Befa Biodiesel Folder

8/12/2019 Befa Biodiesel Folder

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Biodiesel production plants

GENERAL INFORMATION

CONTENT

1. Introduction

1.1. Types of Biodiesel production units

2. Project development and project management

2.1. The plant2.2. Additional buildings2.3. Infrastructure

2.4. Used raw materials2.5. Agriculture area

3. Checklist for Biodiesel production

3.1. Production diagram3.2. Vegetable oils yields and ester characteristics3.3. International Biodiesel standard


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1. Introduction

Biodiesel is commonly made of rapeseed or soybean oil as primary, and methanol assecondary raw material. Befa offers beside this also a production way with ethanolinstead of methanol, and the know-how for many different primary raw materials as well.

Chemically, transesterified biodiesel comprises a mix of mono-alkyl esters of long chainfatty acids. The most common form uses methanol to produce methyl esters as it is the

cheapest alcohol available, though ethanol can be used to produce an ethyl esterbiodiesel. A byproduct of the transesterification process is the production of glycerin. Alipid transesterification production process is used to convert the base oil to the desiredesters. Any Free fatty acids (FFAs) in the base oil are either converted to soap andremoved from the process, or they are esterified (yielding more biodiesel) using an acidiccatalyst. After this processing, unlike straight vegetable oil, biodiesel has combustion

properties very similar to those of petroleum diesel,and can replace it in most current uses.A variety of oils can be used to produce biodiesel.These include:

Virgin oil feedstock; rapeseed and soybean oils are

most commonly used, though other crops such asmustard, palm oil, hemp, jatropha, and even algaeshow promise

Waste vegetable oil (WVO);

Animal fats including tallow, lard, yellow grease andas a byproduct from the production of Omega-3 fattyacids from fish oil.

Biodiesel feedstock plants utilize photosynthesis toconvert solar energy into chemical energy. The stored

chemical energy is released when it is burned,therefore plants can offer a sustainable oil source for biodiesel production. Most of the


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carbon dioxide emitted when burning biodiesel is simply recycling that which wasabsorbed during plant growth, so the net production of greenhouse gases is small andthat of CO2is zero.

We have a wide range of Biodiesel production plants, starting and using oil seeds, crudeoil and fats. We also offer the complete infrastructure to produce oil from seeds and fats.

1.1. Types of Biodiesel production units

type designation capacity: liters / day (24 hours)

SBDU-LIN: Small BioDiesel Unit Low Investment Line

Befa-SBDU-1200-LIN 1.200

Befa-SBDU-4800-LIN 4.800Befa SBDU-12000-LIN 12.000

Befa-SBDU-24000-LIN 24.000

SBDU-LEC: Small BioDiesel Unit Low Energy Consumption Line

Befa-SBDU-1000-LEC 1.000







MBDU: Medium BioDiesel Unit

Befa-MBDU-32000 32.000 (12.000 tons/year)Befa-MBDU-72000 72.000 (72.000 tons/year)

LBDU: Large BioDiesel Unit

Individual constructions with capacities from 40.000 to 500.000 tons/year


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2. Project development and project management

The whole project engineering will be done by BEFA. On all accounts BEFA needs two to

four locally persons for project development.If the project starts, BEFA and their project partners will accomplish a pre-study on thebasic information, which will be given by the authorities in the country. This pre-studywill covert costs and will allow making a first statement if the project is feasible.

After this pre-study, a full feasibility study will accrue.

This feasibility study will costs about 1,5 to 2,5% of the investment costs of the Biodieselproduction plant. The costs of the feasibility study are included in the contract with thegeneral planner.

Results of a feasibility study in Austria: first layout of a Biodiesel-plant

2.1. The plant

The plant will consist of several units:

o Storage for raw materialStorage tanks for oils and fats, capacity 6 weeks.

o Storage for finished productsStorage tanks for biodiesel, capacity 6 weeks.

o Energy-production plantOwn building for production of thermal energy for the whole Biodiesel-plant andsteam for heating the processes.

o Pre-treatmentBuilding for the pre-treatment for oils and fats to make them useable for thefollowing Biodiesel-production.

o Biodiesel-productionProduction hall for the Biodiesel production.

o Environmental installationsBuilding for waste water treatment, methanol/ethanol recovery and catalyst-recovery.

o Office and administrational building


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2.2 Additional buildings (not included in the standard concept)

o Oil mill and extraction deviceo Combined heat and power generation plant

2.3. Infrastructure (for a plant for 100.000 tons Biodiesel production per year):

o AreaA 100.000 ton-plant needs about 30.000 to 40.000 m free space.

