BEC IS 8-10activity.doc

8/10/2019 BEC IS 8-10activity.doc

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Activity 8.1Density of Matter

Activity 8-1a

Materials

small block of wood ruler piece of marble balloonoil basingraduated cylinder waterbeam balance

Procedure

A. Density of Solid

1. Measure the length, width and height of a block of wood in cm.

2. Calculate the volume of the block in cm 3 .

3. Measure the mass of the wood in grams using the beam balance. Record your datain the data table below.

. !etermine the ratio of the mass to the volume of the block of wood. "he ratio is thedensity of wood.

#. $ased on the value you got in the previous step, predict whether the block of woodwill float on water or not.

%. &ill a basin with water. Carefully lower the block of wood along the side of the basin.'hat happened to the block of wood( !oes your prediction match with yourobservation(

). !etermine the density of a piece of limestone by water displacement.

B. Density of Liquid

*. +et some water. Measure a volume of it similar to the volume of the block of woodin part . Measure the mass of the water sample. Calculate its density.

-. Repeat step * using oil instead of water. Compare its density with that of water.

C. Density of Gas

1. +et the mass of an empty balloon.11. /nflate the balloon and measure its mass again. Compare the mass of the balloon

with and without air.12. 0stimate the volume of air in the balloon.13. 0stimate the density of air.1. Compare the densities of different substances in "able *1a.

Integrated Science 15


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Table 8-1b. Densities of different substances

Substance Density, g/cm

Cork .2

ydrogen .-

Concrete 2.3/ce .-2

/ron ).*$alsa 'ood .13

ead 11.3

45ygen .1

+asoline .%*

Data

A!Material observed Mass "g! #olume "cc! Density "g/cc!

$lock of wood

'ater

$lock of wood in water

$!

Material observed Mass "g! #olume "cc! Density "g/cc!

'ater 4il

ir

%uestions

1.'hat is the density of the block of wood( !o solids have the same densities(2.Compare the density of wood density with the density of water.3.'hat happens to the block of wood when placed in water( /s your prediction correct(.Compare the densities of water and oil.#.'hy does oil float on water( +ive other li6uids that float on water%.'hy does balloon float on water().'hich of the substances in "able *1b would float in water(

*.7ame the solids, the li6uids, and the gases in "able *1b. Compare the densities of thegases with those of water.

&enerali'ation about densities of solids, li(uids and gases



3/21

Activity 8.1bDensity of Matter

Materials

paper ballpen calculator

Procedure

. 8olve the following density problems9

1. /f the density of gold is 1-.3 g: cm3, what would be its mass if it occupies a volumeis cm3(

2. Calculate the density of 1 g of carbon dio5ide occupying a volume of # cm3.3. &ind the density of an alcohol sample having a mass of 2g and a volume of 2# cm3

. piece of aluminum having a mass of -%.#g was dropped into a graduated cylindercontaining # m of water. 'hen aluminum was dropped into the graduated

cylinder, the water level rose to *#. m. 'hat is the density of aluminum(

$. !iscuss the solution to the following problems9

1. /f the density of a certain plastic used to make a bracelet is .)* g: cm3, what masswould a bracelet of cm3have( 'ould this bracelet float or sink in water( 'hy(

2. person who cannot float in a freshwater lake can float easily in the sea. 'hatdoes this tell you about the density of the saltwater(

3. ;4il and water don


4/21

Activity 8.)Acids and $ases

Activity 8-)a

Materials

ny colored flowers or leaves beam balance>e.g.red mayana leaves 1 m graduated cylinder

red gumamela flowers? sets petri dish yellow bell? % dropperstest tubes 1 m graduated cylinder test tube holder 1 m beakersstirring rod alcohol burner twee@ers vials with cover filter paper scissorsmuriatic acid calamansi e5tract

distilled water soap solutionsodium hydro5ide solution labeling pen

Procedure

A. Pre*aring t+e Acid/$ase ndicator

1. Cut the leaves into pieces. 'eigh about %g of the leaves and place in a 1 mbeaker.

2. dd # m of water to the beaker and boil the contents for # min. or until theli6uid has turned reddish brown.

