Bell Ringer Question Large quantities of proteins modified by the Golgi apparatus exit the cell through the process of A)diffusion. B)endocytosis. C)exocytosis.

Bell Ringer Question

Large quantities of proteins modified by the Golgi apparatus exit the cell through the process of

A)diffusion.B)endocytosis.C)exocytosis.D)osmosis.

What is the name of the organelle that carries the above proteins to the cell membrane?

Photosynthesis

State Objectives!

CLE 3210.3.3 Investigate the relationship between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

SPI 3210.3.3 Compare and Contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy transformation.

Introduction:Overview

6 CO2 + 6 H2O +

light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Photosynthesis consists of two independent pathways

light-dependent reaction (light reaction) the light-independent reaction (dark reaction).

Bell Ringer!!

Which is the BEST explanation for how fluid pressure from freshwater helps plants to stand upright?

A) Freshwater is a hypertonic solution, which causes the plant cells to swell with turgor pressure.B) Freshwater is a hypotonic solution, which causes the plant cells to swell because of plasmolysis.C) Freshwater is a hypertonic solution, which causes the plant cells to swell because of plasmolysis.D) Freshwater is a hypotonic solution, which causes the plant cells to swell because of turgor pressure.

IntroductionLight Reactions: the energy in sunlight is trapped, O2 is released, and both ATP and NADPH + H+ (hydrogen-carrier molecule) are formedDark Reactions: the ATP and NADPH + H+ react with CO2 from the atmosphere and form glucoseThe entire process results in the transformation of light energy from the sun into energy stored in the bonds of the glucose molecule.

Structure of a Chloroplast

The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane

The dark reactions take place in the stroma

Structure of a Chloroplast

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Why are plants green?

Pigments

Pigments are light-absorbing compounds.

Pigments appear colored because they absorb light of certain wavelengths and reflect that of others.

Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment in green plants that absorbs red and blue/violet light and reflects green light.

Structure of Chlorophyll

Why aren’t these leaves green??

Accessory Pigments

Chloroplasts also contain other pigments called accessory pigments.

Accessory pigments trap wavelengths of light that cannot be absorbed by chlorophyll a and then transfer the energy to chlorophyll a molecules for use in photosynthesis. In this way, accessory pigments enable plants to use a greater amount of the sun’s energy than is available to chlorophyll alone.

Light Reaction

Light Reaction

Also called Light Dependent ReactionPigments that are in the chloroplasts intercept light and begin the light reactions of photosynthesis.The light reactions occur in two photosystems (located in the thylakoid membrane):

Photosystem: a unit of several hundred chlorophyll a molecules and associated acceptor molecules

-photosystem I (PSI) -photosystem II (PSII)

Photosystems

Excited Electrons

NADPH

NADP+ is an electron acceptor

NADP+ + 2 e- + 2 H+ NADPH + H+

ATP

Synth

ase

Bell Ringer!!

Do this on socrative!Most animal cell membranes have proteins that pump ______ ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

A) calciumB) carbonC) magnesium D) sodium

NOT using socrative – draw out the light reactions of photosynthesis in as much detail as possible.

State Objectives!

CLE 3210.3.3 Investigate the relationship between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

SPI 3210.3.3 Compare and Contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy transformation.

PSII

PSI

Water (H2O)

Oxygen (O2)

Hydrogen Ion (H+)

Electron

Lumen

PrimaryElectronAcceptor

Proton Pump

ATP Synthase

Thylakoid

ETC

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 3

Step 3

Step 3

Step 3

Step 3

Step 4

~

e

high

low

Step 4

Step 4

Step 4

Step 4

Step 4

Step 5

Step 5

Step 5

Step 5

Step 5

Step 5

NADP+

NADPH+ H+

Step 6

high

low

Step 6

Step 6

Step 6

Step 6

Step 6

~

e

ADP + P

ATP

Reactants

ADP + P

NADP+

Products ATP

NADPH+ H+

O2 isreleasedinto the

atmosphere

DR

1. A student is comparing hundreds of leaves of the same tree species. The student will calculate each leaf area using a formula. The formula requires the measurements of length and width of each leaf. When all the data are collected, the student will display differences of leaves from the individual trees on a graph. Which of these tools will the student use to gather and display the data in this investigation?

A) microscope and digital balance

B) magnifying glass and hand calculator

C) metric ruler and spreadsheet program

D) Computer sensor and pie chart generator

2. What do you remember about the light reactions?

Get a copy of the worksheet “Light Reactions”

The worksheet is on the computer cart

You may answer the questions at the bottom of the worksheet.

State Objectives!

CLE 3210.3.3 Investigate the relationship between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

SPI 3210.3.3 Compare and Contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy transformation.

Find a Partner

With your Partner: Quick Review

1.Where does photosynthesis happen?

2.Where do the light reactions happen?

3.What are the reactants and products of the light reactions?

Where does it happen?

●Two Stages:● Light Cycle:

● Calvin Cycle:

thylakoid

Takes place in the stroma

Dark Reaction

Dark ReactionThe dark reaction is also known as the Calvin Cycle, after an American scientist (Melvin Calvin) who figured out the pathway.The dark reaction is also known as the C3 Cycle because the first stable products of this pathway are molecules that contain three carbon atoms.The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma.

Calvin Cycle●Reactants:

●Products:

CO2 – from atmosphere

ATP & NADPH – from light cycle

Sugar & other monomers for macromolecules such as amino acids (proteins) and fatty acids (lipids)

Calvin Cycle has 3 Parts.

1.Incorporates atmospheric CO2 into existing organic molecules (carbon fixation)

2. CO2 Reduction

3. Regeneration of RUBP

Calvin Cycle

12 NADPH + H+

~

e12 ADP + P

12 ATP

12 NADP+

e-

10 PGAL

~

e6 ADP + P

6 ATP

6 CO2C

6 RuBPC C C C C

12 PGAC C C

12 PGALC C C

2 PGALC C C

GlucoseC C C C C C

C C C C C C

unstablecompound

Making Connections

Write out the chemicalformula for photosynthesis.

light + 6H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C6H12O6

Some Botany (Plant) Stuff●Stomata (plural) stoma (singular):Specialized cells that create a pore in the leaves that allow air (CO2, O2, water vapor) to come and go.

Diffusion in Action

With your partner

●Describe why plant cells may want to close their stoma.

C4vs.

CAM

WHY??

Exit Ticket●Write out the chemical formula for photosynthesis and explain where each element comes from.

The End!