Bell Ringer What causes Insecure attachment?. Chapter 3 Life Span Development.

Bell Ringer•What causes Insecure attachment?

Chapter 3

Life Span Development

Culture and Maturation

Many aspects of development depend on customs

Baby’s ability to sleep alone

Recommendation to have babies sleep on their back has caused many babies to skip crawling.

Attachment

A deep emotional bond that an infant develops with its 1primary caretaker

Contact comfortIn primates, the innate pleasure derived from close physical contactThe basis of the infant’s first attachment

Attachment

Tested using strange situation

A parent-infant “separation and reunion” procedure that is staged in a laboratory to test the security of a child’s attachment

AttachmentSecureA parent-infant relationship in which the baby is secure when the parent is present, distressed by separation, and delighted by reunion.

InsecureA parent-infant relationship in which the baby clings to the parent, cries at separation, and reacts with anger or apathy to reunion.

What Causes Insecure Attachment?

Abandonment and deprivation in the first two years of life.

Parenting that is abusive, neglectful, or erratic.

Child’s genetically influenced temperament.

Stressful circumstances in the family.

• 1. How many hours per day does baby “106” spend with the cloth “mother”?

• 2. Where does baby “106” run to when scared?

• 3. Is love and comfort something that is learned?

• 4. What do you think of Dr. Harlow’s experiment?

Harlow’s Attachment VideoCopy and

Answer these questions in

your notebook.

Language Development

Acquisition of speech begins in the first few months.

Infants are responsive to pitch, intensity, and sound.

By 4-6 months of age children can recognize their names and repetitive words.

By 6-12 months they become familiar with sentence structure, start babbling.

Language DevelopmentBy 11 months, infants use symbolic gestures.

About 12 months, infants use words to label objects.

18-24 months, toddlers combine 2-3 words into telegraphic speech.

Innate Capacity for Language

Language too complex to be learned bit by bit

Sentences have surface and deep structures.

Surface structure: the way a sentence is spoken

Deep structure: how a sentence is to be understood

To transform surface sentence structures into deep ones, children must apply rules of grammar.

Language Acquisition Device

If we don’t teach syntax to toddlers, the brain must contain a language acquisition device.

An innate module that allows young children to develop language if they are exposed to an adequate sampling of conversation

Children are born with universal grammar, a sensitivity to the core features common to all languages.

Nouns and verbs, subjects and objects, negatives

Evidence for Learning and Language

Children learn the probability that any given word or syllable will follow another.

Parents respond to children’s errors by restating or elaborating the phrase. Children imitate these adult recasts and expansions.

Evidence for Learning and Language

Two adaptive processesAssimilation: absorbing new information into existing cognitive structures

Accommodation: modifying existing cognitive structures in response to new information

According to Piaget, cognitive development consists of mental adaptations to new observations.

Language Acquisition Video1. How does our ability to talk distinguish us on Earth?

2. What does Dr. Deb Roy do in order to discover how a child speaks?

3. How does a child’s language formation progress from an unintelligible babble?

4. How do parents assist their child in language acquisition?

• Read pages 81-89 and complete the “What’s Ahead” questions on page 81.

• For our next class find out from your parent(s) or guardian when you began to walk. Try to find out what month of life if possible. (11 months, 14 months and so on.)

Homework