Bell Ringer: 1. Look at the map on page 72. Describe the area included in the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Viceroyalty of Peru? 2. How do you suppose dividing Spain’s vast empire into two units may have made it easier to govern? The Spanish and Native Americans Chapter 2, Section 3
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Bell Ringer: 1. Look at the map on page 72. Describe the area included in the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Viceroyalty of Peru? 2. How do you suppose.
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Bell Ringer:
1. Look at the map on page 72. Describe the area included in the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the
Viceroyalty of Peru?
2. How do you suppose dividing Spain’s vast empire into two units may have made it easier to govern?
The Spanish and Native Americans
Chapter 2, Section 3
As we have learned, the Spanish empire grew rapidlyThey controlled much of the Americas by 1700
Spain divided its American empire into two provincesViceroyalty (key term!), ruled by a viceroy
New SpainPeru
How did roads help the Spanish?Transported people and goods across the empireHelped Spanish control the colonies
Soldiers could move quickly from place to placeImproved the economy
Materials, like gold and silver, could be transported efficiently to the coast, and then on to Spain
Spanish Colonies in the Americas
Spain wanted the colonies to be productiveEncomienda
Grant of Native American laborCortés received a grant of more than 100,000
Native Americans to work his estate
HaciendasLarge farms, grew cash crops
Life in Spanish America
1. Spanish-born colonistsTop layer of society, had the most powerExample – Hernando Cortés
2. CreolesPeople of Spanish descent who were born in the
colonies (in New Spain or Peru)
3. MestizosPeople of mixed Spanish and Native American
ancestry
4. Native Americans and enslaved AfricansHad the least power and fewest rights
Colonial Society
Look at the map on page 72 in your textbook.
Which viceroyalty included the West Indies?New Spain
Which viceroyalty covered more territory?Peru
Observe the large distance between the cities of Mexico City and Lima. What kinds of problems might the distance
cause for administrators in each city?They could not keep in touch with distant areas or
send supplies/troops quickly
Spain’s American Empire, 1700
An important part of Spanish societyMissions
Settlements that included a church, a town, and farmlands
Goal was to convert Native Americans to Christianity
Also increased Spanish control over the land
The Role of the Church
Helped the Native Americans to create a better supply of food
Offered Native Americans protection against enemies
Many Native Americans learned to read and write
Others developed skills such as carpentry and metalworking
Benefits of the Missionaries to Native Americans
Native Americans were often treated as slaves – made to do work
They tried to replace Native American religions and traditions
Native Americans ran away, rebelledPopé – led the Pueblo Indians in a rebellion
against the Spanish at Santa Fe
Downsides of Missionaries
Nombre de DiosBuilt in 1565 in St. Augustine, FL
San Antonio de ValeroIn San Antonio, TexasBetter known by what name?
CaliforniaFrom 1769-1845, there were 21 missions
establishedStretched from San Diego to San Francisco
(Sonoma Mission)
Spanish Missions in the US
PlantationsLarge farms that raised
cash crops, like sugarCrops then sent (exported)
to Europe
Columbus brought sugar cane to HispaniolaIdeal growing environmentRequired many workers
Taino people were forced to workThe plantations did well, but the Taino did not
Sugar Plantations Develop
Look at the painting on page 73 in your textbook.
How does the picture help explain why the Europeans used slaves to make sugar? It shows many people doing hard
work to make sugar.
More about Sugar - Today, sugar remains an important product in many former
Spanish colonies in the Americas. The economies of some countries in those regions, such as Cuba, are heavily dependent on the success of each year’s sugar cane crop. Do you know - what local company was very invested in the sugar
industry in Cuba?
History through Art
Native Americans treated poorly
Bartolomé de Las CasasCatholic priestArrived in Hispaniola in 1502Participated in the conquest of Cuba in 1512
For his effort, he was given an encomiendaMoral dilemma – why?
How can a person serve God and enslaveNative Americans at the same time?
The Abuse of Native Americans
Fought for better treatment of Native AmericansFreed his Native Americans in 1514“Protector of the Indians”
Efforts of Las Casas contributed to the New LawsSpanish king issued the New Laws in 1542Ordered the gradual freeing of all enslaved
Native AmericansWho protested?
Spanish colonistsWhat happened?
King eventually reversed many of them
Las Casas and the New Laws
Movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres
The Columbian Exchange
Negative Effects?Transfer of germs from Europe to the Americas
Smallpox, measles, and influenzaNative Americans had no immunity
Population of Native Americans in Central America decreased by 90-95% in span of 100 years (1519-1619)
What might have happened if Native Americans had been immune to European diseases?
Positive Effects?Brought the world closer; people moved and spread
culturesEuropean livestock and crops to the AmericasAmerican crops aided the European diet
Potatoes and cornWhat positive effect did these two crops have on the
Europeans?
The Columbian Exchange
Viceroyalty – a province ruled by a viceroy, who ruled in the king’s name
Encomienda – a grant of Native American laborHacienda – a large farm or estateMission – a settlement created by the Church in order
to convert Native Americans to ChristianityPopé – led the Pueblo Indians in a rebellion against the
Spanish in present-day New MexicoPlantation – a large farm that raises cash cropsBartolomé de Las Casas – fought for better treatment
of Native AmericansColumbian Exchange – the transfer of plants,
animals, and diseases between the Western and the Eastern hemispheres