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Chapter 9Chapter 9

Section 2Section 2

The Fall of RomeThe Fall of Rome

I. The Decline of Rome (pgs. 318 – 321)I. The Decline of Rome (pgs. 318 – 321)A. In A.D. 180, the last of the “good emperors”, Marcus A. In A.D. 180, the last of the “good emperors”, Marcus Aurelius, died leaving his son Commodus Aurelius, died leaving his son Commodus (kah*muh*duhs) emperor.(kah*muh*duhs) emperor.

B. Commodus was cruel and spent much B. Commodus was cruel and spent much

of his time fighting as a gladiator.of his time fighting as a gladiator.

C. In A.D. 192 the emperor’s bodyguard killed him.C. In A.D. 192 the emperor’s bodyguard killed him.

D. After Commodus,D. After Commodus,

emperors called theemperors called the

Severans ruledSeverans ruled

Rome.Rome.

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What did Commodus spend What did Commodus spend much of his time as ruler much of his time as ruler doing? doing?

How did Commodus Die? How did Commodus Die?

Political and Social ProblemsPolitical and Social ProblemsE. The last Severan ruler died in A.D. 235E. The last Severan ruler died in A.D. 235

F. Rome’s government became weak and for the next F. Rome’s government became weak and for the next 50 years, Rome had 22 different emperors.50 years, Rome had 22 different emperors.

Rome’s many problems included:Rome’s many problems included:

* Romans no longer honored the old ideals of duty, * Romans no longer honored the old ideals of duty, courage, courage, and honesty. and honesty.

* Officials stole money* Officials stole money

* Wealthy people stopped paying taxes* Wealthy people stopped paying taxes

*Fewer people attended school*Fewer people attended school

*Large number of empire’s people were now *Large number of empire’s people were now enslavedenslaved

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Rome had a lot of rulers following the Rome had a lot of rulers following the rule of the Severan leadership. How rule of the Severan leadership. How many exactly? many exactly?

2222

Economic and Military ProblemsEconomic and Military ProblemsG. During the A.D. 200’s, Rome’s economy began to G. During the A.D. 200’s, Rome’s economy began to fail.fail.

H. A plague, or disease that spreads widely, broke out H. A plague, or disease that spreads widely, broke out and killed one out of every ten people in the empire.and killed one out of every ten people in the empire.

I. Rome suffered from inflation, or rapidly increasing I. Rome suffered from inflation, or rapidly increasing prices.prices.

J. Government tried to get more money by putting less J. Government tried to get more money by putting less gold in its coins, but that made the coins lose value.gold in its coins, but that made the coins lose value.

K. People began to barter, or exchange goods, without K. People began to barter, or exchange goods, without using money.using money.

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What caused the money to lose value What caused the money to lose value at this time in Italy? at this time in Italy?

L. Germanic tribes from northern Europe began L. Germanic tribes from northern Europe began invading Roman farms and towns.invading Roman farms and towns.

M. Persian armies also pushed into Rome’s territories.M. Persian armies also pushed into Rome’s territories.

N. Rome began using Germanic warriors in their army N. Rome began using Germanic warriors in their army because they could not afford to pay soldiers, but they because they could not afford to pay soldiers, but they were not loyal to Rome.were not loyal to Rome.

What Were Diocletian’s Reforms?What Were Diocletian’s Reforms?O. In A.D. 284, a general named Diocletian O. In A.D. 284, a general named Diocletian (dy*uh*klee*shuhn) became emperor.(dy*uh*klee*shuhn) became emperor.

*He introduced many reforms, or political changes.*He introduced many reforms, or political changes.

* divided Rome into four parts* divided Rome into four parts

* set the prices of goods and workers’ wages* set the prices of goods and workers’ wages

* Ordered workers to remain at the same jobs until * Ordered workers to remain at the same jobs until theythey

dieddied

P. The people ignored the new P. The people ignored the new

rules and Diocletian did not rules and Diocletian did not

have enough power to make have enough power to make

them obey.them obey.

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What are reforms? What is an What are reforms? What is an example of a reform in today’s example of a reform in today’s society? society?

Who Was Constantine?Who Was Constantine?Q. Constantine (kahn*stuhn*teen) became emperor in Q. Constantine (kahn*stuhn*teen) became emperor in A.D. 312.A.D. 312.

R. He issued several orders to aid the Roman economy.R. He issued several orders to aid the Roman economy.

Ordered the sons of workers to follow their fathers’ Ordered the sons of workers to follow their fathers’ trades.trades.

Moved capital city from Rome to Byzantium Moved capital city from Rome to Byzantium (buh*zan*tee*uhm).(buh*zan*tee*uhm).

