Beetles

Introduction Part Shamim Ahmed Forestry and wood Technology Discipline Khulna University , Khulna, Bangladesh. Student ID: 140535

WELCOME

BeetlesThe Coleoptera order of insects is commonly called beetles.

Red spotted Longicorn beetle

Bionomics: This is serious polyphagous pest on various crops and forest trees vix. Mango,guava,jack-fruit,Shorea robusta,Morus alba,Hevea brasiliensis,Sissoo ,Albizia,Ficus etc.

(Batocera rufomaculata)

The adults

The adults beetles are large (up to 70 mm) with very long antenna.

White –yellow spots on the elytra with black tubercles,and bright red spots on the prothorax.

Egg is brownish white ,cylindrical(6mm x 2mm) with narrow rounded ends.

White –yellow spots

Long antenna

Larval development completes probably two years .Life cycle takes two years to complete.

The larva,6-9 cm long, cylindrical in shapes ,cremy white,thick,flesy and make large tunnels through the sapwood of living and freshly felled trees.

• Nursery beds should be cleared up and free from woody debris,logs,stumps etc.

• During swarming period in early monsoon,the seed bed may be covered with sand,ash,charcoal,dust etc to prevent oviposition.

• Dieldrin 20 or Dursban 20-35ml/10 litres of water will be applied as soil-drench.

Management

Cylindrical Powderpost beetle(Heterobostrychus aequalis)

BionomicsThe pest attacks seasoned (usually below 15% moisture)wood,wood panels,plywood,tea chests,packing box,sapwood in furniture etc.Pest attack is usually confined to the sap wood when logs are debarked.

The beetle is cylindrical, 6-15 mm long with rough hooded prothorax covered with curved hooks at the posterior end of elytra.

Larva is creamy white roughly C-shaped, about 15 mm long.Eggs are deposited singly on the wood surface of saw timbers and logs.

Lifecycle covers a minimum period of 2- 3 years; maximum period may be 5-6 years.Maximum emergence during the monsoon(June-October.

• Exposed timber with sapwood should be impregnated with an approved preservative.

• Small wooden articles viz,flower vase,ash try etc may be protected by placing them in the freezer.

Management

Flattened Powder post beetle (Lyctus brunneus Stephens)

The pest is distributed in the tropical and sub tropical region.

Most attacks are usually confined in the sawmills on the converted timbers,especially planks,logs or sawn-drying timber,packing boxes and plywood

The pest may also infest living trees , viz, jatkorai( Albiziaodoratissima),Aam(Mangifera indica L.), Shimul(Bombax ceiba), Kathal(Artocarpus Heterophylus).

Adult beetle is shiny dark brown in colour, 2-4.5 mm long, elongate and flattened dorso-ventrally; clubbed antennae.

Bionomics

Adult begins to emerge after a month through a round hole (1-20 mm diameter), generally during April-June.Life cycle is generally annual but may extend for several years.

Eggs hatch in about 14 days and the larvae feed on the starch of the sapwood until fully-grown

• Mechanical control by hand collection of beetles from the cut ends of

log,and killing the grubs is suggested.

• Infested trees should be felled soon after emergence of beetles and cut

in to logs of 3-4 m in length and put in small heaps in the affected area.

Management

Flatheaded(Cobra) beetle(Belionata prasina)

It is a polyphagous woodborer distributed throughout the Orient and attacks a wide variety of plants,viz,Kajubadam Anacaedium occidentale, Amm( Mangifera indica) etc.The insects attacks dead ,dying and damaged standing or felled trees and logsEggs are laid on the bark.Larvae after hatching bore between the bark and sapwood,and later deep in the heartwood

Bionomics:

Rapid extraction and conversion of logs may prevent the attack.Logs could be sprayed with a residual insecticides,Dieldrin to control the borer.

They pupate in the wood and the emerging adults come out through oval/ circle holes(3-5 mmdiameter0 usually during April-Augst.

Life cycle is usually annual and may be prolonged for 2 to 3 years.

Management

DefoliatorThree types of defoliators are recognized: leaf eater ,leaf rollers and leaf miners.The leaf eaters feed voraciously on the foliage.the examples Eurema spp. And Catopsilla spp.(Pieridae:Lepidoptera)that feed on Koroi(Albizia spp.),Minjiri(C.siamea)etc.The leaf rollers roll the leaf, live inside and eat up the leaves and young shoots.Parotis marginata(Pyralidae:Lepidoptera)rols the leaves of Chatian(Alstonia scholaris|). The leaf miners make tunnels below the upper epidermis of the leaves,for example,Labdia tectonae mines the leaf of Teak.

Defoliators can be controlled by foliar application of Lebaycid 50EC(fenthion)or Malathion 57EC(malathion)or Sumithion 50EC(fenitrothion)@23 ml/10 liters of water. Defoliators could also be killed manually if the infestation is at the initial stage.

Management:

Sap suckers

Sap suckers attack succulent leaves,buds and stem and suck sap from them by inserting their needle like out parts into the plant tissue.Aphids,jassids,membracids,thrips,white flies,scale insects etc. are the grops of such insects.The feeding result in the loss of vigour,retardation of growth and in heavy infestation the plants withers and dies.

Malathion 57 EC or Lebaycid 50 EC (fenthion)@20ml/10 liters of water proved effective in controlling the sap suckers

Management: