BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)1 Man and Environment Asst. Dr. Nantana Gajaseni.

BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 1

Man and Environment

Asst. Dr. Nantana Gajaseni<[email protected]>

BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 2

What is environment?

Q. What is environment? A. It depends!

Q. Depends on what? A. Depends on "Environment

of whom?"

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Q. How about “environment of human”?

A.Wait and see!

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Q. Who is "human"? A. Wait until the next section!

Q. Is human a living object? A. ?

BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 5The human animal

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Q 1. What is living object?

Q 2. What are differences

between living and non-living

objects?

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A. From biological perspective:

Life = biosystems organized by

interactions between biological

components interacting with physical

environments, and become a unified

whole with capacity to maintain

homeostasis and self-perpetuation

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Sign of life

1. Highly complex organization = all other characteristics of life emerge from an organism’s complex organization

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2. Self-homeostasis =

Self-maintenance of a

steady-state internal

environment in the

variations of

external

environment.

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3. Self-perpetuation

= Life comes only from life.

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4. Growth and development = the increment of volume and changes in structure and functions to suit with new form of life

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Insert larva picture

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5. Interactions = Life needs energy and matter utilization for maintenance of life

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6. Adaptation = Life evolve as a result of the interaction between organisms and their environments

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7. Response = Life adjusts itself to the environment.

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From biological perspective, these are biological spectrum

Biotic components

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รู�ป biotic component

Cell

Gene Org

an

Organism

Populations

Communities

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Biotic components cannot survive in isolation.

They must interact with physical

or a biotic environments.

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Generalized diagram of inputs, throughputs, and outputs in a system

System Throughputs (flows)

System InputsSystem Outputs

Information

Energy

Matter

Information

Energy

Matter

Useless information

Waste heat

Waste matter

Useless information

Waste heat

Waste matter

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Interaction between each biotic

level with physical environment

through energy, matter, and

information produces

characteristic functional system.

"Biosystem" or "life"

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Organizational hierarchy in nature

can be seen from "universe"

down to "subatomic particles".

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รู�ป solar system

Milky way

Galaxy

Universe

Solar system

Earth

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The natural world is organized,

diverse, dynamic, and yet

complex.

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Q. How can life be seen in nature?

A. A hierarchy of

organization of matter.

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Fig 3-6

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Then, there is hierarchy

of biosystems.

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Q. What is the determinant of life?

A. Environment by

evolutionary processes.

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Fig 20’

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Q. How did life emerge on the Earth?

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Fig 8-11 (21’)

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Transparency 78

Fig 6-5 summary of the evolution of the earth and its life.

Chemical evolution

1 billion years

Biological evolution3.7 billion

years

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Q. Is human a hierarchy of organization of matter?

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Q. What is the difference of

“interaction between man and e

nvironment” and “interaction

between other organisms and e

nvironment”?

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A. Organisms adapt themselves

to the environments.

While

“Human modify environments to

suit themselves ”.

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Human environment

2 groups

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1. Natural environment: 4 spheres

1.1 Biosphere = Space occupied by life

1.2 Atmosphere = Space occupied by air

1.3 Lithosphere = Space occupied by solid

1.4 Hydrosphere = Space occupied by

water

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How do the 4 spheres really exist?

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Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Ecosphere

Biosphere

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2. Man-made environment

2.1 Anthropogenic ecosystems

2.2 Physical structures

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What are the Functions of Natural Environment?