Additional area if an oil mill and extraction has to be build.

o EnergyThe plant can be equipped with a power plant, which produces the needed thermal andelectrical energy with a surplus on energy. So the plant is energy self-sufficient!

oTransporting systems

The production plant needs a connection to streets and to the railway system if possible.

2.4. Used raw materials

The feedstocks for the biodiesel-production are:

o Animal fat, such as:beef / tallow fat, lard fat, mutton fat

o Vegetable oil, such as:rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, cotton seed oil, jatropha oiland any other oils and fats.

o Secondary raw materialsMethanol or ethanol

o Amount of raw materials (for 100.000 tons Biodiesel):Fat and oil: 120.000 tons

Methanol: 12.500 tons or

Ethanol: 17.700 tons

The catalyst will be recovered in the process, losses are about 3 to 5%, this losses arenot so big amounts.

2.5. Agriculture area

If the required raw material is vegetable oil, BEFA can support project development andproject management for cultivation of oil seeds.

For an ecological and therefore profit-yielding harvest of oil seeds and vegetable oil thecrop rotation is very important and can be developed by BEFA.

This crop-rotation allows reducing the required land from 400.000 to 250.000 hectare for100.000 tons of Biodiesel-production a year.


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Ideal plant for land reclamation oil yield up to 1.600 kg per hectare (rape: 1.000, sunflower: 800 kg) subsided by Weltbank / World Bank IDEAL for Africa, reference projects in India OPEN QUESTIONS:

o cultivation time (months/years not) not available yeto available numbers of seedlings (?)o time to first harvesting and oil productiono TOXIC plant and press cake, IMPOSSIBLE for animal feedo BUT: press cake can be used for energy production

Depending on animal fat/oil:

butchered animals per year fat content of animals all animal fats and oils possible (beef/mutton/lard) extraction of oil from animal bodies and animal waste (building, plant, etc.) transporting system, etc. see rape seed

Biodiesel production plant

turn key plant 40.000m free area rail system / truck loading ports available infrastructure, energy production will be built. 40 to 50 employees, 5 to 10 SKILLED workers 2 3 technician / experts remain in Africa while plant operating

Ethanol production

Ethanol production, required 17.500 tons per year = 21.875 m / 21,875 mill litreo 96% ethanol naturally processing to 100% needs separate plant

fermentation of corn, maize, etc. turn key plantsin Europe available crop rotation with oil seeds will have ecological benefits


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3.1. Production diagram for multifeed stock

Rapseed Soy plants Sunflower Fallow land

Oil mill, ExtractionFirst treatment

Oil seedcake

Treatment plant Animal fat

Palm oil,

other

By-

roducts

Intermediateroduct

Biodiesel productionplant

Methanol orEthanol

Biodiesel


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3.2. Vegetable oil yields

Note: These are conservative estimates -- crop yields can vary widely.

