Slide 1 BEHAVIORAL BASELINES AND VERBAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS Mark A. Anderson Director of Training Anderson Investigative Associates www.AndersonInvestigative.com [email protected]912-571-6686 Anderson Investigative Associates ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 2 Contact Information Mark A. Anderson Director of Training and Development, AIA Special Agent, DOJ/OIG, Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy Detailed to FLETC/DHS, originally in Behavioral Science Division for last three years Former Special Agent, DOJ, FBI, NRC, and as a Deputy Inspector General and Director of Internal Audit in NYS. (30 plus years) Director of Security, Pyramid Corporation Contact Information (912) 882-5857 ~ Office (912) 571-6686 ~ Mobile [email protected]___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 3 AIA Programs Programs for Interviewers Advanced Interviewing and Interrogation Employee Misconduct Investigations Subject Elimination Interviews Recorded Interviews Sworn Statements Custom Designed programs See our website for prospective courses and program information ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________
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BEHAVIORS VERBAL AND PHYSICAL AIA Programs 13 Baseline Behavior DETERMINE BASELINE ILLUSTRATORS, MANIPULATORS, AND SPEECH . Anderson Investigative Associates ...
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Slide 1 BEHAVIORAL BASELINES AND
VERBAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS
Mark A. AndersonDirector of Training
Anderson Investigative Associateswww.AndersonInvestigative.com
See our website for prospective courses and program information
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Slide 4 Topics Covered Today
• Determine baseline illustrators, manipulators, and speech.
• Establish a behavioral baseline with biographical data and rapport.
• Identify verbal cues of deception.
• Identify non verbal cues of deception, including eye accessing cues.
Anderson Investigative Associates
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Slide 5
Where do they learn these things?Anderson Investigative Associates
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Slide 6 How good are we at reading
body language?
• Let’s look at non-verbals on their own
• Then let’s assess our ability with non-verbals and verbals together.
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Slide 7 We need to listen well- in silence
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Slide 8 Which worked better?
• As trained interviewers we are only about 51% accurate at reading non-verbals.
• Combined with verbals we are in the 80% range with good listening.
• We must optimize our ability to observe and read behavior in interviews.
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Slide 9 Is Room Setup Important?
Ideal set up
Obstacles Desks
Conference Tables
Low Sofas
What Else?
Clothing?
Don’t downplay the significance!
Does this make you uncomfortable?
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W
I
S
Door
Room Dynamics
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Slide 10 Note taking and listening
• Secondary interviewer should take notes
• Don’t write while interviewee is talking
– Lose ability to observe non-verbals
– Decreases ability to actively listen
• Listen to answer, seek to understand, record
• Don’t interrupt narrative responses
– Interviewee will truncate answers
– By listening, earn the right to talk
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Slide 11 J. Solari DATE/TIME
Case number: 123456
S/Doe, John p. 1
J. Solari DATE/TIMECase number: 123456S/Doe, John p. 1
W left for JAX with a
friend in the morning.
What time?
Friend
name?
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Slide 12 We Must Establish Baseline Behavior
“You can’t know what someone looks or sounds like when they are lying if you first don’t know what they look or sound like when they are telling the truth.”
Anderson Investigative Associates
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Slide 13
Baseline Behavior
DETERMINE BASELINE ILLUSTRATORS, MANIPULATORS, AND SPEECH.
Anderson Investigative Associates
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Slide 14 Baseline Behavior
“Meharabian Rule”
• Dr. Albert Meharabian, Professor Emeritus of Psychology at UCLA
◦ Time from interviewer’s last word to interviewee’s first word
Truthful responses: .5 seconds
Untruthful response: 1.5 seconds
◦ Straightforward question should not produce a delayed response
“Did you look at child pornography on your computer?”
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Slide 25
Baseline Behavior
ESTABLISH A BASELINE WITH BIOGRAPHICAL DATA AND RAPPORT.
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Slide 26 Baseline Behavior
• Biographical Data
–Go over personal data to establish baseline
• Records checks
• If you know personal info
–Ask about information you already possess to test for truthfulness and baseline
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Slide 27 Baseline Behavior • Rapport
– Proper rapport will help establish a baseline
– We learned early that rapport is to build trust and get the interviewee to want to talk with us• Also look for behavior norms both verbally and non-verbally
– Active listening and behavior observation is critical!
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Slide 28
Anderson Investigative Associates
One of the most important skills that an Interviewer can develop is the
ability to correctly assess nonverbal behaviors exhibited by suspects
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Slide 29 What causes these indicators?STRESS...
