<Insert Picture Here> 1. Introduction – OTD 사사 사사사사사 for Oracle ACS & Partner 사사 [email protected] Oracle Fusion Middleware
May 20, 2015
<Insert Picture Here>
1. Introduction – OTD 사전 백그라운드for Oracle ACS & Partner
이범 [email protected] Oracle Fusion Middleware
Backgrounds knowledge For OTD
• Concept 측면의 기본 백그라운드• Network• Load Balancer• Proxy Server• HTTP Caching / Compression
• Support 측면의 기본 백그라운드• Exalogic Environments
• Installing to ZFS NAS Storage included in Exalogic• HA – keepalived(Linux) , VRRP(Solaris) • InfiniBand Partition
• OraInventory• Oracle Installer – X11(GUI), Silent install(Non
GUI)(OTD 11.1.1.7 / WLS 12.1.2 : Oracle Installer 채택 )
• Default OraInventory : Account’s Home Directory
This presentation
Demo Video / Labs
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Network?
• 백업 , 참고 슬라이드
• Load Balancer?
• Load Balancer 기본 동작 과정
• Load Balancer Summary
• Proxy Server
• HTTP Caching
• Oracle Web Tier Solutions
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Network
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Network Layer?
• L : OSI 7 Layer 의 약자 / 숫자 : OSI 7 Layer 의 해당 계층 의미• L2 Switch : Mac 주소 기반 / L3 Switch : IP 주소 기반• L4 Switch : TCP 포트 기반 • …
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Network Layer?
Data
TCP or UDPData
TCPHeader
IP PayloadData
IPHeader
FrameHeader
FrameData
FrameTailer
• 참고 URL : http://en.wikipedia.org• Path MTU 로 TCP/IP Packet 크기 결정되며
하나의 Data 가 TCP Packet 보다 크면Fragmentation 발생하여 여러 개의TCP Packet 으로 보냄
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Repeater
Cables
Router
Switch
L4
Firewall
Web Browser, TCP/IP Programs
L7, Firewall
OSI 7 Layer – Protocol Mapping
출처 : http://olooi.tistory.com/entry/OSI-7 계층
Bridges
Switch
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
백업 , 참고 슬라이드
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
OSI 7 Layer백업 , 참고 자료 1/2- Protocol Map
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
OSI 7 Layer백업 , 참고 자료 2/2- Protocol Map
출처 : protocols.com
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
참고 : TCP/IP/Ethernet Headerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_headerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4_header#Headerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Header
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Load Balancer?
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Load Balancer architecture 1/2
DNSexample.com x.x.x.11example.com x.x.x.12
Server
Server
OR
솔루션 : DNS 를 이용한 Scale-outSmart DNS 로 죽은 Server 를 제거할 수 있지만브라우저의 DNS caching 등으로 장애 대처 어려움
x.x.x.12
x.x.x.11
Server
example.comx.x.x.11
Server
솔루션 : Scale-up, 고비용 및 장애 ?
example.comx.x.x.11
LB
Server
Server
Server
솔루션 : Load Balancer 을 이용한 Scale-out일반적인 로드밸런싱 아키텍처
example.comx.x.x.11
Original ServersHealth Check
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Load Balancer architecture 2/2
LB
Server
Server
Server
LB
Server
Server
Server
DNS
example.com x.x.x.11example.com x.x.x.12
솔루션 : DNS 와 Load Balancer 을 이용한 Scale-out
x.x.x.11
x.x.x.12 Orig
inal
Ser
vers
Health
Che
ckO
rigin
al S
erve
rs
Health
Che
ck
OR LBStandby
LBMaster
LBStandby
LBMaster
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 1/3
LBActive
Server
Server
Server
example.comx.x.x.11 (VIP)
LBStandby
Original ServersHealth Check
• Load Balancer 를 통한 Scale-out• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서
