expand their England wanting to expand their trading routestrading routes

Results from French and Indian Results from French and Indian WarWar

Plunged England into a large debtPlunged England into a large debt England raised taxes on colonistsEngland raised taxes on colonists England would enact laws to prevent England would enact laws to prevent

colonists from moving westward to colonists from moving westward to appease the indiansappease the indians

Concessions given to Quebecs Concessions given to Quebecs Catholic populationCatholic population

Removing France opened westward Removing France opened westward expansionexpansion

Albany Plan of the UnionAlbany Plan of the Union

one general government may be formed in one general government may be formed in America, including all the said colonies, America, including all the said colonies, within and under which government each within and under which government each colony may retain its present constitution colony may retain its present constitution

the said general government be the said general government be administered by a President-General administered by a President-General

be appointed and supported by the crown be appointed and supported by the crown "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin

Franklin of Pennsylvania. Franklin of Pennsylvania.

No Taxation without No Taxation without RepresentationRepresentation

No Taxation Without No Taxation Without RepresentationRepresentation

Parliament decides to raise taxes on Parliament decides to raise taxes on colonistscolonists

Colonists opposed the new taxes Colonists opposed the new taxes stated that they were not stated that they were not represented in Parliamentrepresented in Parliament

Colonists believed it was taking their Colonists believed it was taking their property without their consentproperty without their consent

Parliament increased the power of Parliament increased the power of the governor to collect taxesthe governor to collect taxes

Proclamation Act of 1763Proclamation Act of 1763

The Proclamation in essence forbade The Proclamation in essence forbade colonists of the thirteen colonies colonists of the thirteen colonies from settling or buying land west of from settling or buying land west of the Appalachian Mountains.the Appalachian Mountains.

led to considerable outrage in the led to considerable outrage in the colonies, as many colonists had colonies, as many colonists had already acquired land in that region already acquired land in that region

gave the Crown a monopoly in land gave the Crown a monopoly in land bought from Native Americans bought from Native Americans

Quartering Act of 1765Quartering Act of 1765

provided that England would house its soldiers provided that England would house its soldiers in American barracks and public housesin American barracks and public houses

if its soldiers outnumbered the housing if its soldiers outnumbered the housing availableavailable

provide them with food and alcoholprovide them with food and alcohol, and , and providing for providing for "fire, candles, vinegar, salt, "fire, candles, vinegar, salt, bedding, and utensils"bedding, and utensils" for the soldiers for the soldiers "without "without paying any thing for the same"paying any thing for the same". .

Stamp ActStamp Act

The act required all legal documents, The act required all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the colonies to carry playing cards in the colonies to carry a tax stamp.a tax stamp.

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress

Were conducted in secret Were conducted in secret Trial by JuryTrial by Jury Right of self taxationRight of self taxation Reducing admiralty courtsReducing admiralty courts the delegates adopted a the delegates adopted a

Declaration of Rights and GrievancesDeclaration of Rights and Grievances First organized American ActionFirst organized American Action

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act

It stated Parliament's position that it It stated Parliament's position that it had the right to make laws for the had the right to make laws for the colonies in all matters. colonies in all matters.

although many in Parliament felt that although many in Parliament felt that taxes were implied in this clause, taxes were implied in this clause, some other Parliament members and some other Parliament members and many of the colonialists did not many of the colonialists did not

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

reinforcing a longstanding principle of reinforcing a longstanding principle of government policy that English trade government policy that English trade should be carried in English vessels should be carried in English vessels

caused resentment in the colonies and caused resentment in the colonies and contributed to the contributed to the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

required all imports either to be sold in required all imports either to be sold in England or bought from England no matter England or bought from England no matter what price could be obtained elsewhere what price could be obtained elsewhere

Writs of AssistanceWrits of Assistance

is a legal document that serves as a is a legal document that serves as a general general search warrantsearch warrant

Granted custom officers these writsGranted custom officers these writs Any place could be searched at the Any place could be searched at the

whim of the holder, and searchers whim of the holder, and searchers were not responsible for any damage were not responsible for any damage they caused. they caused.

This put anyone who had such a writ This put anyone who had such a writ above the law. above the law.

John Peter ZengerJohn Peter Zenger

criticized criticized William CosbyWilliam Cosby, Governor of New , Governor of New York York

had him arrested and jailed, trial and had him arrested and jailed, trial and acquittal on acquittal on seditionsedition and and libellibel charges charges

helped clarify the beliefs of early Colonial helped clarify the beliefs of early Colonial life and lay the groundwork for the life and lay the groundwork for the responsibilities of both media and responsibilities of both media and government in a functioning democracy. government in a functioning democracy.

