Behrman Chapter 5, 6 Place less emphasis on… • Minor anatomical landmarks and features • Extrinsic muscles of the larynx • Blood supply to the larynx • Central motor control of larynx • Peripheral Sensory control of larynx • Stress-Strain Properties of Vocal Folds
Behrman Chapter 5, 6. Place less emphasis on… Minor anatomical landmarks and features Extrinsic muscles of the larynx Blood supply to the larynx Central motor control of larynx Peripheral Sensory control of larynx Stress-Strain Properties of Vocal Folds. Laryngeal Activity in Speech/Song. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Behrman Chapter 5, 6
Place less emphasis on…
• Minor anatomical landmarks and features
• Extrinsic muscles of the larynx
• Blood supply to the larynx
• Central motor control of larynx
• Peripheral Sensory control of larynx
• Stress-Strain Properties of Vocal Folds
Laryngeal Activity in Speech/Song
• Sound source to excite the vocal tract– Voice– Whisper
• Prosody– Fundamental frequency (F0) variation– Amplitude variation
• Jitter: variability in the period of each successive cycle of vibration
• Shimmer: variability in the amplitude of each successive cycle of vibration
…
Jitter and Shimmer
Sources of jitter and shimmer• Small structural asymmetries
of vocal folds• “material” on the vocal folds
(e.g. mucus)• Biomechanical events, such as
raising/lowering the larynx in the neck
• Small variations in tracheal pressures
• “Bodily” events – system noise
Measuring jitter and shimmer• Variability in measurement
approaches• Variability in how measures are
reported• Jitter
– Typically reported as % or msec– Normal ~ 0.2 - 1%
• Shimmer– Can be % or dB– Norms not well established
Vocal Register
What is a vocal register?
Vocal Registers
Pulse (Glottal fry)– 30-80 Hz, mean ~ 60 Hz– Closed phase very long (90 % cycle)– May see biphasic pattern of vibration (open,
close a bit, open and close completely)– Low subglottal pressure (2 cm water)– Energy dies out over the course of a cycle so
parts of the cycle has very little energy– Hear each individual cycle
Vocal Registers
Modal– VF are relatively short and thick – Reduced VF stiffness– Large amplitude of vibration– Possesses a clear closed phase– The result is a voice that is relatively loud and
low in pitch – Average values cited refer to modal register
Vocal Registers
Falsetto– 500-1100 Hz (275-600 Hz males)– VF are relatively long and thin– Increased VF stiffness– Small amplitude of vibration– Vibration less complex– Incomplete closure (no closed phase)– The result is a voice that is high in pitch