Behavioral Learning Theory - University of Southern …ocean.otr.usm.edu/~w304828/Classical Conditioning.pdf · Behavioral Learning Theory John Watson ... and with Skinner Box Learning

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Behavioral Learning Theory

John Watson (1913)

APA Presidential Address

John Broadus Watson

� Father of American Behavioral Psychology

� Born in Greenville, SC

� Grandfather of Mariette Hartley

Mariette Hartley

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B. F. Skinner

(Burrhus Frederic) Skinner

Younger years

and with Skinner Box

Learning:

a relatively durable or permanent change in behavior that is the result

of experience.

2 Types of Learning or conditioning1. Classical Conditioning

2. Operant Conditioning(includes observational learning)

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Behavioral Learning Theory

Classical Conditioning:� Ivan _____??

Operant Conditioning:� Burrhus Frederic ______???

Classical Conditioning• reflexes• antecedent events

• based on the individual learning that 2 things (stimuli) go

together

Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

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p. 216

Classical Conditioning Terminology• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)• Unconditioned Response (UCR)

• Conditioned Response (CR)

• Stimulus Generalization

Pavlov’s Procedure

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Fig. 6-1, p. 217

Before Training/Conditioning

Food Salivation

Tone ???? (nothing)

During Training/Conditioning

Tone Food Salivation

After Training/Conditioning

Tone Food Salivation

Salivation

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Definitions:

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):

A stimulus that automatically elicits a response without any prior

conditioning or learning.

Unconditioned Response (UCR):That response that occurs automatically

to the UCS. It is an unlearned reaction/response to an UCS without

previous conditioning.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS):Is a previously neutral stimulus that,

through pairing with the UCS, also eventually elicits a response.

Conditioned Response (CR):

That response that occurs to the Conditioned Stimulus (CS). It is a

learned (i.e., conditioned)

reaction/response to the CS.

Pavlov’s Work

CS UCS UCR

CR

Tone Food Salivation

CS UCS UCR

CR

Salivation

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Eyeblink Studies

CS UCS UCR

CR

Tone Air Puff Eye Blink

CS UCS UCR

CR

Eye Blink

Watson & Rayner (1920)

Little Albert

CS UCS UCR

CR

John Watson & Rosalie Rayner

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White Loud

Rat Noise Fear/Anxiety

CS UCS UCR

CR

Fear/Anxiety

Why was Albert afraid of other white

furry things in addition to the rat??

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Significance of Watson & Rayner’sresearch with Little Albert??

Whatever happened to Little Albert??

Elevator Example

CS UCS UCR

CR

Elev. Falling Fear/Anxiety

CS UCS UCR

CR

Fear/Anxiety

Why did you get anxious and nervous

when bar got crowded??

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Systematic Desensitization

�Behavior Therapy procedure geared to dealing with phobias and

anxiety.

�Very Successful - approx 70%-90% effective/successful.

�Relatively brief - from 2 - 6 months for specific phobic responses.

�In Vivo.

End of Classical Conditioning