3. Carefully decant the e5tract into another beaker while still hot. aution se

clot+ to +old t+e +ot bea0er.. /mmediately add a little amount of alum powder. 4bserve the solution. /f the

solution does not turn blue, add a little more of the alum.'hat do you think is the purpose of adding alum(

#. "ransfer the indicator solution into clean vials and keep covered when not in use.

$. Pre*aring t+e Acid/$ase ndicator Pa*er

1. Cut a piece of filter paper into small several strips >1cm 5 cm?.2. "ransfer some of the li6uid indicator in a petri dish. Alace some of the filter paper

strips in the petri dish and keep it immersed in the indicator for about 1 minutes."hen carefully remove each paper strip with a twee@er and transfer into another

petri dish to dry.

. Testing t+e ndicators it+ Acids and $ases

1. abel # test tubes to 0 and line in a test tube rack.



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2. &ill each test tube with # m of the li6uids as shown in the figure below.

A $ D 2

muriatic calamansi distilled soap sodium hydro5ide acid e5tract water solution solution

3. +et # pieces of the dry paper indicator. 8pread out in a petri dish as in the figurebelow.

A $

D 2

. Alace 12 drops of the corresponding solution onto the paper indicator. 7ote downthe changes in color of the paper indicators. &or better results, place a white bondpaper under the petri dish. "abulate your observations. Remember these colorsbecause they will be your basis of comparison in identifying other materials.

#. Beep the remaining indicator paper in tightly covered vials. "his can last for severalmonths. !o the same to the li6uid indicator. ou will use these in the ctivity *b.

DataTable 8-)a

Solution 3ature of Solution olor c+ange on ndicator Pa*er Muriatic acid 8trongly acidic

Calamansi 'eakly acidic !istilled water 7eutral

8oap solution 'eakly basic

8odium hydro5ide 8trongly basic

%uestions

A. Pre*aring indicator

Alant used9

1. 'hat was the color of the plant e5tract( DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD



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2. 'hat was the color of the plant e5tract with alum( DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

$. Ma0ing indicator *a*er from t+e indicator solution

1. 'hat was the color of the filter paper after

a. its immersion in the indicator solution( DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDb. it was dried completely( DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

. 4inding color c+anges of t+e indicator *a*er

1. 'hat were the color changes of the indicator paper on the

Muriatic acid Calamansi

!istilled water 8oap solution

8odium hydro5ide

2. 'hich of the materials is:are strongly acidic( 'eakly acidic(3. 'hich of the materials is:are strongly basic( 'eakly basic(. 'hich of the materials is:are neutral(#. 'hat will happen to the indicators if e5posed to air for sometime(%. /f calamansi e5tract is acidic, why can it be taken by humans( /n what ways is it

different

&enerali'ation



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Activity 8.)bAcids and $ases

Activity 8-)b

Materials

cid:base indicator solution test tubes1 m graduated cylinder test tube holder sets petri dish stirring rod% droppers twee@erstest tubes 1 m graduated cylinder vials with cover vinegar shampoo >different brands? toothpastetap water fruit Euicessoft drinks lkaselt@er tablet

fruits detergentammonia

Procedure

A. Testing for acids and bases in common materials

1. Arepare as many test tubes as there are materials to be tested.2. "he materials to be tested must all be in solution form. !o not add water anymore

to the li6uid materials. /f the material is solid, dissolve in a small test tube about Fteaspoon of the material with 2 m of water. 8tir the mi5ture well to make surethat the solid dissolves completely in the water.

3. "est each li6uid material by placing 1 G2 drops of it on an indicator paper. et theindicator to dry then paste it lightly on a paper as shown in "able 2. /f you ran out ofpaper indicators, prepare a new set using the remaining li6uid indicator.

Data

Refer to "able *2b.

%uestions

1. 'hich of the materials is:are strongly acidic( 'eakly acidic(2. 'hich of the materials is:are strongly basic( 'eakly basic(

3. 'hich of the materials is:are neutral(. 'hy do we study acids and bases( 05plain#. /n what way is p related to soil characteristics(%. Research on the application of acids and bases in agriculture.

