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<Insert Picture Here> 1. Introduction – OTD 사사 사사사사사 for Oracle ACS & Partner 사사 [email protected] Oracle Fusion Middleware
39

Before OTD EDU - Introduction

May 20, 2015

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Beom Lee

내부 임직원 및 OFM 파트너 엔지니어들에게 Oracle Traffic Director 교육을 진행하기에 앞서 만든 사전 교육 자료로 general하고 public한 내용들이라 해당 분야의 분들에게 공유함
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Page 1: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

<Insert Picture Here>

1. Introduction – OTD 사전 백그라운드for Oracle ACS & Partner

이범 [email protected] Oracle Fusion Middleware

Page 2: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Backgrounds knowledge For OTD

• Concept 측면의 기본 백그라운드• Network• Load Balancer• Proxy Server• HTTP Caching / Compression

• Support 측면의 기본 백그라운드• Exalogic Environments

• Installing to ZFS NAS Storage included in Exalogic• HA – keepalived(Linux) , VRRP(Solaris) • InfiniBand Partition

• OraInventory• Oracle Installer – X11(GUI), Silent install(Non

GUI)(OTD 11.1.1.7 / WLS 12.1.2 : Oracle Installer 채택 )

• Default OraInventory : Account’s Home Directory

This presentation

Demo Video / Labs

Page 3: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Agenda

• Network?

• 백업 , 참고 슬라이드

• Load Balancer?

• Load Balancer 기본 동작 과정

• Load Balancer Summary

• Proxy Server

• HTTP Caching

• Oracle Web Tier Solutions

Page 4: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Network

Page 5: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Network Layer?

• L : OSI 7 Layer 의 약자 / 숫자 : OSI 7 Layer 의 해당 계층 의미• L2 Switch : Mac 주소 기반 / L3 Switch : IP 주소 기반• L4 Switch : TCP 포트 기반 • …

Page 6: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Network Layer?

Data

TCP or UDPData

TCPHeader

IP PayloadData

IPHeader

FrameHeader

FrameData

FrameTailer

• 참고 URL : http://en.wikipedia.org• Path MTU 로 TCP/IP Packet 크기 결정되며

하나의 Data 가 TCP Packet 보다 크면Fragmentation 발생하여 여러 개의TCP Packet 으로 보냄

Page 7: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Repeater

Cables

Router

Switch

L4

Firewall

Web Browser, TCP/IP Programs

L7, Firewall

OSI 7 Layer – Protocol Mapping

출처 : http://olooi.tistory.com/entry/OSI-7 계층

Bridges

Switch

Page 8: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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백업 , 참고 슬라이드

Page 9: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

OSI 7 Layer백업 , 참고 자료 1/2- Protocol Map

Page 10: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

OSI 7 Layer백업 , 참고 자료 2/2- Protocol Map

출처 : protocols.com

Page 11: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

참고 : TCP/IP/Ethernet Headerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_headerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4_header#Headerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Header

Page 12: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Load Balancer?

Page 13: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Load Balancer architecture 1/2

DNSexample.com x.x.x.11example.com x.x.x.12

Server

Server

OR

솔루션 : DNS 를 이용한 Scale-outSmart DNS 로 죽은 Server 를 제거할 수 있지만브라우저의 DNS caching 등으로 장애 대처 어려움

x.x.x.12

x.x.x.11

Server

example.comx.x.x.11

Server

솔루션 : Scale-up, 고비용 및 장애 ?

example.comx.x.x.11

LB

Server

Server

Server

솔루션 : Load Balancer 을 이용한 Scale-out일반적인 로드밸런싱 아키텍처

example.comx.x.x.11

Original ServersHealth Check

Page 14: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Load Balancer architecture 2/2

LB

Server

Server

Server

LB

Server

Server

Server

DNS

example.com x.x.x.11example.com x.x.x.12

솔루션 : DNS 와 Load Balancer 을 이용한 Scale-out

x.x.x.11

x.x.x.12 Orig

inal

Ser

vers

Health

Che

ckO

rigin

al S

erve

rs

Health

Che

ck

OR LBStandby

LBMaster

LBStandby

LBMaster

Page 15: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 1/3

LBActive

Server

Server

Server

example.comx.x.x.11 (VIP)

LBStandby

Original ServersHealth Check

• Load Balancer 를 통한 Scale-out• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서

Load Balancer 이중화 구성

Page 16: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 2/3

LBActive

Server

Server

Server

example.comx.x.x.11 (VIP)

LBStandby

Ori

gin

al S

erve

rsH

ealt

h C

hec

k

• Load Balancer 를 통한 Scale-out• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서

Load Balancer 이중화 구성• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서

Global Service Load Balancer 이중화 구성

LBActive

Server

Server

ServerLB

Standby

GSLBActive

GSLBStandby

Ori

gin

al S

erve

rsH

ealt

h C

hec

k

Page 17: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 3/3

LBActive

WebServer

WebServer

WebServer

example.comx.x.x.11 (VIP)

