Beijing Platform for Action Review of key trends from 2007 to 2012
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Beijing Platform for Action
Review of key trends from 2007 to 2012
Main policies: Europe 2020, 20 million out of poverty (European Platform against Poverty)
Strategy for equality between women and men 2010- 2015European Year for combating poverty and social exclusion (2010)
Women and poverty (A)
17% of total population at risk of poverty ( 0.2 p.p. higher since 2007), Gender gap of 1%
At risk of poverty rate increased for:Young people 24%, gender gap of 1.6 p.p.Elderly women at 16% ( from12% )Single men at 25% ( from 22%)
Women and poverty
Recent trends:New forms of social benefitsSupport to women’s access to employment
(single parents, entrepreneurship)Reforming pension contributions
Women and poverty
Main policies:Europe 2020Employment Guidelines Horizon 2020
Education and training for women (B)
Women university graduates 59% (unchanged)Women graduates in science, mathematics, computing 42% (from 40%)Graduates in engineering, manufacturing and construction 28% (from 24%)
Gender gap among postgraduate level decreasing: 53% of men (from 54%)
Education and training for women
Percentage of women and men of all ISCED 5 and 6-graduates, EU-28, 2012
Source: Calculation based on Eurostat, Education statistics (educ_grad5)
Recent trends:Targeted measures in education and training, including gender stereotypesMainstreaming gender in educational policies and school curricula Programmes for girls from disadvantaged groups
Education and training for women
Main policies:Council conclusions on Equality and Health in all Policies Resolution of the EP on reducing health inequalities in the EU Communication Social Investment Package of the EC
Women and Health (C)
Decreased number of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases Increased unhealthy behaviour among womenSmall gender gaps regarding unmet medical examination needs
Women and Health
Recent trends:Prevention decreased maternal and infant healthDecreased legal abortionsTargeted measures enabling access to healthcare for specific groups of womenGender specific health and rehabilitation programmes
Women and Health
Main policies:‘Comprehensive Approach to the EU implementation ofthe United Nations Security Specific measures enabling access to healthcare for Council Resolutions 1325 and 1820 on women, peace and security’ (Council of the EU)‘Resolution on the implementation of the European Security Strategy and the Common and Defence Policy (CSDP) (EP), and 2 other resolutions
Women and Armed Conflict (E)
20% of the aid to peace and security sector has a gender dimension5% women in UN peace keeping operations10% in Common Security and Defence Policy missions
Women and Armed Conflict
Percentage of women among the asylum seekers in EU
Source: Eurostat, Decisions on applications and resettlement (migr_asydcfsta)
Main policies:Women’s Charter (COM (2010) European Commission’s Strategy for equality between
women and men (2010-2015)Directive (COM(2012)614 final) on improving the gender
balance among non-executive directors of companies listed on stock exchanges and related measures
Women in Power and Decision-making (G)
Cross-cutting area in the Beijing Platform for Action:
Area G Decision-makingArea B Education and TrainingArea E Armed ConflictArea J MediaArea K Environment
Women in Power and Decision-making (G)
Sector Women’s representation (%)
Academia Grade C posts 44% 2014
Grade B posts 37% 2014
Grade A posts 20% 2014
Diplomatic and military sectors Staff in peace-keeping operations 6% 2011
Heads of diplomatic missions 17% 2011
Environment Senior ministers 19% 2013
EU/international Social partners 23% 2013
European Parliament 37% 2013
European Commissioners 32% 2013
Decision-making
Sector Women’s representation (%)
Political National or federal parliaments 27% 2013
Junior or senior ministers 25% 2013
Social Supreme courts 35% 2013
Media 32% 2012
Economic National central bank 18% 2013
Executive boards 12% 2013
Non-executive boards 19% 2013
Decision-making
Main policies:European Protection OrderVictim’s DirectiveCouncil conclusions (3 sets)Resolutions of the EP (2)Daphne III and PROGRESS (EC)
Commission’s Strategy for equality between women and men 2010-2015.
Violence against women (D)
Recent trends:
Priority for all Member StatesMajority of MS adopted NAPsMore data available through national and European surveys, studies at EU levelProgrammes for perpetrators gained more recognition Training for professionals more widely availableIncreased cooperation with NGOs
Violence against women
Women are three times more likely to experience sexual harassment at the workplace (Eurofound, 2002)
One in 3 women has experienced some form of physical or sexual violence since the age of 15 in the EU (FRA, 2014) … this is equivalent to 60 million women!