S. City became known asS. City became known as

Constantinople (kahn*stan*tuhn*oh*puhl)Constantinople (kahn*stan*tuhn*oh*puhl)

(Istanbul today).(Istanbul today).

Study QuestionsStudy Questions This emperor moved the capital city This emperor moved the capital city

from Rome to Constantinople.from Rome to Constantinople. A type of disease that spreads A type of disease that spreads

widely, and killed one out of every widely, and killed one out of every ten people in the Roman empire.ten people in the Roman empire.

This is the last of the good emperors.This is the last of the good emperors. The capital of Italy following Rome.The capital of Italy following Rome. The term for rapidly increasing The term for rapidly increasing

prices. prices.

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II. Rome FallsII. Rome FallsA. In A.D. 395, the Roman A. In A.D. 395, the Roman

Empire was split into two separate empires.Empire was split into two separate empires.Theodosius- peacemakerTheodosius- peacemaker

B. The Western Roman B. The Western Roman

Empire had Rome asEmpire had Rome as

its capital.its capital.

C. The Eastern Roman C. The Eastern Roman

Empire had Empire had

Constantinople as Constantinople as

its capital.its capital.

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The capital of the Eastern Empire?The capital of the Eastern Empire? The capital of the Western Empire? The capital of the Western Empire?

Rome Is InvadedRome Is InvadedD. As Rome declined, it could no longer hold back the D. As Rome declined, it could no longer hold back the Germanic tribes.Germanic tribes.

* Ostrogoths* Ostrogoths

* Visigoths* Visigoths

* Franks* Franks

* Vandals* Vandals

* Angles* Angles

* Saxons* Saxons

These groups were looking for warmer climates, better These groups were looking for warmer climates, better grazing land for their cattle, and fleeing the Huns, grazing land for their cattle, and fleeing the Huns, fierce warriors from Mongolia in Asia.fierce warriors from Mongolia in Asia.

E. In A.D. 378, the Visigoths defeated Roman legions at E. In A.D. 378, the Visigoths defeated Roman legions at the Battle of Adrianople (ay*dree*uh*noh*puhl).the Battle of Adrianople (ay*dree*uh*noh*puhl).

F. In A.D. 410, the Visigoth leader Alaric (a*luh*rihk) F. In A.D. 410, the Visigoth leader Alaric (a*luh*rihk) and his soldiers captured Rome itself.and his soldiers captured Rome itself.

G. It was the first time Rome had been conquered in G. It was the first time Rome had been conquered in 800 years.800 years.

In A.D. 455, the Vandals entered Rome and spent 12 In A.D. 455, the Vandals entered Rome and spent 12 days stripping buildings of valuables and burning them.days stripping buildings of valuables and burning them.

H. From these attacks came the English word H. From these attacks came the English word vandalismvandalism, which means “the willful destruction of , which means “the willful destruction of property.”property.”

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In A.D 410 the Romans are In A.D 410 the Romans are conquered for the first time in 800 conquered for the first time in 800 years, who was their leader? years, who was their leader?

Rome FallsRome FallsI. In A.D. 476, a Germanic general named Odoacer I. In A.D. 476, a Germanic general named Odoacer (oh*duh*way*suhr) overthrew the western emperor (oh*duh*way*suhr) overthrew the western emperor Romulus Augustulus.Romulus Augustulus.

J. After Augustulus, no emperor ever again ruled from J. After Augustulus, no emperor ever again ruled from Rome.Rome.

K. By A.D. 550, the Western Roman Empire had faded K. By A.D. 550, the Western Roman Empire had faded away.away.

L. The Eastern Roman Empire prospered and became L. The Eastern Roman Empire prospered and became known as the Byzantine Empire.known as the Byzantine Empire.

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Which of the two empires survives Which of the two empires survives attacks from the Germanic tribes?attacks from the Germanic tribes?

III. The Legacy of RomeIII. The Legacy of RomeM. Many of our ideas and knowledge today comes from M. Many of our ideas and knowledge today comes from the Roman Empire.the Roman Empire.

Many words in the English language come from the Many words in the English language come from the Romans.Romans.

Many of our ideas about government, our system of Many of our ideas about government, our system of law, and knowledge of building came from the Romans.law, and knowledge of building came from the Romans.

Study QuestionsStudy Questions What did the Eastern Roman Empire What did the Eastern Roman Empire

become known as? become known as? What group of people became the first What group of people became the first

to conquer the Romans in 800 years?to conquer the Romans in 800 years? These people were the influence for the These people were the influence for the

English word vandalism, which means English word vandalism, which means “the willful destruction of property.“the willful destruction of property.

In A.D. 395, the Roman Empire was split In A.D. 395, the Roman Empire was split into how many different empires? into how many different empires?

The last ruler to govern from Rome. The last ruler to govern from Rome.

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