• Causes confusion
• Confusion causes mistakes
• Mistakes exhibit themselves nonverbally and verbally.
scratch, stroke, pick, pull at face, hands, or clothes
clear throat, sigh, yawn, shuffle, tap
• ALL THESE RELIEVE TENSION AND STRESS!!
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Slide 36 Physiological Indicators of Stress
• Clearing throat, coughing
• Licking lips, swallowing
• Yawning
• Shuffling/tapping feet
• Touching face/head
• Smoking
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Slide 37 SUCCESSFULLY READING PEOPLE
• Look at the big picture.
• Don’t rely on a single behavior or response.
• Look for changes from the baseline.Anderson Investigative Associates
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Slide 38
Baseline Behavior
IDENTIFY VERBAL CUES TO TRUTH VS. DECEPTION.
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Slide 39 Truthful Verbal Responses Are...
• Spontaneous
• Sincere
• Direct
• Concerned and helpful
• uses pronouns like “I”
or “my” to show commitment
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Slide 40 Truthful Verbal Denials Are...
• Spontaneous
• Direct
• Strong
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Slide 41 Types of Deception• Deception by concealment is one of the easiest for
the subject, as he or she doesn’t have to do anything. Everything they tell the investigator is the truth, it’s just not the whole truth.
• Deception by equivocation happens when a subject simply answers a question without actually answering the question. This is also known as “dodging the issue”.
• Deception by falsification is the most difficult type of deception for an interviewee to pull off. It requires creating fiction and it’s hard work. It’s also easier to make mistakes when inventing facts.
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Slide 42 Deceptive Responses Are...
• Guarded
• Insincere
• Evasive
• Appear unconcerned
• Sometimes lacking pronouns such as “I” or “my”
• No ownership
• Protecting themselves Anderson Investigative Associates
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Slide 43 Deceptive Denials
• Hesitation
• Repeats question
• Weak tone of voice
• Uses generalized responses (usually, generally, that’s about it)
• “To be honest….”
• Qualifiers (at this point in time, as far as I can remember)
• Overemphasis: “I swear to God!” “I swear on my Mother’s grave!”
• Spoken rapidly as if rushing through a lie.
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Slide 44
Ten Signs of Verbal Deception
• Lack of self-reference
• Verb tense
• Answering questions with questions
• Equivocation
• Oaths
• Euphemisms
• Alluding to actions
• Lack of Detail
• Narrative balance
• Mean Length of Utterance
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Slide 45 Listen to the words……
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Slide 46 Paul Buttafuoco (16 year old son of Joey and Mary Jo Buttafuoco -infamous for being part of a sordid Long Island love triangle) was arrested for allegedly shoplifting from Macy’s. Joey B., the father:
“I am sure that my son, who is a good boy, is innocent of an unusual event that could never have happened.”
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Slide 47
In “Dear Abby,” a response to a survey
regarding marriage fidelity:
“Married 66 years. I am 83 and have never cheated; my
husband is 89 and says he can’t remember.”
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Slide 48
House Speaker Newt Gingrich on issue of
what he said of first lady Hillary Rodham
Clinton:
“I never said - I never said - to the best of my knowledge, I
never said what you just said”
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Slide 49 Mrs. Buttafuoco, in response to
allegations her husband had sex with an
underage actress Amy Fischer:
“I choose to believe, based on the person that I know and the person
that I live with and the person that I spent many, many years with, and the person whose bed I share, that
he did not.”
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Slide 50 CAUTIONS WHEN EVALUATING
VERBALS
• CULTURE
• CHANGE
• CONTEXT
• CLUSTERSAnderson Investigative Associates
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Slide 51 CULTURE
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What behaviors are normal for a particular culture?
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Slide 52 CHANGE
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Are changes due to:
• Interviewer’s questions?
• Or, normal behavior pattern?
• MUST get a baseline to know!
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Slide 53 CONTEXT
Anderson Investigative Associates
Why did change occur?
Deceptive most often within 1-5 seconds after question
Consider environment, illness, hunger, fatigue etc.
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Slide 54 CLUSTERS
Anderson Investigative Associates
• Two or more nonverbal behaviors displayed within one to five seconds after a stressful or “key” question.
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Slide 55 THE TRUTH…?
• False face must hide what the false heart doth know.
(MacBeth)
• Watch out for the man whose stomach doesn’t move when he laughs.
(Chinese proverb)
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Slide 56 MORE TRUTH…
• He that has eyes to see and ears to hear, may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips; betrayal oozes out of every pore.