Beauty of pakistan

CREATED AND COMPILED BY: AREESHA

GROUP MEMEBERS: AMMARA, AREESHA , ZEENAT, QURAT-UL-AIN

MAJORMOUNTAIN

RANGES

HIMALAYAS KARAKORAM HINDU KUSH

Mount Everest is the Earth's highest mountain, with a peak at 8,848 metres above sea level and the 5th tallest mountain measured from the centre of the Earth. It is located in the Mahalangur section of the Himalayas

BALTORO GLACIERS at 62 kilometers long, is one of the longest glaciers outside the polar regions. It is located in Baltistan in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, and runs through part of the Karakoram mountain range. The glacier gives rise to the Shigar River, which is a tributary of the Indus River.

NANGA PARBAT- is the ninth highest mountain in the world and the western anchor of the Himalayas. Located in Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, Nanga Parbat is one of the eight-thousanders, with a summit elevation of 8,126 metres (26,660 ft).

DUDIPATSAR LAKE is a lake encircled by snow clad peaks in Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park. The lake lies in the extreme north of the Kaghan Valley, in the Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in northern Pakistan. The word "dudi" means white, "pat" means mountains and "sar" means lake. The lake's water is a beautiful greenish blue hue and very cold, at an elevation of 3,800 metres (12,500 ft). Their natural habitat is in the Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows ecoregion

Saiful Muluk is an alpine lake located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley, near the town of Naran. It is in the north east of Mansehra District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The impact of the lake beauty is of such extent that people believe that fairies come down to lake in full moon.

CHITRAL VALLEY is the capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Kunar River (also called Chitral River), in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town is at the foot of Tirich Mir, the highest peak of the Hindu Kush. in contrast to more southerly valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Chitral has a dry with almost no rainfall during the very hot summers.

KAGHAN VALLEY is a valley in the north-east of Mansehra District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It attracts many tourists from around the world. The region is Alpine in geography and climate, with forests and meadows dominating the landscape below peaks that reach over 17,000 feet. The valley extends 155 km

KALAM VALLEY-is a village along the upper reaches of the in Swat Valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Kalam is known for its waterfalls, lakes and lush green hills, and is a 270 km drive from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. It is a popular destination for tourists. In Kalam the Ushu and Utrot rivers join to form the Swat River.

Malam Jabba is a Hill Station in the Karakoram mountain range nearly

40 km from Saidu Sharif in Swat Valley, Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is 314 km from Islamabad

and 51 km from Saidu Sharif Airport.

Malam Jabba is home to the only ski resort in Pakistan

MURREE is a hill station, summer resort and the administrative centre of Murree Tehsil, Pakistan, which is a subdivision of Rawalpindi District and includes the Murree Hills. the city of Murree, draped in forests of pine, and oak, experiences pleasant summers and cold, snowy winters. The city is famous for its buildings styleMurree is located along the Islamabad-Murree Highway, some 58.3 km (36.2 mi) northeast of Islamabad.

DESERTS

COLD DESERT INDUS VALLEYDESERT

KHARAN DESERT CHOLISTAN DESERT

THAL DESERT THAR DESERT

THE INDUS VALLEY DESERT is located in the northern area of Pakistan. The desert spans an area of 19,500 square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. The Indus Valley Desert lies between two major rivers in the region, the Chenab and the Indus.

THE KHARAN DESERT is located in Kharan District, Balochistan, Pakistan. The desert was used for nuclear testing by the Pakistan military, making it the most famous of the five deserts. The desert is in the center of a large empty basin.

THE CHOLISTAN DESERT spans an area of 16,000 square kilometers. The name "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "chol" meaning "desert" though the desert is locally known as the Rohi. The desert hosts an annual jeep rally, which draws many tourists.

THE THAL DESERT is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming.

THE THAR DESERT spans a stammering 200,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of both Pakistan and India. It is the seventh largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia.

FORESTS

CONIFEROUS TROPICAL DRYDECIDIOUS

ALPINE TEMPERATE

MANGROVESUB-

TROPICAL

THE CONIFEROUS FORESTS occur from 1,000 to 4,000 m altitudes. Chitral, Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Malakand, Mansehra and Abbottabad districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir and Islamabad district of the Punjab are the main areas covered with coniferous forests. The Coniferous forests also occur in Balochistan hills. Chilghoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) and juniper (Juniperous macropoda) are the two most common species of Balochistan.

THE ALPINE FORESTS Alpine forests of Pakistan are found at very high elevations in the mountainous regions of Himalaya, Karakoram and Hidukush. These forests are subdivided into Sub Alpine forests, Alpine scrub and Alpine pastures. The Sub Alpine forests grow to the tree limit and due to harsh climatic conditions tree density is low and growth is stunted. Alpine scrubs include shrub formations 1 m to 2 m high extending 150 m or more above the sub-alpine forests. Alpine pastures are situated above the tree line of 4000 meters, where growing season is very short and vegetation mainly consists of perennial, herbaceous plants. These high altitude pastures are found mostly in the northern districts of Gilgit, Diamer, Chitral and Skardu

THE MANGROVE wetlands are located in the Indus River Delta in Sindh. Other saltwater wetlands are located on the coast of Balochistan such as at Sonmiani and Jiwani. These support mangrove forestry, mainly of species Avicennia marina as well as bamboo species and marsh grasses of Apluda and Cenchrus.

