Bell ringer 1.What were important characteristics describing the Middle colonies? 2.Next, list all four of the colonies and tell me one unique characteristic.

Bell ringer1. What were

important characteristics describing the Middle colonies?

2. Next, list all four of the colonies and tell me one unique characteristic about each.

SIT WITH THE COLONY YOU ENDED LAST CLASS PERIOD!

VIRGINAMARYLAND

NORTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINA

GEORGIAI will be able to see on your paper if you sit

with the wrong group!

The Middle Colonies•New York •New Jersey•Pennsylvania•Delaware~ Characterized by: Breadbasket Colonies

Diverse Ethnic Groups

Shipping & Trade Cash Crop of GRAIN

• When England and the Dutch Empires went to war, the American colony was the main target of the King of England.

• The goal was to close the gap between the N.E. colonies in the North and the Chesapeake (Southern) Colonies in the South

• New Netherland was to be taken by the King’s brother…the Duke of York

• He floated up to the harbor at the tip of Manhattan and without a fight, took the City from Stuyvesant.

• In 1664 he became the Proprietor of NEW YORK• Prospered greatly as the English most diverse of all the colonies.• Greatest harbors in the world at the time.

PENNSYLVANIA…1636

DELAWARE…1636

NEW YORK…1607

MIDDLE COLONIES

NEW JERSEY…1620

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

• The Duke granted two of his friends land in modern day New Jersey

• Established for religious freedom• Developed a charger that created a toleration law• Many diverse people came and made the two men rich• The King bought out the men and made a Royal colony

• Swedish traders founded it on the lower Delaware river• Established by the Swedes for $$$• Fur Trade and grain farming• Hostile takeover by Peter Stuyvesant and the Dutch in

1655• Eventually governed by Penn. For their access to the

Atlantic ocean

• King Charles owed William Penn’s Father a debt.• Penn got a land grant to become a PROPRIETOR over a colony.• He brought 2000 colonists• Established Philadelphia as the capital city. Means = “City of Brotherly Love”• Penn was a Quaker…a radical form of Protestantism• They sought an “inner light” to understand the Bible• Equality for all was key to their faith, including N.A.• With religious toleration and peace with the N.A., Pennsylvania prospers• Fertile land/ Navigable river/ just need added to the ocean?• Temperate climate for growing GRAIN (cash crop)• Colony multiples = 18,000 inhabitants by 700• Delaware connection? • William Penn leased the land to create a harbor and access to the sea for

Pennsylvania.• Ruled both colonies with the same Governor and assembly

DEVELOPINGthe

SOUTHERN COLONIES

The Southern Colonies • Virginia

• Maryland• N. Carolina• S. Carolina• Georgia~ Characterized by: Large Plantations SLAVE LABOR

Cash Crops of Rice, Indigo, & TOBACCO

South: Plantationville• Long, hot, humid summers, heavy rainfall• CASH CROPS:

• Tobacco• Indigo• Rice

• Barrels of tobacco were sent downriver to the coast= less major port cities then N.E or Middle colonies

MARYland• Refuge for Catholics: religious tolerance• Lord Baltimore Jr. is granted charter

• Settlers given land: extra acres for every child and servant he brought: PULL factors

• Excellent water ways: Potomac River= easy trade• Great source for fish, oysters, crabs,• Religious toleration attracts Protestants • TOLERATION ACT 1649: guaranteed religious

tolerance for all Christians

Virginia• 1st successful English Settlement:

• John Smith/Pocahontas/ Captain Newport• Survived two “starving times” with help from

Powhatans• John Rolfe brought tobacco and made Jamestown a

success

• Virginia House of Burgesses: • 1st Representative Assembly in 1619• Adult/Male/White/Land Owning/Church Members

North and South Carolina

• North Carolina: Settled by outspread of Virginians

• Needed more land for farming tobacco and corn

• Most democratic colony

• Pirates made them a safety port

• South Carolina:• Pulled people from the

West Indies• Brought indigo • Rice

• Used African slaves to grow rice and tend cattle

• Had thick, pine forests• Supplied English navy

with lumber, tar and pitch

• Slow growth, humid and swampy,• Large amounts of land offered to noblemen

Georgia: colony for the poor

• 1732: James Oglethorpe founded Georgia

• Refuge for debtors• Eng. Gov. wanted to make it

a military outpost “BUFFER”