&enerali'ation



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Table 8-)b

A $ D 2 4

tap soft vinegar fruit ammonia shampoo water drink Euice

Aaper indicators

& 5 6 7

"ooth detergent lka8elt@er fruit vegetable colapaste solution solution e5tract e5tract drink

Aaper indicators



9/21

Activity 9.1P+ysical +anges in Matter

Materials

piece of different materials9 ice cubespaper, cloth, plastic rubber bandtransparent cup modeling claymetallic spoon matchesblunt knife candle

Procedure

1. !escribe a piece of paper then tear it into small pieces. !o the same for the pieces ofcloth and plastic.

How do the torn pieces look? Compare its characteristics with the original.2. !escribe some ice cubes. eave it on the container for a few minutes. !escribe what

happened to the ice cubes.Was there a change in the ice cubes? Can the ice cubes recovered? If so, state how.

3. 8crape the side of a candle wa5 and collect some pieces on to a spoon. !escribe thewa5 pieces. eat the spoon over a candle flame.What happened to the candle wax. Are the characteristics of the candle wax the samebefore and after heating?

. !escribe the characteristics of a rubber band. 8tretch it and keep it in place for a littlewhile, then release it.What happened to the rubber band? id its characteristics change? If so, whichcharacteristics?

8tretch the rubber band to the fullest until it snaps.In what wa!s did the rubber band change? Is this the same rubber band as before it wasstretched?

#. Cut a small piece of modeling clay. Aress it with your hands.In what wa!s did the cla! changed?Mold the clay into another shape.oes the cla! have the same characteristics as the original cla!? Will changing theshape change the cla! into another material?

%. !escribe some iron filings. Alace some of the iron fillings on a piece of paper andplace a magnet near them.What happened to the iron filings and magnet?

8eparate the iron filings from the magnet.Was there an! change on the iron filings? How about the magnet?

Data

Material observed nitial observations 4inal :bservations



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%uestions

1. /n what ways did the following materials in the activity changed(

a. paper f. rubber bandb. cloth g. clay

c. plastic h. magnetd. ice cubes i. iron filingse. candle wa5

2. 'as there a new material formed after each change(3. 'hen do we say that a change is only physical(. 'hich of the materials underwent physical change( +ive your reasons for your

choices.#. 'hat are some evidences of a physical change(

%. 8tate an operational definition of a physical change.

&enerali'ation



11/21

Activity 9.)+emical +anges

Materials

a piece ofpan de sal alcohol lamp with denatured alcohol or any kind of bread test tube holder small pieces of egg shells # small clear bottles >widemouthed?evaporated milk cutter or knifea piece of potato spoonvinegar a pc. of eggplantwhite sugar 3H hydrogen pero5idematches ragsmeasuring cup medicine dropper

Procedure

Station 1. Changes on bread

!escribe a piece of bread. Cut a small piece from it. 'ith a test tube holder place it over aflame for a minute or two or until you see changes on the bread. !escribe the changes.oes the bread look the same as the original? o !ou think !ou can recover the originalcharacteristics of the bread?

Station 2. Changes on egg shells and vinegar

Aour F cup of vinegar into a clear bottle. !rop a few small pieces of eggshells into

the bottle. 4bserve the mi5ture.What happens to both vinegar and eggshells? Is there a new substance formed? If so, whatdo !ou think is this new substance?

Station 3. Changes on milk and vinegar

Aour F cup of vinegar into a clear bottle. dd about 2 drops of evaporated milk into thebottle. 4bserve the mi5ture.What happens to both vinegar and eggshells? Was there a new substance formed? If so,what do !ou think is this new substance? o !ou think !ou can still recover the originalmaterials?

Station 4. Changes on sugar

Alace some sugar on to a spoon. 'rap the handle of the spoon with a rug to avoid burns.Alace the spoon over a flame for about # minutes. !escribe all the changes you observe onsugar. Continue heating until the color becomes almost black.

Are the characteristics of sugar the same before and after heating. Is it possible to recoverthe original sugar? Is the black substance formed still sugar?



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Station 5. Changes on eggplant

Cut a small piece from the eggplant and observe its characteristics particularly the cutsection. eave this cut section e5posed to the air. 4bserve it again after about # minutes.

oes the cut section have the same color as before? What do !ou think will happen if theeggplant is exposed for a longer time?

Station 6. Changes on hydrogen pero5ide and potato

Aour F cup of hydrogen pero5ide into a clear bottle. dd a small slice of peeled potato to thebottle. 4bserve the slice of apple for a few minutes and note down any change.What happens to the slice of apple? Is there an! indication that another substance is

present? What do !ou think is this substance?