LBStandby

Ori

gin

al S

erve

rsH

ealt

h C

hec

k

Biz/CoreServer

Biz/CoreServer

Biz/CoreServer

Web TierWeb Servers

Business TierMiddleware

Mid

dlew

are Clu

stering

• Web Tier 와 Business Tier 에 대한 각각의 Load Balancer 를 통한 Scale-out• Web Tier 에 대한 Load Balancer 는 L4/L7 장비 또는 Software Load

Balancer 로 구성• Business Tier 에 대한 Load Balancer 는 각각의 미들웨어 제품의 연동 Module 로

구성

Ori

gin

al S

erve

rsH

ealt

h C

hec

k

Apache

iPlanet

OHS

L4, L7

NetScaler

OTD, HAProxy

WebLogic

jBoss

Tomcat

TCP

TCP

HTTP

HTTP

Plugin Module

Plugin Module

Plugin Module

Page 18: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Load Balancer기본 동작 과정

Page 19: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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TargetData

L4 Packet 처리 과정

L2

L4

L5

L6

L7

L3

DataH HHHH TH

DataHHHHH

DataHHHH

DataHHH

DataHH

DataH

L1

DataT

HHHHH H

Data

HHHH H

Data

HHHH

Data

HHH

DataHH

Data

H

Source Data TargetData

L2

L4

L5

L6

L7

L3

L1

L4 Switch

DataH H H H H TH

DataH H H H

DataH H H HH

Data HHHHHT H

Data HHHH H

Data HHHH

Decapsulation

Encapsulation

En

cap

su

lati

on

Encapsulation

Decap

sulatio

n

Decapsulation

DataH H HHH TH DataT

HHHHH H

L4 처리 : NAT or DSR

Page 20: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

TargetData

Decapsulation

Decap

sulatio

n

Encapsulation

En

cap

su

lati

on

L7 Packet 처리 과정

L2

L4

L5

L6

L7

L3

L1

Source Data TargetData

L2

L4

L5

L6

L7

L3

L1

L7 Switch

DataH H H H H TH

DataH H H H

DataH H H HH

DataH H H

DataH H

DataH

Data HHHHHT H

Data HHHH H

Data HHHH

Data HHH

Data HH

Data H

Decapsulation

Encapsulation

DataH H HHH TH DataT

HHHHH H

DataH HHHH TH

DataHHHHH

DataHHHH

DataHHH

DataHH

DataH

DataT

HHHHH H

Data

HHHH H

Data

HHHH

Data

HHH

DataHH

Data

H

L4 처리 : NAT or DSRL7 처리 : URL, Content, Caching

Page 21: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

TargetData

Encapsulation

En

cap

su

lati

on

OTD 처리 과정 – Socket Direct Protocol 사용 시

L2

L4

L5

L6

L7

L3

L1

Source Data TargetDataOTD

DataH H H H H TH

DataH H H H

DataH H H HH

DataH H H

DataH H

DataH

Decapsulation

DataH H HHH TH

DataH HHHH TH

DataHHHHH

DataHHHH

DataHHH

DataHH

DataH

Zero Buffer CopyKernel Bypass

Remote Direct Memory Access

TCP/IP Network InfiniBand Network

Page 22: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Application Buffer

CopyTCP IP Transport

Kernel

Application Buffer

Standard Hardware I/O

Application Application

Exabus

20% Buffer Copies40% Transport Processing

40 % Kernel Context Switches

Zero Buffer CopyDirect Memory Access

Kernel Bypass

Application Application

4X Throughput, 6X Lower Latency

참고 슬라이드 – Socket Direct Protocol 사용 시

• InfiniBand 전용 프로토콜인 SDP(Socket Direct Protocol) 을 통신 시RDMA(Remote Direct Memory Access) 기술로 Kernel 의 개입 없이 통신하여 Network I/O 에 성능 극대화

Page 23: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.

Load Balancer Summary

Page 24: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Load Balancer 선택 ?

• L4/L7 선택 기준• L4 : Performance / L7 : Flexibility

• Hardware/Software 기반 로드밸런서 선택 기준• Hardware : Performance / Software : Agility , Flexibility

• 성능 차이 이유• 로드밸런서에서 각 네트워크 계층의 프로토콜을 해석해야 하는 횟수 차이• 통상 L7 을 사용 시 , URL or Content 기반 Balancing 및 Caching 등으로 추가 로직 수행

• Software 로드밸런서 필요성 / 중요성• Cloud 환경에서의 빠른 로드밸런서 구성 및

자동 Scale-out 기능 연동• Open Source HAProxy+KeepAlived• 올레 유클라우드 비즈의 로드밸런서• 아마존의 ELB(Elastic Load Balancer)