• Spanish in Florida• French in Louisiana

• Oglethorpe= strict rules• King made it a royal colony in

1752

Southern ColoniesMarylandRefuge for Catholics, yet inhabited by more Protestants. Religious freedom / Lord Baltimore= proprietorNorth CarolinaRefuge for pirates / great place to get Timber to build boats. Tar was a byproduct of tobacco / Naval Stores were main export. Religious FreedomSouth CarolinaCotton & Rice dominated this region. Large plantations for crops and much needed labor = SLAVERY. Aristocracy of the New World /Charles TownGeorgiaRefuge for debtors. James Oglethorpe was the proprietor. Military buffer against the Spanish & NA in Florida and the French to the west.

The 1st SUCCESSFUL English settlement • John Smith / Pocahontas / Captain Newport• Survived brutal winter starving conditions twice with help from the Powhatten Indians.• Made a success after JOHN ROLFE brought the cash crop of TOBACCO.• Population grew quickly due to free land / many indentured servants created labor force.• 1st REPRESENTATIVE ASSMEBLY in history in 1619 with the formation of the Virginia House

of Burgesses.• Only for ADULT / MALE/ WHITE /LAND OWNING / CHURCH MEMBERS

NORTH CAROLINA…1677

GEORGIA…1732

MARYLAND…1634VIRGINIA…1607

SOUTHERN COLONIES

SOUTH CAROLINA…1670

Refuge for pirates / great place to get Timber to build boats / Tar was a byproduct of tobacco / Naval Stores were main export / Very Democratic people / Religious Freedom

Rice, Indigo, Tobacco, & Wine were the main cash crops / Large plantations meant a much needed labor force = SLAVERY / Aristocracy brought by the French Huguenots

Refuge for debtors. James Oglethorpe was the proprietor. Military buffer against the Spanish & NA in Florida and the French to the west

Refuge for Catholics, yet inhabited by more Protestants. Religious freedom / Lord

Baltimore= proprietor 1st TOLERATION ACT

Reviewing the

13 Colonies

1. Why were people motivated to go?

Motivations for founding the English colonies in America:

1.Religious Freedom2.Riches3.Land4.Commercial trade

Colonizing the New World•PUSH / PULL Factors

• PUSH: Religious persecution, Overcrowding, Unjust governing, over taxed

• PULL: Money$$$, Land, Freedom, Frontier, Glory

Jamestown (Virginia)• Founded in 1607, Jamestown was the first

successful English settlement in America.

• Why was Jamestown successful?

#1

New England Colonies

•Connecticut•Rhode Island•Massachusetts•New Hampshire~ Characterized by: Puritan Religious Values Fishing, Shipping, & Trade Subsistence Farming

• The Puritans came in masses to New England / John Winthrop was their governor, “We shall be as a city upon a hill.”

• Strict people / incredible work ethic / no starving time / Established the 1st full REPUBLIC system of self governing

• Created our 1st forms of PUBLIC EDUCATION…Desired their children to read the BIBLE.• Didn’t believe in TOLERATION for other religious groups / religious freedom only for Puritans.• Drove off many people due to harshness of trying to attain perfection.• Eventually, educated themselves out of existence

Plymouth…1620Pilgrims brought saints & strangers that needed to be governed…

The MAYFLOWER COMPACT= 1st Self Governing document in American history. Started the legacy.

MASSACHUSSETTS…1630

CONNECTICUT…1636• Thomas Hooker established a farming community where

he could preach as he wished.• Established our 1st WRITTEN CONSTITUTION…the

Fundamental Orders, which est. rules and rights for everyone.