Load Balancer 이중화 구성
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 2/3
LBActive
Server
Server
Server
example.comx.x.x.11 (VIP)
LBStandby
Ori
gin
al S
erve
rsH
ealt
h C
hec
k
• Load Balancer 를 통한 Scale-out• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서
Load Balancer 이중화 구성• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서
Global Service Load Balancer 이중화 구성
LBActive
Server
Server
ServerLB
Standby
GSLBActive
GSLBStandby
Ori
gin
al S
erve
rsH
ealt
h C
hec
k
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 3/3
LBActive
WebServer
WebServer
WebServer
example.comx.x.x.11 (VIP)
LBStandby
Ori
gin
al S
erve
rsH
ealt
h C
hec
k
Biz/CoreServer
Biz/CoreServer
Biz/CoreServer
Web TierWeb Servers
Business TierMiddleware
Mid
dlew
are Clu
stering
• Web Tier 와 Business Tier 에 대한 각각의 Load Balancer 를 통한 Scale-out• Web Tier 에 대한 Load Balancer 는 L4/L7 장비 또는 Software Load
Balancer 로 구성• Business Tier 에 대한 Load Balancer 는 각각의 미들웨어 제품의 연동 Module 로
구성
Ori
gin
al S
erve
rsH
ealt
h C
hec
k
Apache
iPlanet
OHS
L4, L7
NetScaler
OTD, HAProxy
WebLogic
jBoss
Tomcat
TCP
TCP
HTTP
HTTP
Plugin Module
Plugin Module
Plugin Module
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Load Balancer기본 동작 과정
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
TargetData
L4 Packet 처리 과정
L2
L4
L5
L6
L7
L3
DataH HHHH TH
DataHHHHH
DataHHHH
DataHHH
DataHH
DataH
L1
DataT
HHHHH H
Data
HHHH H
Data
HHHH
Data
HHH
DataHH
Data
H
Source Data TargetData
L2
L4
L5
L6
L7
L3
L1
L4 Switch
DataH H H H H TH
DataH H H H
DataH H H HH
Data HHHHHT H
Data HHHH H
Data HHHH
Decapsulation
Encapsulation
En
cap
su
lati
on
Encapsulation
Decap
sulatio
n
Decapsulation
DataH H HHH TH DataT
HHHHH H
L4 처리 : NAT or DSR
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
TargetData
Decapsulation
Decap
sulatio
n
Encapsulation
En
cap
su
lati
on
L7 Packet 처리 과정
L2
L4
L5
L6
L7
L3
L1
Source Data TargetData
L2
L4
L5
L6
L7
L3
L1
L7 Switch
DataH H H H H TH
DataH H H H
DataH H H HH
DataH H H
DataH H
DataH
Data HHHHHT H
Data HHHH H
Data HHHH
Data HHH
Data HH
Data H
Decapsulation
Encapsulation
DataH H HHH TH DataT
HHHHH H
DataH HHHH TH
DataHHHHH
DataHHHH
DataHHH
DataHH
DataH
DataT
HHHHH H
Data
HHHH H
Data
HHHH
Data
HHH
DataHH
Data
H
L4 처리 : NAT or DSRL7 처리 : URL, Content, Caching
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
TargetData
Encapsulation
En
cap
su
lati
on
OTD 처리 과정 – Socket Direct Protocol 사용 시
L2
L4
L5
L6
L7
L3
L1
Source Data TargetDataOTD
DataH H H H H TH
DataH H H H
DataH H H HH
DataH H H
DataH H
DataH
Decapsulation
DataH H HHH TH
DataH HHHH TH
DataHHHHH
DataHHHH
DataHHH
DataHH
DataH
Zero Buffer CopyKernel Bypass
Remote Direct Memory Access
TCP/IP Network InfiniBand Network
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Application Buffer
CopyTCP IP Transport
Kernel
Application Buffer
Standard Hardware I/O
Application Application
Exabus
20% Buffer Copies40% Transport Processing
40 % Kernel Context Switches
Zero Buffer CopyDirect Memory Access
Kernel Bypass
Application Application
4X Throughput, 6X Lower Latency
참고 슬라이드 – Socket Direct Protocol 사용 시
• InfiniBand 전용 프로토콜인 SDP(Socket Direct Protocol) 을 통신 시RDMA(Remote Direct Memory Access) 기술로 Kernel 의 개입 없이 통신하여 Network I/O 에 성능 극대화
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Load Balancer Summary
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Load Balancer 선택 ?