• UCLOUD/AWS 에서의 Auto Scaling 예시

Page 25: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Proxy Server

Page 26: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Proxy Server

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server• 용도

• 보안• 접속 사이트 로깅 및 분석• 서비스의 접근 정책 적용 ( 사이트 차단 )• 악의적인 용도 (Open Proxy) 로 IP 추적을

피하기 위함• 성능

• 해외 사이트 접속 속도• Web Server 앞쪽 Cache 용도• Examples

• Varnish• Apache http components• So on

Page 27: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Types of Proxy

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server

OpenProxy

For-wardProxy

Re-verseProxy

Page 28: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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HTTP Caching

Page 29: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Internet History Highlight

• History(1990~ )• Extreme Web Population• Modem Speed-up• Internet Service Open in Korea at 1994

• PPP, Co-LAN, 28800 bps modem ….• HTTP/1.0 – RFC 1945 at 1996• HTTP/1.1 – RFC 2616 at 1999• Netscape – Mozilla Source Open• …• • Compression / Caching technology

Page 30: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Cache

Cache Types

example.com

Cache

Cache

OpenProxy example.com

Cache

Cache

Cache

Cache

CacheCache

User Cache – Browser

Shared Cache – Proxy

Page 31: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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General Cache Types

OpenProxy

example.com

Cache

Cache

Cache

Reverse Proxy

Backend Backend

Cache

Cache

Cache

CacheCache

Cache

CacheCache

CacheCache

Page 32: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 1/2Reverse

Proxy CacheBackend

GET /mainHost: example.com

GET /mainHost: example.com

200 : OK

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60

200 : OK

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60

GET /mainHost: example.com

200 : OK

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60,age=30

After 30 seconds

1st Visit…

Page 33: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 2-1/2Reverse

Proxy CacheBackend

Student1 Visit After 30 seconds

Teacher Visit….

GET /mainHost: example.com

GET /mainHost: example.com

200 : OK

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag "TagID1234"

200 : OK

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag "TagID1234"

GET /mainHost: example.com

200 : OK

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag "TagID1234", Age=30

Page 34: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 2-2/2Reverse

Proxy CacheBackend

Student2 Visit After 60 seconds

GET /mainHost: example.com

GET /mainHost: example.comIf-None-Match:TagID1234

200 : OK

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60ETag TagID1234

304 : Not Modified

Cache-Control:public,max-age=60

Page 35: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Oracle Web Tier Solutions

Page 36: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Oracle Web Tier

웹 시스템의 향상된 성능 및 보안 , 관리를 위한 Oracle Web Tier

Oracle Fusion Middleware 를

위한 웹서버

웹 성능 향상을 위한 캐싱 솔루션

다수의 대규모 사이트에서 검증된

웹서버

보안 및 성능 향상을 위한 Proxy 서버

Oracle HTTP

Server

Oracle Web Cache

Oracle iPlanet Web

Server

Oracle iPlanet Proxy Server

Page 37: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Strategic Web Tier

• Oracle Traffic Director 가 전략적인 Proxy Server 로 포지션

• Oracle iPlanet Web Server

• Oracle Proxy Server

• Oracle Traffic Director (Exalogic)

• Oracle HTTP Server/WLS Plugin

• Oracle iPlanet Web Server

• WebCache (Caching Server)

• Oracle HTTP Server

Content Server

(Strategic)

Content Server

(Legacy)

(Reverse) Proxy Server

(Legacy)

(Reverse) Proxy Server

(Strategic)

Page 38: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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Apache(OHS) vs iPlanet vs OTD

Apache / OHS iPlanet OTD

Easy Normal Normal Very Easy

Protocols HTTP HTTP HTTPTCP (limited)

Exalogic Optimiza-

tionX X O

Static WebPages O O X

Virtual Host O O O

WebLogicPlug-in

별도 구성 (ver 1.1) – mod_wl_20/22

OR 포함 - mod_wl_ohs

별도 구성 (ver 1.1)libproxy

포함

Compres-sion

별도 구성mod_deflate

포함 – parametershttp-compression

포함

Caching 별도 구성mod_cache

포함 – parametersset-cache-control

포함Oracle doesn’t support it.

Page 39: Before OTD EDU - Introduction

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OTD Deployment Architecture

LBActive

LBStandby

WebLogicServer 1-1

WebLogicServer 1-2

OTD

OTD

OTD

OTD

WebLogicServer 2-1

WebLogicServer 2-2

WebServer 1-1

WebServer 1-2

Active-Active

Active-Standby

OTD

OTD

WebLogicServer 5-1

WebLogicServer 5-2

Active-Standby

WebLogicServer 4-1

WebLogicServer 4-2

SDP Possible

In WLS 12.1.2 +

SDPPossible

Soon

WebServer 3-1

WebServer 3-2