RHODE ISLAND…1636• Roger Williams was driven out of

Mass. for contrary opinions• Established a SEPARATION of

CHURCH & STATE• Allowed religious toleration

NEW HAMPSHIRE & MAINE …1629• Established with religious toleration / recruited many middle class with free land opportunities• Economy based on timber, trade, & shipping / NOT SIGNIFICANT to colonial make-up

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

The Middle Colonies•New York •New Jersey•Pennsylvania•Delaware~ Characterized by: Breadbasket Colonies

Diverse Ethnic Groups

Shipping & Trade Cash Crop of GRAIN

• When England and the Dutch Empires went to war, the American colony was the main target of the King of England.

• The goal was to close the gap between the N.E. colonies in the North and the Chesapeake (Southern) Colonies in the South

• New Netherland was to be taken by the King’s brother…the Duke of York

• He floated up to the harbor at the tip of Manhattan and without a fight, took the City from Stuyvesant.

• In 1664 he became the Proprietor of NEW YORK• Prospered greatly as the English most diverse of all the colonies.• Greatest harbors in the world at the time.

PENNSYLVANIA…1636

DELAWARE…1636

NEW YORK…1607

MIDDLE COLONIES

NEW JERSEY…1620

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

• The Duke granted two of his friends land in modern day New Jersey

• Established for religious freedom• Developed a charger that created a toleration law• Many diverse people came and made the two men rich• The King bought out the men and made a Royal colony

• Swedish traders founded it on the lower Delaware river• Established by the Swedes for $$$• Fur Trade and grain farming• Hostile takeover by Peter Stuyvesant and the Dutch in

1655• Eventually governed by Penn. For their access to the

Atlantic ocean

• King Charles owed William Penn’s Father a debt.• Penn got a land grant to become a PROPRIETOR over a colony.• He brought 2000 colonists• Established Philadelphia as the capital city. Means = “City of Brotherly Love”• Penn was a Quaker…a radical form of Protestantism• They sought an “inner light” to understand the Bible• Equality for all was key to their faith, including N.A.• With religious toleration and peace with the N.A., Pennsylvania prospers• Fertile land/ Navigable river/ just need added to the ocean?• Temperate climate for growing GRAIN (cash crop)• Colony multiples = 18,000 inhabitants by 700• Delaware connection? • William Penn leased the land to create a harbor and access to the sea for

Pennsylvania.• Ruled both colonies with the same Governor and assembly

The Southern Colonies • Virginia

• Maryland• N. Carolina• S. Carolina• Georgia~ Characterized by: Large Plantations SLAVE LABOR

Cash Crops of Rice, Indigo, & TOBACCO

The 1st SUCCESSFUL English settlement • John Smith / Pocahontas / Captain Newport• Survived brutal winter starving conditions twice with help from the Powhatten Indians.• Made a success after JOHN ROLFE brought the cash crop of TOBACCO.• Population grew quickly due to free land / many indentured servants created labor force.• 1st REPRESENTATIVE ASSMEBLY in history in 1619 with the formation of the Virginia House

of Burgesses.• Only for ADULT / MALE/ WHITE /LAND OWNING / CHURCH MEMBERS

NORTH CAROLINA…1677

GEORGIA…1732

MARYLAND…1634VIRGINIA…1607

SOUTHERN COLONIES

SOUTH CAROLINA…1670

Refuge for pirates / great place to get Timber to build boats / Tar was a byproduct of tobacco / Naval Stores were main export / Very Democratic people / Religious Freedom

Rice, Indigo, Tobacco, & Wine were the main cash crops / Large plantations meant a much needed labor force = SLAVERY / Aristocracy brought by the French Huguenots

Refuge for debtors. James Oglethorpe was the proprietor. Military buffer against the Spanish & NA in Florida and the French to the west

Refuge for Catholics, yet inhabited by more Protestants. Religious freedom / Lord

Baltimore= proprietor 1st TOLERATION ACT

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GRUDGEBALL!•Each team gets 10 “x’s”•Goal of the game: get everyone else off of the board

•How to play:• Each group gets one question. • If you get the question wrong you lose 1 “x”• If they get it right they erase 2 “x’s” from the board (this can be any team or a couple of teams)

• BEFORE YOU DO THIS!!: you can increase your teams ability to win…

• By shooting a basket: 2 point line (take 4 x’s) 3 point line (5 x’s)

• If all points are lost you can still get back on the board by answer a question right and making a basket!