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect avoiding strict enforcement of avoiding strict enforcement of

parliamentary laws meant to keep the parliamentary laws meant to keep the American coloniesAmerican colonies obedient to obedient to Great BritainGreat Britain. .

"if no restrictions were placed on the "if no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish“colonies, they would flourish“

Since the imperial authority did not assert Since the imperial authority did not assert the power that it had, the colonists were the power that it had, the colonists were left to govern themselves. left to govern themselves.

became accustomed to the idea of self-became accustomed to the idea of self-control control

considered itself separate from Great considered itself separate from Great Britain. Britain.

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty

was a was a secret organizationsecret organization of of American PatriotsAmerican Patriots which originated in the which originated in the Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies during the during the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Patriots attacked the apparatus and Patriots attacked the apparatus and symbols of British authority and power symbols of British authority and power such as property of the such as property of the gentrygentry, , Customs officersCustoms officers, , East India CompanyEast India Company tea, tea, and as the war approached, vocal and as the war approached, vocal supporters of supporters of the Crownthe Crown. .

existed in almost every colony existed in almost every colony

Bell RingerBell Ringer

Correspondence: conversation Correspondence: conversation between persons by means of between persons by means of letters. letters.

If you could correspond with any If you could correspond with any individual today or throughout individual today or throughout history, who would it be? Why?history, who would it be? Why?

Committees of CorrespondenceCommittees of Correspondence

purposes of coordinating written purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colony communication outside of the colony

important role in the Revolution, by important role in the Revolution, by disseminating the colonial interpretation of disseminating the colonial interpretation of BritishBritish actions between the colonies and to actions between the colonies and to foreign governments foreign governments

Pass news on how England was violating Pass news on how England was violating colonists’ rightscolonists’ rights

Called for a congress of representatives Called for a congress of representatives from all the coloniesfrom all the colonies

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

The Massacre occurred on the The Massacre occurred on the evening of March 5, 1770 evening of March 5, 1770

5 civilians died 5 civilians died 9 British regulars were charged 9 British regulars were charged

during the B.M. trials. Preston and six during the B.M. trials. Preston and six of his men were acquitted, two of his men were acquitted, two others were found guilty of others were found guilty of manslaughter. manslaughter.

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Protest against the British Protest against the British governmentgovernment

Destroyed tea from the British East Destroyed tea from the British East India CompanyIndia Company

Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts or the or the Coercive Coercive ActsActs

Four of the five acts were issued in direct Four of the five acts were issued in direct response to the response to the Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party of of December 1773 December 1773

closed the port of Boston closed the port of Boston government of Massachusetts to bring it government of Massachusetts to bring it

under control of the British government under control of the British government allowed the governor to move trials of allowed the governor to move trials of

accused royal officials to another colony or accused royal officials to another colony or even to Great Britain even to Great Britain

Reinforced the quartering actReinforced the quartering act enlarged the boundaries of the enlarged the boundaries of the

Province of QuebecProvince of Quebec

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

was a convention of delegates from was a convention of delegates from twelve twelve BritishBritish North AmericanNorth American colonies colonies

members appointed by the members appointed by the legislatures legislatures

Province of GeorgiaProvince of Georgia did not send did not send delegates delegates

organize an economic organize an economic boycottboycott of of British trade British trade

First Continental Congress, ContFirst Continental Congress, Cont

publish a list of rights and publish a list of rights and grievances, and petition grievances, and petition King GeorgeKing George for redress of those grievancesfor redress of those grievances

Congress also called for another Congress also called for another Continental CongressContinental Congress if the king did if the king did not respondnot respond

appeal to the Crown had no effect appeal to the Crown had no effect

22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress

delegates from the delegates from the Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies managed the colonial war effort managed the colonial war effort moved slowly towards independence moved slowly towards independence Adopted the Declaration of IndependenceAdopted the Declaration of Independence raising armies, directing strategy, raising armies, directing strategy,

appointing diplomats, and making formal appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the treaties, the Congress acted as the de de factofacto national government of what national government of what became the became the United StatesUnited States

Shot Heard Around the WorldShot Heard Around the World

opening stanza of Ralph Waldo opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's Emerson's Concord HymnConcord Hymn ( (18371837), ), and describes the impact of the and describes the impact of the battle at Old North Bridgebattle at Old North Bridge in in Concord, MassachusettsConcord, Massachusetts, on , on April 19April 19, , 17751775. .

""By the rude bridge that arched the flood,By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,

Here once the embattled farmers stoodHere once the embattled farmers stood

And fired the shot heard round the world."And fired the shot heard round the world."

