Bcwwa 2008 Wireless Data Communications for Water 1213173368240092 9

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1 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008

Wireless Data Communications

for SCADA Systems

Presented by:

Dan Ehrenreich

Motorola Inc.

BCWWA ConferenceWhistler, April 2008




Advanced SCADA Features

Networking(Communication Anywhere to Anywhere)

Data Reliability(No Communication Errors)

Data Security(Immune to Intrusion)

CommunicationNetwork




“Open” Communication Solutions

Versatile IEDs

• Pressure Control

• Flow calculations

• Pumps Start

• etc.

SCADA

• Wonderware• Intellution• Factorylink• etc.

• 900 Mhz Conventional

• 900MHz S.Spectrum

• Analog Trunking

• VHF / UHF Conventional

• UHF-900 MHz MAS System

• Telco Network

• GSM/GPRS

• Satellite

• Microwave…….

VersatileInterface

• MODBUS• DNP 3.0• OPC• MDLC over TCP/IP• etc.

VersatileMedia

Applications

• Pressure/Flow• Maintenance• Leak detection• etc.

PLC Interface

•Allen Bradley

• Modicon

• Etc.




A Communication Oriented RTU 1/3

ProgrammableController

Communication Modem,

Remote

Control

LocalControl

A powerful combination of two functions:

– Programmable Logic Controller

– Communication Modem





LocalControl of

RemoteSites

ReportingBy

Event

Node

Linkingtwo Media

Protocol

Converterfor PLCLinks

Store andForwardRepeater

F1-F1

TimeSynchroniz

ation

RTU





LocalProcess

NetworkComm.

++

+++

-

+

Pollingvia radio

Reportby Event

PLC

RTU




“Store and Forward” Links

S&F

FIU

All radio links may use thesame frequency !

S&F

Repeater

RTU

RTU

RTU

SCADA HMI




Backup Links Enhance Reliability

IP Gateway

DamagedWire-line

Backup

Radio

RF

SCADAControl Center

Line

RF

RTU

Radio

RTU

RTU

RTU RF




Wide Area SCADA-Data Network

ToolBox

PrimaryWater SCADA

SecondaryMCC

Ethernet

Ethernet

IPGateway Line Based

network

S&FRepeater

RTU andComm. Node

RTU forPumping Station

RTU forReservoir

IP

S&FRepeater




Complex SCADA System

MainToolBox

Primary

MCC

SecondaryMCC

Remote Ethernet

Local Ethernet

IP GatewayLineBased IP

RTU & DataComm. Node

RemoteToolBox

Wireline Comm.

RTU & DataComm.S&F


(SLIP)

Wireline

Comm.


RTU & DataComm. NodePrime Link

BackupLink

Prime Link

Prime Link

Printer

BackupLink

TS




Reporting in Wireless SCADA Systems

• Cyclic Polling of RTUs– Complete Polling - “Tell me about all your conditions”

• Time consuming process not suitable for wireless media

– Report by Exception – “Tell me about only what changed”

• Change of state that does not require immediate attention

– Cyclic Health Check - “Indicate shortly that you are alive” • To minimize the health check cycle (leave time gaps for alarms)

• Initiating Unsolicited Messages– Report By Event - Predefined Alarm conditions

• Must get immediate attention of the operator (critical alarms)

• Group Calls– Burst messages – “Everyone Accept this Message”

• No acknowledgement is expected (“all keep quite for 5 minutes”)




Multiple Address System Network

Site 2

SCADA

Site 1

RemoteProgramming

F2

F1

F2

F1

Using the 7-Layerprotocol sites maybe configured forsingle frequency F3

F3

F3 F3

F3

RTURTU

RTU

RTU

F1F2




Wireless IP Connection with SCADA

Master

ControlCenter ProgrammingToolBox

IP

NetworkEthernet

Wireless IPInfrastructure

IPGateway

IP Con.

IP Con.

RTU

IP Con.

IP Con.

Programming

STS

IP Con.

RTU

900 MHz – 5.7 GHz

RTU




Wireless GSM/GPRS Network

Site 4

Site 1

Site 2

Site 3

SCADA

Micro WaveBack Bone

Voice

Voice

Voice

RTU

RTURTU

RTU

http://www.telematrix.co.il/data/categdoc1036/categdoc1036.asp?mCatID=1036






Combined PLC and I/Os with RTU

WirelessNetwork

Customer Site

RTU With radio

STSToolBox

I/OControl

Installed PLC or IED

I/O

Control

PLC or IEDwith Nativeprotocol




SCADA Security Incident Trends

5

12 2 2

34

1

6

13

28

18

6

1 9 8 2

- 1 9

9 3 1 9

9 4 1 9

9 5 1 9

9 6 1 9

9 7 1 9

9 8 1 9

9 9 2 0

0 0 2 0

0 1 2 0

0 2 2 0

0 3 2 0

0 4

S e p t

. 2 0 0 5

* Projected

20* 22*

Something BigChanges Here

Source: Eric Byres




Combined Set of Solutions May Help

• Physical Security– Provide adequate security to remote sites

• Firewalls– Protecting the corporate network

• Use of private data network– Public networks are often vulnerable

• Use of “complex” protocol structure – Need for specific analyzer

• Communications Security– Combined Encryption and Authentication

– Multiple passwords across the system, etc.

IPGateway

MasterControlCenter




Cost Saving Analysis 1/2

• Calculate the overall Economic factors:– Cost of lost potable water due to bursts and leakages

– Cost of electric energy during designated period

– Cost for repairs and replacement of equipment

– Cost travel to remote sites for periodic checkup

– Cost of system supervision and manual data collection

Cost (without SCADA) – Cost (with SCADA)

Saving = -------------------------------------------------------------- (%)Cost (without SCADA)




Cost Saving Analysis 2/2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Without SCADA With SCADA

Cost of lost potable water due to

bursts and leakages

Cost of electric energy during

designated period

Cost for repairs and replacement

of equipment

Cost travel to remote sites for

periodic checkup

Cost of manual data collection

Total




With Simple Protocol

• Network Addressing

• Error Detection

& Message Retry

• Diagnostics

• Data Security

• Main Application

With Layered Protocol

•Built In

•Built In

•Built In

•Built In

• Main Application

System Programming Tasks

Bcwwa 2008 Wireless Data Communications for Water 1213173368240092 9

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