THE TROPICAL DRY DECIDIOUS FORESTS: These are forests of low or moderate height consisting almost entirely of deciduous species. This type does not occur extensively in Pakistan but there are limited areas in the Rawalpindi foothills carrying this vegetation type. The chief tree species are Lannea (Kamlai, Kembal) Bombax ceiba (Semal), Sterculia, Flacourtia (Kakoh, Kangu), Mallotus (Kamila, Raiuni) and Acacia catechu (Kath). Common shrubs are Adhatoda (Bankar, Basuti, Bansha), Gymnosporia (Putaki) and Indigofera (Kathi, Kainthi).

THE TEMPERATE FORESTS are mostly evergreen natural forests of conifers, growing between elevations of 1500-4000 meters above sea level in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan and Kashmir. Economically coniferous forests are more important as they are Pakistan’s major sources of commercial timber. temperate forests of Pakistan are sub-divided into moist and dry temperate, depending on the rainfall. Moist temperate forests of Pakistan are concentrated in the northern districts of Muree and Galiat hills, Kaghan valley, Kashmir region, Allai valley, Siran valley and Swat Valley while dry temperate forests are mostly found in the northern districts of Dir, Chitral, Kohistan, Diamer and Gilgit etc.

SUB-TROPICAL FORESTS are found in the lower reaches of Himalya, Hindukush and Sulaiman Ranges between 600-1700 m above sea level. These forests are subdivided into sub tropical broad-leaved forest and sub tropical pine forests. Kau, phulai & Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) is the major specie found.

RIVERS

CHINABINDUS VALLEY

JEHLUM RAVI SUTLUJ

THE RIVER CHINAB: is also a major river in Pakistan. Chenab River is generally considered to be the second healthiest river of country after River Indus. This river begins from Himachal Pradesh, provinces of India. It enters Pakistan at Sialko. The length of river in pakistan is about 724 km & the important engineering projects are Marala Barrage & khanki Barrage

THE INDUS RIVER: is the most famous, major and the longest river in Pakistan. It crosses the Himalayas through a 5181 m deep gorge near Attock, lying north of the Nanga Parbat and later takes a bend to the south west direction before entering Sarhad. Total length of river is about 2700 km. The famous Dam Tarbela & GaziBrotha Hydro Power Project are the most important engineering works on this river. Blind Dolfin is found in this river

THE JHELUM is also another major river in Pakistan. This is a large eastern river of the Indus, and amongst the few rivers that begin from Kashmir. The Mangla Dam the second large dam of Pakistan is constructed on this river which is also one of the largest land-fill dams and a famous attractive spot for the tourists. Its reservoir are irrigating about 3,000,000 acres of land in Pakistan and its electricity production capacity is 300 MW. Total length in Pakistan is 379 miles

THE RAVI is a famous river of Pakistan. Ravi origins in the Himalayas in the Indian State of Himachal Pradesh. Lahore, a famous, historical, ancient city and the capital of Punjab is situated at the bank of ravi River. Hydrology of Ravi River is dependent on spring snow melt. The length in Pakistan is 675 km the important engineering works are Balloki and Sindh nai head works.

RIVER SUTLUJ is the longest river It Flows from Northwest and West – South West via Himalayan valleys Sutlej River has also its another name i. e Red River. According to sindh tas India has stopped its water supply completely to Pakistan by construction of different dams and barrages. Now only in case of flood its water flows to Pakistan. Its total length in Pakistan in about 526 km. important engineering are Dialpir canal, Islam Barrage, SulemankiBarrye

NATURAL RESOURCES:

Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form.

Natural resources are derived from the environment

Examples of natural resources are air, water, wood, crude oil, solar energy, wind energy, hydro-electric energy, and coal

NATURAL RESOURCES

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

NONRENEWABLERESOURCES

Coal is used in thermal power station, for making bricks and furnaces. About 80 percent of cement industry has now switched over to indigenous coal. The coal field in the SINDH PROVINCE has huge coal resources of about 175 billion tones. Pakistan is blessed with coal reservoirs in SINDH, PUNJAB & BALOCHISTAN. Majorly found in THAR, HARNAI,QUETTA & other sites.

COAL MINE IN BALOCHISTAN

The miraculous Pakistan is blessed with large reserves of natural gas by the ALLAH. Natural gas is used in domestic cooking, thermal power stations and steel furnaces and as a raw material for fertilizer industry and in CNG kits for transport purpose. The Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in the Pakistan. It is located near SUI in BALOCHISTAN & also found in Attock, Pirkoh and Kandhkot. The SUI gas field accounts for 26% of Pakistan’s gas production. Remaining reserves are estimated to be at about 800 billion cubic feet and the daily production is around 660 million cubic feet of natural.

Pakistan is the only country for having the worlds largest salt mines with proven reserves of about 10 billion ton in three mines including more than 6.687 billion ton only in the Khewra rocky salt mine, located in the area of district Jhelum. Other two salt mines are Warcha and Kalabagh.

ROCK SALT MINE IN KHEWRA (PUNJAB)

GOLD- In Reko Diq, Baluchistan, deposits of gold are present. Pakistan have enough gold that it can collect more gold than America and China in its reserves but only will is needed.

GOLD MINE IN BALOCHISTAN (REKO DIQ)

COPPER MINE CHROMITE MINE AT CHAGAI

SULPHUR MINE LIMESTONE MINE IN POTOHAR

SULPHUR MAGNESITE IRON

COPPER PETROLEUM CHROMITE

MARBLE GYPSUM LIME STONE

CLAY BARITE SOAP STONE

QUARTZTOPAZ

RUBY

ZIRCON

EMERALDFELD-SPAR