Common SenseCommon Sense

was a was a pamphletpamphlet written by written by Thomas PaineThomas Paine

presented the American colonists presented the American colonists with an argument for independence with an argument for independence from from BritishBritish rule rule

Paine published Paine published Common SenseCommon Sense anonymously because of its anonymously because of its treasonous content treasonous content

Paine’s ArgumentsPaine’s Arguments It was ridiculous for an island to rule a It was ridiculous for an island to rule a

continent continent America was not a "British nation"; it was America was not a "British nation"; it was

composed of influences and peoples from composed of influences and peoples from all of Europe all of Europe

no mother would harm her children so no mother would harm her children so brutally brutally

The distance between the two nations The distance between the two nations made governing the colonies from England made governing the colonies from England unwieldy unwieldy

Britain ruled the colonies for its Britain ruled the colonies for its own benefitown benefit, and did not consider the best , and did not consider the best interests of the colonists in governing interests of the colonists in governing them.them.

Paine’s QuotesPaine’s Quotes

"There is something exceedingly ridiculous "There is something exceedingly ridiculous in the composition of in the composition of monarchymonarchy; it first ; it first excludes a man from the means of excludes a man from the means of information, yet empowers him to act in information, yet empowers him to act in cases where the highest judgment is cases where the highest judgment is required.“required.“

"I offer nothing more than simple facts, "I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense . . ." plain arguments, and common sense . . ."

"Wherefore, since nothing but blows will "Wherefore, since nothing but blows will do, for God's sake, let us come to a final do, for God's sake, let us come to a final separation." separation."

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson, John Written by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin FranklinAdams, and Benjamin Franklin

Declared the colonies independence Declared the colonies independence from Britainfrom Britain

Stated that an individual was Stated that an individual was endowed with certain unalienable endowed with certain unalienable rightsrights

Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happinesshappiness

Declaration of Independence (Cont)Declaration of Independence (Cont)

list of charges against King George list of charges against King George which aim to demonstrate that he which aim to demonstrate that he has violated the colonists' rights and has violated the colonists' rights and is therefore unfit to be their ruleris therefore unfit to be their ruler

the signers assert that there exist the signers assert that there exist conditions under which people must conditions under which people must change their government change their government

Response from the SignersResponse from the Signers

John Hancock supposedly said that John Hancock supposedly said that Congress, having signed the Congress, having signed the Declaration, must now "all hang Declaration, must now "all hang together", and Benjamin Franklin together", and Benjamin Franklin replied: "Yes, we must indeed all replied: "Yes, we must indeed all hang together, or most assuredly we hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately." The quote shall all hang separately." The quote did not appear in print until more did not appear in print until more than fifty years after Franklin's than fifty years after Franklin's death.death.

Who was the major influence on Who was the major influence on the Declaration of Independence?the Declaration of Independence?

Public SchoolingPublic Schooling

On January 1, 1643, by unanimous On January 1, 1643, by unanimous vote, Dedham authorized the first vote, Dedham authorized the first taxpayer-funded public school; "the taxpayer-funded public school; "the seed of American education seed of American education

11stst Great Awakening Great Awakening

a time of increased religious activity a time of increased religious activity emphasized the importance and emphasized the importance and

power of immediate, personal power of immediate, personal religious experience religious experience

made religion intensely personal made religion intensely personal

SuffrageSuffrage

is the civil right to vote is the civil right to vote

NationalismNationalism

can refer to an ideology, a sentiment, can refer to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of culture, or a social a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the movement that focuses on the nation.[ nation.[

GameGame

There will be two teams. Only the There will be two teams. Only the team that is answering the question team that is answering the question can get a point for their answer. The can get a point for their answer. The group can confer for the answer. The group can confer for the answer. The group will have 10 seconds to answer group will have 10 seconds to answer the question. The moderator can the question. The moderator can take a point at anytime from a group take a point at anytime from a group that is talking or out of their seat that is talking or out of their seat during the game.during the game.

Throwing RulesThrowing Rules

A student catching will be eliminated A student catching will be eliminated if they do not catch the ball when if they do not catch the ball when thrown to them. The student thrown to them. The student throwing will be eliminated if they do throwing will be eliminated if they do not make a good throw. The teacher not make a good throw. The teacher will make the ruling on who is out. will make the ruling on who is out. When the whole team is eliminated, When the whole team is eliminated, the team still remaining will receive the team still remaining will receive 10 extra bonus points.10 extra bonus points.

Game OverGame Over

If there is arguing, students are not If there is arguing, students are not following direction, or students do following direction, or students do not follow procedures for the game, not follow procedures for the game, the game will end immediately and the game will end immediately and the class will read and review for the the class will read and review for the Test on Tuesday on their own. The Test on Tuesday on their own. The teacher has the ability to take points teacher has the ability to take points and award point due to behavior.and award point due to behavior.