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ConstitutionConstitution

- $100- $100

They have low political efficacy, they would act by emotion and the majority will outcast the minority. (vice versa)

The Framers feared that leaving too much power in government to the people would be catastrophic because…

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The New Jersey Plan

What plan decided to create a much stronger constitution, in which the Articles of Confederation would be amended, not replaced?

- $300

A bicameral Legislative Branch, a Judicial Branch, as well as the new Executive Branch.

The new Constitution created what new branch(es) to help build a strong central government?

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Why did the anti-federalists oppose the Constitution so much?

They believed that a strong central government would take away the state’s rights and the governed would lose their voice.

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Federalist #10 & #51

What are the two federalist papers that Alexander Hamilton wrote that expanded the idea of a strong central government and that the people are factious?

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What are the three branches of government?

The Legislative, Judicial and Executive branches.

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One branch gaining too much power over the other

The framers created the checks and balances systems because they were afraid of…

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Judicial Review

What is the action that the Supreme Court gets to be able to check the actions of the Legislative and Executive?

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The Constitution states that the branches of government are given enumerated and implicit powers. What is an example of an enumerated power and an example of an implicit power?

Congress has the power to regulate commerce and coin money. Indirectly from the constitution Congress was able to fund a National Bank.

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The Senate

A treaty has recently been negotiated between the president and another nation, who will sign off on the treaty?

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21st Amendment

Which amendment gave the women the right to vote, officially making them as equal in politics?

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Amendments 13 to 15

What amendment(s) gave African Americans the right to vote and emancipate themselves by law?

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It meant that the African American had the same right to do as a white man/woman could do but separated them into sections.

In the Jim Crowe south, what did it mean for an African American to be “Separate but equal”?

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It ruled that separate public schools were a sign of inequality, therefore ruled unconstitutional. Started desegregation in education.

What did the Brown v. Board of Education court case do?

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It ruled that state laws against abortion were unconstitutional, giving women there freedom of fertility.

How did the Roe v. Wade court case help expand the voice of women?

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Being an incumbent

What factor increases a person’s chance of being elected into office the most?

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After a presidential election has concluded what votes determine

the new president?

Electoral Votes

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Why is it that the voter turnout rate has decreased in election

with in the last 50 years?

When the 28 amendment passed the voter age went down to 18 years old, therefore expanding the age by three years. The amount of teenagers that didn’t vote greatly affected the turnout rate.

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What does an incumbent have an advantage over the non-

incumbent in an election?

An incumbent has franking privilege, also has loyal voters, more influence on the media, and has experience in office.

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Does the popular vote influence the electoral vote?

Yes because what ever votes come from the popular vote from each state, the amount electoral votes that state has is granted towards the candidate who won that state.

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Hard money is limited by the federal government to a certain amount and can only be used for certain purposes. Soft money has no restrictions on it and can be used for multiple purposes such as campaign advertisements.

What is the distinction between hard and soft money?

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Because political parties are like factions, and factions usually fight or compete for their own good, not for the good of others.

Why did the framers fear political parties?

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They Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act,

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

What was the act that was passed to limit the amount of money a donor could give a politician?

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It increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns.

The Federal Election Campaign Act did what for PACS?

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To win elections

Political parties have a major goal. What is that major goal?

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House of Representatives and the Senate

Congress is composed of two houses. What are those two houses?

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HoR: The Speaker of the House

Senate: Majority Leader

What is the most important position in the House of Representatives and the most important in the Senate?

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Which house in Congress can start a filibuster? Which one can end it?

Only the Senate is allowed to start a filibuster and end it as well

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Congress (introduction), Committees (mark-up and report), Floor Debate, House or Senate (then to the opposite), if minor changes back to previous house, President for approval

When a bill is going through the process of becoming a law, in what order does it go when it is in Congress?

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Rules Committee (“Traffic Cop”)

What is the most important committee in Congress that is in charge of enforcing laws and organizing the agenda?