Bell Ringer [3 Minutes] Biochemistry Vocabulary Cloze.

Bell Ringer [3 Minutes]Biochemistry Vocabulary Cloze

MYP Biology: Atomic StructureUnit 3: Life Takes Chemistry

What is Matter?

• Anything with mass and volume (it “takes up space”)

• Made up of atoms

The outlines of Silicon atoms as seen through a Scanning-Tunneling

Microscope

• 4 main states of matter:

–Solid–Liquid–Gas–Plasma

What is Matter?

The States of Matter:

What is an Atom?

• Atoms are the smallest particle units of MATTER—EVERYTHING is made of atoms

• Made of three ‘subatomic’ particles:–PROTON (+)–NEUTRON (no charge)–ELECTRON (-)

What is an Atom?

• The NUCLEUS, or the core of the atom, contains PROTONS and NEUTRONS

• Electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels. This is called the ELECTRON CLOUD

What is an Atom?ELECTRONS

Nucleus:PROTONS &NEUTRONS

ELECTRON CLOUD

What is an Element?

• An element is a substance made up of ONE type of atom, EX:

What is an Element?

• Nearly 100 naturally-occurring elements (plus nearly 20 more synthetic ones)

• All known elements organized in Periodic Table

What is an Element?

Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H),

and Nitrogen (N) make up 96% of the human body:

10,000,000,000+ cells

1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000+ atoms

Meet the Elements: Iodine • Needed by humans and other higher animals

for thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism

• Today, most salt is “iodized”

Meet the Elements: Neon • Chemically ‘inert’ (does not react)• Produces red-orange light in ‘neon’ signs—

also used in T.V. tubes

Meet the Elements: Carbon

• A building-block of all organisms—also makes up graphite and diamonds

Meet the Elements: Iron

• Common metal used in industry• Helps red blood cells bind and

carry oxygen through body

Meet the Elements: Calcium

• Most abundant metal in most animals• “Builds strong bones” (99% of human

Calcium is stored in bones and teeth) and helps blood clotting

What is an Ion?

• An atom that has lost or gained electrons to take on a positive or negative charge

Na+A Sodium ion

Cl-A Chloride ion

How do Atoms Combine?

Atoms link together by forming chemical BONDS

Two main types of bonds:

1. Ionic Bonds Based on the electrical force between oppositely-charged ions

2. Covalent Bonds Electrons are shared between atoms

What is a Molecule?

Two or more atoms are joined by COVALENT bonds to form a MOLECULE

What is a Compound?

Compounds are molecules made up of atoms of DIFFERENT elements bonded together

H₂OCO₂

SiO₄NaCl

How are Elements Organized?

Periodic Table

There are 3 main types of elements in the Periodic Table:

Atomic Number: Number of Protons

Avg. Atomic Mass: Number of Protons + Neutrons

Symbol

Full Name

How are Elements Organized?

How are Elements Organized?

Atomic Number tells the number of PROTONS and ELECTRONS in the atom

Atomic Mass tells the number of PROTONS plus the amount of NEUTRONS since these are the only two particles with a significant mass.

1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Elements are arranged in the Periodic Table order of Atomic Number.

Now, some Periodic Math!

How many protons?

5How many electrons?

5How many neutrons? (round atomic mass to nearest whole number—11)?

6BORON

ATOMIC NUMBER

PROTONS

NEUTRONS

ATOMIC MASS

ELEMENT

10 20 Ne3 4 Li1 1 H

10

103 701

Understanding Check!

• Which of the following is made up of CELLS?

Understanding Check!

• Which of the following is made up of ATOMS?

Understanding Check!

Three particles of the ATOM?

1.Proton

2.Neutron

3.Electron

Understanding Check!

Compound, Ion, Element, or Molecule…?

OOxygen

O¯Oxide CO₂

Carbon Dioxide

O₃Ozone

Understanding Check!

IONIC BOND or COVALENT BOND?

Na + Cl¯ = NaCl+

C + O₂ = CO₂

THE END