Data

Materials observed nitial observations 4inal :bservations

%uestions

1. /n what ways did the following materials in the activity change(

a. breadb. egg shells and vinegarc. milk and vinegard. sugare. eggplantf. hydrogen pero5ide and potato

2. 'as there a new material formed after each change(3. 'hen do we say that a change is chemical(. 'hich of the materials underwent chemical change( +ive your reasons for your choices.#. 'hat are some evidences of a chemical change(%. 8tate an operational definition of a chemical change.

&enerali'ation



13/21

Activity 9.2ffect of 5eat on #olume of Air

Materials

test tubes medicine vials,glass tubing >or straw?, rubber stoppercolored water large bottle with cold waterwater medicine dropper marking pen

Procedure

1. Arepare the setup as in &ig. -3.2. Aut a drop of colored water in the glass tubing. !o this carefully to keep the drop of

water in the tubing. Mark the position of the drop of water. old the test tube tightly in thepalm of your hand for about # minutes. eat from your hands will flow to the test tubeand the air inside the tubing. 4bserve any changes in the level of the water droplet.What happens to the drop of water as the air in the test tube is heated? What do !outhink has caused this to happen?

3. Alace the test tube in a large bottle with cold water.Was there a change in the level of the water droplet? If so, what caused this change?

&enerali'ation


!rop of water

+lass tubing

Rubberstopper

"est tube

&ig. -

ir

%uestions

1. 'hat is the effect of holding the test tube tightlywith your hand( !id it have any effect on the

water droplet in the glass tubing( 05plain youranswer.

2. 'hat happened to water droplet when the testtube is placed in cold water( ow do youcompare this result with that in >1?(

3. 'hat represents the volume of air in thisactivity(

. 'hat happened to the volume of air when itwas heated(

#. 'hat happened to the volume of air when it wascooled(


14/21

Activity 9.;5eat 2nergy of a +emical +ange

Materials

candle beam balancewater small plastic saucer test tubes 1 m graduated cylinder test tube holder thermometer small beakers

Procedure

1. +et the combined mass of the candle and plastic saucer with a beam balance. ssignthis as initial mass, m1.

2. Aour 1 m water into a test tube. "ake the temperature of the water. ssign this as initialtemperature, ti.

3. et the candle stand firmly on the saucer. Carefully light the candle, then hold the testtube with a test tube holder in the flame. Move the test tube gently in small circles while inthe flame for even distribution of heat.

. Continue heating for about three minutes. "ake the temperature of water Eust beforeremoving the test tube from the flame. ssign this as final temperature, tf.

#. Aut off the candle. +et again the combined mass of the candle and the saucer. ssignthis as final mass, m2. Calculate the mass of the candle after burning.

%. "he heat produced by the burning candle is determined through the amount of heatabsorbed by the water . "hus, the heat absorbed by water from the burning candle ise6ual to the product of the heat capacity of water >1 cal: oC? , the mass of water >!water I

1g:m?, and the change in temperature of water.

Data

Material observed nitial observations 4inal :bservations

!Im:v?

&inal temperature IJolume IMass of water>!Im:v?

andle Mass of candle

and saucer I

Mass of candle

and saucer IMass of candle Iburned



15/21

%uestions

1. 'hich has a higher temperature, water before heating or water after heating( "o what is

the change in temperature due(2. !id water produce heat or absorb heat(3. !id candle produce heat or absorb heat( 'hy is the mass of the two materials be e6ual(1. 'hy was the mass of water used in the calculation and not the mass of the

candle(2. 'hat happened to the mass of the candle after it was burned( 'hat does this

indicate, a physical change or a chemical change(3. 7ame the chemical changes that took place in the activity.. ow much heat is evolved in burning 1g of candle(

&enerali'ation



16/21

Activity 1=.1 Diffusion of Molecules

Materials

1 slice of cooked gulamanor gelatin bottle of bagoongF tsp of blue dye soy saucewatch with second hand clear bottlesteaspoon water medicine dropper

Procedure

. Alace a slice of cooked gulamanor gelatin on a plate. 8prinkle F tsp of blue dye on thesurface of the gelatin. Record the time when you did this. 8et the gelatin aside andobserve how long it will take the blue dye to penetrate the !escribe the movement of thedye.

