Behaviorism

BY: S T E F FA N I E M , RAC H E L S , & KA I T LY N N S

BEHAVIORISM

BEHAVIORISM

• The prediction and control of human behavior in which introspection and/or independent thinking play no essential part of its teaching methods.• A psychological approach that states that

behavior can be scientifically understood without reference to one's mental states.

KEY POINTS OF BEHAVIORISM

• Change in behavior is a result of experience (learning)

• The parsimony principal states that a person should always look for the simplest explanation.

• Anything can affect the environment, and therefore affect an individual.

• Any response to a stimulus is limited to any measurable behavior.

• Conditioning is the study of learning one's reflex responses and changing said responses based on the influence of an outside observer.

• Radical behaviorism states that the study of internal processes are impossible to study objectively and therefore irrelevant in understanding one's behavior.

• Equipotentiality is the principal that conditioning should apply to all behaviors and all species.

KEY PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH BEHAVIORISM

• Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)• His contribution to

behaviorism was the concept of Classical Conditioning. Which refers to the natural reflex that occurs in response to a stimulus.

• Pavlov proved through his experiment using dogs, that behaviors could be enforced through Classical Conditioning.

KEY PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH BEHAVIORISM

• B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)• Skinner’s contribution to

behaviorism was Operant Conditioning. Which describes learning that is controlled and results in shaping behavior through the reinforcement of stimulus-response patterns.

• Skinner proved this through his experiment with rats. In which he proved that behavior could be changed through reinforcement.

KEY PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH BEHAVIORISM

• Albert Bandura (1925- )• Bandura’s contribution

to behaviorism is Observational Modeling. Which is mimicking observed behavior.• Possibly the most

influential theory of learning and development.

CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS- TEACHER

• Teacher presents facts and skills

• Teacher- Centered• Text activities are put online• Lecture notes are put online• Teacher is the “expert” and

has all the answers• Focus on repetition,

reinforcement, and sequencing

• Positive and negative reinforcement

CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS- STUDENTS

• Breaking bad or old habits• Passive learning• Responds to stimuli • Works to receive

positive reinforcement • Participate in drill and

practice tutorials online• Focus on

memorization

CREDITS

• Pictures• Ivan Pavlov Photo-http://media.comicvine.com/uploads/6/62196/1868944-ivan_pavlov__nobel__large.png• B.F. Skinner Photo- http://www.davidsonfilms.com/images/B.F.%20Skinner.jpg• Albert Bandura photo- http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_

UxX47Z7XZ0E/S_bZWITLsLI/AAAAAAAAAPA/FGnnRJKtNys/s320/bandura.jpg• Classroom Photo- http://img.ehowcdn.com/article-new/ds-photo/getty/article/34/39/80704174_XS.jpg• Key Points Photo- http://www.student.chula.ac.th/~52407043/images/industrial%20revolution.jpg • Classroom Photo 2- http://www.funderstanding.com/gurus/beyond-goals-creating-an-inspiring-classroom/• Mouse Photo- http://blog.wsd.net/jreeve/behaviorism-not-as-dead-as-previously-thought /

• Sources

• Cherry, Kendra. "Pavlov's Dogs." About.com Psychology. About.com, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://psychology.about.com/od/classicalconditioning/a/pavlovs-dogs.htm>.

• Cherry, Kendra. "Social Learning Theory." About.com Psychology. About.com, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/sociallearning.htm>.

• McLeod, Saul. "Skinner - Operant Conditioning." B.F. Skinner. SimplyPsychology, 2007. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html>.

• Shelly, Gary B., Glenda A. Gunter, and Randolph E. Gunter. "Learning Theories and Educational Research." Teachers Discovering Computers: Integrating Technology in a Connected World. 7th ed. Boston, MA: Course Technology Cengage Learning, 2012. 257-80. Print.