• L4/L7 선택 기준• L4 : Performance / L7 : Flexibility
• Hardware/Software 기반 로드밸런서 선택 기준• Hardware : Performance / Software : Agility , Flexibility
• 성능 차이 이유• 로드밸런서에서 각 네트워크 계층의 프로토콜을 해석해야 하는 횟수 차이• 통상 L7 을 사용 시 , URL or Content 기반 Balancing 및 Caching 등으로 추가 로직 수행
• Software 로드밸런서 필요성 / 중요성• Cloud 환경에서의 빠른 로드밸런서 구성 및
자동 Scale-out 기능 연동• Open Source HAProxy+KeepAlived• 올레 유클라우드 비즈의 로드밸런서• 아마존의 ELB(Elastic Load Balancer)
• UCLOUD/AWS 에서의 Auto Scaling 예시
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Proxy Server
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Proxy Server
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server• 용도
• 보안• 접속 사이트 로깅 및 분석• 서비스의 접근 정책 적용 ( 사이트 차단 )• 악의적인 용도 (Open Proxy) 로 IP 추적을
피하기 위함• 성능
• 해외 사이트 접속 속도• Web Server 앞쪽 Cache 용도• Examples
• Varnish• Apache http components• So on
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Types of Proxy
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server
OpenProxy
For-wardProxy
Re-verseProxy
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
HTTP Caching
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Internet History Highlight
• History(1990~ )• Extreme Web Population• Modem Speed-up• Internet Service Open in Korea at 1994
• PPP, Co-LAN, 28800 bps modem ….• HTTP/1.0 – RFC 1945 at 1996• HTTP/1.1 – RFC 2616 at 1999• Netscape – Mozilla Source Open• …• • Compression / Caching technology
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Cache
Cache Types
example.com
Cache
Cache
OpenProxy example.com
Cache
Cache
Cache
Cache
CacheCache
User Cache – Browser
Shared Cache – Proxy
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
General Cache Types
OpenProxy
example.com
Cache
Cache
Cache
Reverse Proxy
Backend Backend
Cache
Cache
Cache
CacheCache
Cache
CacheCache
CacheCache
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 1/2Reverse
Proxy CacheBackend
GET /mainHost: example.com
GET /mainHost: example.com
200 : OK
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60
200 : OK
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60
GET /mainHost: example.com
200 : OK
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60,age=30
After 30 seconds
1st Visit…
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 2-1/2Reverse
Proxy CacheBackend
Student1 Visit After 30 seconds
Teacher Visit….
GET /mainHost: example.com
GET /mainHost: example.com
200 : OK
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag "TagID1234"
200 : OK
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag "TagID1234"
GET /mainHost: example.com
200 : OK
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag "TagID1234", Age=30
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 2-2/2Reverse
Proxy CacheBackend
Student2 Visit After 60 seconds
GET /mainHost: example.com
GET /mainHost: example.comIf-None-Match:TagID1234
200 : OK
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag TagID1234
304 : Not Modified
Cache-Control:public,max-age=60
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Oracle Web Tier Solutions
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Oracle Web Tier
웹 시스템의 향상된 성능 및 보안 , 관리를 위한 Oracle Web Tier
Oracle Fusion Middleware 를
위한 웹서버
웹 성능 향상을 위한 캐싱 솔루션
다수의 대규모 사이트에서 검증된
웹서버
보안 및 성능 향상을 위한 Proxy 서버
Oracle HTTP
Server
Oracle Web Cache
Oracle iPlanet Web
Server
Oracle iPlanet Proxy Server
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Strategic Web Tier
• Oracle Traffic Director 가 전략적인 Proxy Server 로 포지션
• Oracle iPlanet Web Server
• Oracle Proxy Server
• Oracle Traffic Director (Exalogic)
• Oracle HTTP Server/WLS Plugin
• Oracle iPlanet Web Server
• WebCache (Caching Server)
• Oracle HTTP Server
Content Server
(Strategic)
Content Server
(Legacy)
(Reverse) Proxy Server
(Legacy)
(Reverse) Proxy Server
(Strategic)
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Apache(OHS) vs iPlanet vs OTD
Apache / OHS iPlanet OTD
Easy Normal Normal Very Easy
Protocols HTTP HTTP HTTPTCP (limited)
Exalogic Optimiza-
tionX X O
Static WebPages O O X
Virtual Host O O O
WebLogicPlug-in
별도 구성 (ver 1.1) – mod_wl_20/22
OR 포함 - mod_wl_ohs
별도 구성 (ver 1.1)libproxy
포함
Compres-sion
별도 구성mod_deflate
포함 – parametershttp-compression
포함
Caching 별도 구성mod_cache
포함 – parametersset-cache-control
포함Oracle doesn’t support it.
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
OTD Deployment Architecture
LBActive
LBStandby
WebLogicServer 1-1
WebLogicServer 1-2
OTD
OTD
OTD
OTD
WebLogicServer 2-1
WebLogicServer 2-2
WebServer 1-1
WebServer 1-2
Active-Active
Active-Standby
OTD
OTD
WebLogicServer 5-1
WebLogicServer 5-2
Active-Standby
WebLogicServer 4-1
WebLogicServer 4-2
SDP Possible
In WLS 12.1.2 +
SDPPossible
Soon
WebServer 3-1
WebServer 3-2