$. Alace a drop of soy sauce into a half bottle of water. Record the time you dropped thesoy sauce into the water. 4bserve the water for a few minutes without moving the glass.7ote down your observations.

C. Alace a small bottle of bagoongin a bo5. Cover the bo5. sk a group mate to sit about 2ft. away from you. "ell her to record the time the moment she smells the bagoong.Record the initial time then open the bo5.

Data

7ame of materials 4bservations on the materials before and after diffusion

a. "ulaman

$lue dye

b. 8oy sauce

'ater

c. #agoong



17/21

&uide %uestions

. 1. 'hat happened to the blue dye( !id you observe any change( !escribe the change.2. !id you see any change in color of gulaman( /f so, what caused this change(3. !id your observations show that the blue dye spread in the gelatin(. ow long did it take the potassium permanganate crystals to spread down this far(#. /nfer a reason for the spread of the dye in gelatin.

$. 1. 'hat happened to the soy sauce as it was dropped into the glass of water(2. 'hat happened to the soy sauce and water after a few minutes(3. ow long did it take the soy sauce to spread completely(. /nfer a reason for the spread of the dye in gelatin.

C. 1. 'hat happened when the bottle of bagoongwas was uncovered(2. ow long did it take for the odor to reach you(3. 'hat was the smell of bagoong in the bottle(. ow did the smell of bagoong reach your classmate(#. ow did the odor reach you(%. ow long did it take for the odor to reach you( 'hy did it still reach you when you

are farther away from the source(). +ive e5amples of diffusion particles in li6uid and in gas.

&enerali'ation



18/21

Activity 1=.)

Activity 1=-)a Surface Tension

Materials

glass of water a needleclean bowl detergent solutionclean cloth or tissue paper medicine dropper

Procedure

1. Carefully pour water into a clean bowl.

2. +ently place a dry needle hori@ontally on the surface of the water. 4bserve what happensto the needle.

3. Remove the needle from the water and wipe dry with a clean cloth.. +ently place the needle, vertically this time, into the water. Compare your observation

here with the one you made in step 2.#. Remove the needle again and wipe dry.%. Repeat steps a and b. "his time add 2 G 3 drops of detergent solution along one side of

the bowl. 4bserve what happens to the needle.

Data

Materials :bservations

%uestions

1. /n procedure 2, did the needle float or sink in water( 05plain your answer in terms of themolecular theory.

2. /n procedure , did the needle float or sink in water( 05plain your answer in terms of themolecular theory.

3. /n procedure %, what happens to the needle after adding some detergent to water( 'hat

was the effect of the detergent solution(. ave you watched insects called water striders play on the surface of a pond( 'hat

have you observed(

&enerali'ation



19/21

Activity 1=-)b a*illarity

Materials

3 colorless plastic straws a glass of colored water >different diameter with the same length?

Procedure

1. abel the plastic straws , $, and C. !ip the straws at the same time into a glass ofcolored water. 7ote down the amount of water that enters in each straw.

Data

Materials :bservations

%uestions

1. /n which straw did the water rise the highest( the lowest(2. 'hy are the levels of water different in the three straws(3. 'hy does the colored water rise in the straw(. !o straw and water have the same kind of molecules(#. /n what other situations do you observe a li6uid rising in a small tube(

&enerali'ation



20/21

Activity 1=.;Simulating Acid >ain

Materials

vinegar mediumsi@ed limestone rockmedicine droppers small piece of basalt rockwatch glass hammer

Procedure

1. Alace small pieces limestone in a watch glass. Alace a piece of colored paper under thewatch glass for better observation.

2. 'ith a medicine dropper, place a few drops of vinegar onto the limestone. !escribe your

observations.3. Continue dropping vinegar in a constant stream to simulate rain. 'hat happens to therock( Compare your observations on this rock with that in step 2.

Data

Materialobserved

nitial observations 4inal :bservations

%uestions

1. 'hat happens when vinegar is combined with limestone(2. 'hat were the indications that a chemical change took place(3. 'rite the balanced e6uations for the reactions.

. !iscuss how rain becomes acidic.#. 05plain how acid rain destroys statues and buildings.

&enerali'ation



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BEC IS 8-10activity.doc

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