Violence against women
Main policies: Parental Leave Directive (Council Directive 2010/18)Directive .... in a self-employed capacity (2010/41)‘Integrated Europe 2020 guidelines’Structural Funds regulations (2014-2020 )Horizon 2020
Women and Economy (F)
Cross-cutting area in the Beijing Platform for Action:
Area A PovertyArea B Education and TrainingArea F Economy
Women and Economy
Women’s employment continues to fall short of the Europe 2020 target
Women and Economy
62%
54%
75% 72%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Employmentrate
Full-timeequivalent
Employmentrate
Full-timeequivalent
Women Men
62%
75%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Employmentrate
Full-timeequivalent
Employmentrate
Full-timeequivalent
Women Men
Employment in the EU by sex, 2012, 20-64
Europe 2020 target: 75 %
Women’s employment continues to fall short of the Europe 2020 target
Unequal distribution of part-time work
Women and Economy
EU-280%
25%
50%
75%
100%
76%
24%
Women Men
Share of part-time work by sex in the EU-28, 2012, 15-64
Women’s employment continues to fall short of the Europe 2020 target
Unequal distribution of part-time work
Segregation in education transposes into labour market segregation
Women and Economy
0 20 40 60 80 100
Construction
Industry
Information and communication
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Wholesale and retail trade
Professional, scientific, technical, administrative activities
Real estate activities
Financial and insurance activities
Arts, entertainment and recreation, other
Public administration, education, health, social work
Women Men
Sectoral segregation in the EU-28, 2012
0 20 40 60 80 100
Craft and related trades workers
Machine operators, assemblers
Managers
Skilled agricultural workers
Technicians and associate professionals
Professionals
Elementary occupations
Service and sales workers
Clerical support workers
Women Men
Occupational segregation in the EU-28, 2012
Gender gaps in income, earnings and pensions in the EU-28
5 %
16 %
39 %
0
20
40
60
Gender gap in meanequivalised net income
(2011)
Gender Pay Gap (2011) Gender gap in pensions(2009)
5 %
16 %
0
20
40
60
Gender gap in meanequivalised net income
(2011)
Gender Pay Gap (2011) Gender gap in pensions(2009)
5 %
0
20
40
60
Gender gap in meanequivalised net income
(2011)
Gender Pay Gap (2011) Gender gap in pensions(2009)
Increased legal and institutional commitment of Member States to gender mainstreaming (47% compared to 36%)
Improved production and dissemination of statistics disaggregated by sex
Shift towards legal aspects of discrimination
Gender equality at risk of marginalisation
Institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women (H)
Legal obligations to use gender mainstreaming methods by Member States, 2013
EIGE, Effectiveness of Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Gender Equality, 2014. Data were collected in January-April 2013.
Main policies:Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)European Pact for equality between women and men (2011-2020)Directives connected to violence against womenDirective on self-employmentDirective 2011/92/EU on combating the sexual abuse, sexual exploitation of children and child pornography
Human Rights of Women (I)
Main policies:legislative proposal on improving the gender balance among the non-executive directories of companies listed on stock exchanges European Disability Strategy 2010 – 2020
Human Rights of Women
Structural and institutional barriers for women accessing JusticeRestrictive legislation curbs women’s access to reproductive rights
Human Rights of Women
Main policies:Audio-visual Media Services Directive Council conclusions (2013)
Women and the Media (J)
Increased employment in the media (44%)68% graduates in journalism and information courses 32% in top positions26% on boards of EU media organisations
Women and the Media
More women obtaining degrees in subjects related to the environment but less in those related to energy and transportStronger support for women’s access to science and technology education and careers
Women and the Environment (K)
Main policies:EU Agenda for the Rights of the ChildDirective 2011/36/EU on Preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims; Directive 2011/92/EU on Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography
The Girl Child (L)
Recent trends:Closing gender gap in performance in mathematics and Scientific literacy Sex and relationship education tends to focus on health issues Girls’ negative perception of their bodies: 40 % compared with 22 % of boys
The Girl Child
Violence against women (D)Women and Economy (F)Institutional, mechanisms for the advancement of
Women (H)Women and the Media (J)Women and the Environment (K)
Available on
www. eige.europa.eu
EIGE’s reports reviewing BPfA
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