Bell Ringer for Chinese Civilization What jobs did the people of the Xia dynasty have? What jobs did the people of the Shang dynasty have? What is divine.

Bell Ringer for Chinese CivilizationWhat jobs did the people of the

Xia dynasty have?What jobs did the people of the

Shang dynasty have?What is divine right?What major structure was built

during the Qin (Chin) dynasty?What was a major

accomplishment of Shi Huangdi?

Ancient Greece

Map of Greek World

GreeceGreece is located in the Balkan

peninsula in the Mediterranean sea

Mycenaean EraThe Mycenaean civilization

dominated Greece from 1400-1200 BC

They also made their living through trade by the sea

The Mycenaeans mostly lived in city-states on the mainland of Greece

Each city-state was controlled by its own king and was surrounded by huge walls to keep invaders out

Mycenaean EraMost famous conflict of the

Mycenaean era was the Trojan WarMany of the tales of the Mycenaeans

were written down by a blind poet in 750 BC named Homer

Homer wrote the 2 epic tales of The Iliad and The Odyssey

The Mycenaeans were conquered by the Dorians and many skills like the art of writing were lost in Greece

Rise of City StatesGreece developed many small

cities which were divided from one another by mountains or water

Each city-states included a main city and the surrounding countryside

Different city-states were serious rivals of one another and engaged in war frequently

Greeks referred to city-states as the polis

Development of City StatesOriginally, city states were developed

as a monarchy (leader decided by heredity)

However, wealthy landowners wanted power for themselves and took over the leadership of the city states◦This is called an aristocracy- leadership by

landholding elite classAfter that, control changed into the

hands of the oligarchy or control by a small group

SpartaAfter the Dorians conquered

parts of Greece, they built the city-state of Sparta

The Dorians turned the people that already lived in the area into slaves called helots

The government of Sparta was led by 2 kings and a council to advise the kings

SpartaSparta focused mainly on their militaryMen were trained to be soldiers from

birth and serve as warriorsAfter age 30, they could join the

assembly which was a group that approved all major decisions for the city-state

Women were expected to produce sons for the Spartan army and some woman ran the family land while husbands were in war

Military

The military also began to develop with the shift from bronze to iron weapons

As iron was cheaper, a new method know as the phalanx was developed.

The phalanx method was difficult to master and require hours of training

AthensAthens also began as a monarchy

that turned into an aristocracy like Sparta

Discontent with the aristocracy led to an eventual switch to a democracy or government by the people

Athens was not a true democracy because only landowning men could participate in government of the democracy

AthensAthens was far less militant and

placed a higher focus on knowledge and learning

Men took on jobs like merchants and landowners in addition to time spent in the military

Women were expected to maintain the home and rarely left the house unless it was for a religious celebration

Philosophers of GreeceThere were many great thinkers

or philosophers in Ancient GreecePhilosophy means the “love of

wisdom”Philosophers used rational

thinking and logic for their ideasPhilosophers were masters of

rhetoric or art of speaking

SocratesSocrates created the Socratic

method◦Ask questions and then question the

answers to help people think more fully about their responses

Socrates was put on trial because of his constant questioning. People believed he was dishonoring the gods

He was sentenced to death at the age of 70

PlatoPlato was a student of Socrates and also

emphasized the importance of reasonRejected Athenian society due to the death

of SocratesWrote “The Republic” which discussed an

ideal societySociety would exist of soldiers to defend,

workers to produce and philosophers to rule

Believed men were higher than women in mental and physical tasks, but some women were superior to men

AristotleAristotle was a student of PlatoArisotle did not support

democracy but supported a single leader who was virtuous and moral

Believed that reason is the guiding force for all learning

ReadingRead and answer the questions

for the “Life in Sparta” and “Life in Athens” handout

Honors- Write a paragraph identifying which city-state you believe to be superior. Use evidence from the reading, notes and videos to support your argument.

Bell RingerWhat were the 2 major city-

states of Ancient Greece?What was the main focus of the

first city-state?What was the main focus of the

second city-state?Name the 3 major philosophers

from Ancient RomeDefine oligarchy, aristocracy and

monarchy

War Between Sparta and AthensAthens and Sparta begin to fight each other in the

the Peloponnesian War. The two city-states just tried to control each other. ◦ While fighting continues amongst them a new empire

called Macedonia is on the rise. King Phillip II of Macedonia begins to establish his power

by conquering Greece. Phillip is an accomplished assassin and kills off other

competitors for the throne He is captured by the Thebans 369-367, and learns

Greek military tactics here.

King Phillip the II was the father of Alexander the Great.

Alexander the GreatAfter Phillip’s death Alexander inherits the

throne at the age of 20.◦ He was taught military tactics by Aristotle.

When Alexander takes over Greece revolts after Phillip’s death. They no longer want to be ruled by Macedonians. ◦ Alexander shows his power by attacking the city of

Thebes.◦Alexander crushed its army, and sold the people

into slavery and burned the city to the ground.

Alexander’s EmpireAlexander the Great wanted to

take all of Persia as part of his empire

Alexander’s Army Persian Army

LargeDisorganized

No common language

•Small•Well Trained•Fiercely Loyal to Alexander

Alexander Expands His EmpireAlexander is able to take Persia, and begin his

empire.◦ Alexander burns Persepolis, which is the “Persian

capital”, to the ground.

He wants to keep expanding his empire by taking over India where his campaign turns for the worse.◦ His soldiers are starting to doubt him.

The soldiers are tired of fighting and want to return home to see family and friends. ◦ Alexander tries to persuade the army to continue on,

but the men are ready to return to Macedonia.

Alexander becomes sick and diesMany have debated whether his death

was intentional or natural.◦Poison is a possible answer because troops

were ready to return home.◦Malaria is another possibility because of the

climate in India; misquotes are present in high numbers.

End of Alexander’s Empire

Hellenistic AgeBecause Alexander took over a variety of lands,

there were many cultures interacting under one ruler

Hellenistic - The blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquests of Alexander the Great.

Major Developments of the Hellenistic Age◦ Philosophy◦ Art & Literature◦ Science & Technology

ActivityOn a piece of paper, write down 5

characteristics of what you think makes a good leader

Read the handout (both sides) on Alexander and the attack on Thebes

Make a T chart on your notebook paper

On one side, list why you think Alexander was a good leader. On the other side, why Alexander was a bad leader

ActivityBased on your T-Chart, decide if you

think Alexander was a good leader or bad leader

Make a second T Chart Choose 3 characteristics from your list

of what makes a good leader and list them on the left side

On the other side, using examples from your first T chart and show how Alexander meets or does not meet the characteristics of a good leader