Ascending order

Crop kg oil/halitresoil/ha

lbsoil/acre

USgal/acre

corn (maize) 145 172 129 18

cashew nut 148 176 132 19

oats 183 217 163 23

lupine 195 232 175 25

kenaf 230 273 205 29

calendula 256 305 229 33

cotton 273 325 244 35

hemp 305 363 272 39

soybean 375 446 335 48

coffee 386 459 345 49

linseed (flax) 402 478 359 51

hazelnuts 405 482 362 51

euphorbia 440 524 393 56

pumpkin seed 449 534 401 57

coriander 450 536 402 57

mustard seed 481 572 430 61

camelina 490 583 438 62

sesame 585 696 522 74

safflower 655 779 585 83

rice 696 828 622 88

tung oil tree 790 940 705 100

sunflowers 800 952 714 102

cocoa (cacao) 863 1026 771 110

peanuts 890 1059 795 113

opium poppy 978 1163 873 124

rapeseed 1000 1190 893 127

olives 1019 1212 910 129

castor beans 1188 1413 1061 151

pecan nuts 1505 1791 1344 191

jojoba 1528 1818 1365 194

jatropha 1590 1892 1420 202

macadamia nuts 1887 2246 1685 240

brazil nuts 2010 2392 1795 255

avocado 2217 2638 1980 282

coconut 2260 2689 2018 287

oil palm 5000 5950 4465 635


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Alphabetical order

avocado 2217 2638 1980 282

brazil nuts 2010 2392 1795 255calendula 256 305 229 33

camelina 490 583 438 62

cashew nut 148 176 132 19

castor beans 1188 1413 1061 151

cocoa (cacao) 863 1026 771 110

coconut 2260 2689 2018 287

coffee 386 459 345 49

coriander 450 536 402 57

corn (maize) 145 172 129 18

cotton 273 325 244 35euphorbia 440 524 393 56

hazelnuts 405 482 362 51

hemp 305 363 272 39

jatropha 1590 1892 1420 202

jojoba 1528 1818 1365 194

kenaf 230 273 205 29

linseed (flax) 402 478 359 51

lupine 195 232 175 25

macadamia nuts 1887 2246 1685 240

mustard seed 481 572 430 61

oats 183 217 163 23

oil palm 5000 5950 4465 635

olives 1019 1212 910 129

opium poppy 978 1163 873 124

peanuts 890 1059 795 113

pecan nuts 1505 1791 1344 191

pumpkin seed 449 534 401 57

rapeseed 1000 1190 893 127

rice 696 828 622 88

safflower 655 779 585 83

sesame 585 696 522 74

soybean 375 446 335 48

sunflowers 800 952 714 102

tung oil tree 790 940 705 100


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Oils and esters characteristics

Oils and esters characteristics

Melting Range deg C

Type of Oil Oil /Fat

MethylEster

EthylEster

Iodinenumber

Cetanenumber

Rapeseed oil, high erucic 5 0 -2 97 to 105 55

Rapeseed oil low eruc. -5 -10 -12 110 to 115 58

Sunflower oil -18 -12 -14 125 to 135 52

Olive oil -12 -6 -8 77 to 94 60

Soybean oil -12 -10 -12 125 to 140 53

Cotton seed oil 0 -5 -8 100 to 115 55Corn oil -5 -10 -12 115 to 124 53

Coconut oil 20 to 24 -9 -6 8 to 10 70

Palm kernel oil 20 to 26 -8 -8 12 to 18 70

Palm oil 30 to 38 14 10 44 to 58 65

Palm oleine 20 to 25 5 3 85 to 95 65

Palm stearine 35 to 40 21 18 20 to 45 85

Tallow 35 to 40 16 12 50 to 60 75

Lard 32 to 36 14 10 60 to 70 65

Oils and their melting points and IodineValues

Oil melting point Iodine Value

Coconut oil 25 10

Palm kernel oil 24 37

Mutton tallow 42 40

Beef tallow - 50

Palm oil 35 54

Olive oil -6 81Castor oil -18 85

Peanut oil 3 93

Rapeseed oil -10 98

Cotton seed oil -1 105

Sunflower oil -17 125

Soybean oil -16 130

Tung oil -2.5 168

Linseed oil -24 178

Sardine oil - 185


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3.3. International standard

The EN 14214is an international standard that describes the minimum requirements forBiodiesel that has been produced from rapeseed fuel stock (also known as R.M.E. orrapeseed methyl esters). It came into effect 30 October 2004.

Property Unitslowerlimit

upperlimit

Test-Method

Ester content % (m/m) 96,5 - pr EN 14103d

Density at 15C kg/m 860 900EN ISO 3675 / ENISO 12185.

Viscosity at 40C mm/s 3,5 5,0 EN ISO 3104

Flash point C > 101 - ISO CD 3679e

Sulfur content mg/kg - 10 -

Tar remnant (at 10% distillationremnant)

% (m/m) - 0,3 EN ISO 10370

Cetane number - 51,0 - EN ISO 5165

Sulfated ash content % (m/m) - 0,02 ISO 3987

Water content mg/kg - 500 EN ISO 12937

Total contamination mg/kg - 24 EN 12662

Copper band corrosion (3 hoursat 50 C)

rating Class 1 Class 1 EN ISO 2160

Thermal Stability - - - -Oxidation stability, 110C hours 6 - pr EN 14112k

Acid value mg KOH/g - 0,5 pr EN 14104

Iodine value - - 120 pr EN 14111

Linolic Acid Methylester % (m/m) - 12 pr EN 14103d

Polyunsaturated (>= 4 Doublebonds) Methylester

% (m/m) - 1 -

Methanol content % (m/m) - 0,2 pr EN 14110l

Monoglyceride content % (m/m) - 0,8 pr EN 14105m

Diglyceride content % (m/m) - 0,2 pr EN 14105mTriglyceride content % (m/m) - 0,2 pr EN 14105m

Free Glycerine % (m/m) - 0,02pr EN 14105m / prEN 14106

Total Glycerine % (m/m) - 0,25 pr EN 14105m

Alkali Metals (Na+K) mg/kg - 5pr EN 14108 / pr EN14109

Phosphorus content mg/kg - 10 pr EN14107p

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