Basketball signals mech-2014

2014Basketball Officials Clinic

3 person mechanics

Primary Areas of Coverage

C - Referee Off Ball, look for illegal screens, going through screens, displacement, holding, etc.

L – Mirror ball, referee the lane/post area: T – Get angle/position & on-ball coverage; 3 pt coverage

Lines of Responsibility

• Lead only has baseline– If doing duties and looking at primary, WILL

need help on some opposite side out of bounds

• (blow whistle with arm up & look to Center)

• Trail has his/her sideline, midcourt line, and backcourt line (when appropriate)

• Center has own sideline (may help with midcourt if rotating or transition)

Lines of Responsibility: T-Green, C-Yellow, L-Blue

Throw-In Responsibilities• Always put the player between you and the basket

• “T” handles all throw-ins in the backcourt, regardless of location (“bump and run,” if necessary)

• “T” may bounce any sideline or end line throw-in (may depend on defensive pressure)

• “C” out of bounds, always have 2 officials ball side for throw in—essentially the “C” becomes the new “T”

Shot & Rebound Coverage

• Lead should not be positioned within lane lines

• Both C and T should close down on shots

• C is primarily responsible for weak side rebounding

Three-Point Shot Coverage

• Lead should not be positioned within lane lines

• If both C and T indicate the 3-pt attempt, T should referee the defense on the shooter and stay with the shot; C should release and cover rebounding

• C/T should mirror the other official’s “good” signal

• Lead only signals on fast break or in SS corner, never good

When to initiate rotation at Lead

YOU HAVE TO USE YOUR PERIPHERAL VISION AT ALL TIMES!!!!!

• Aim to have two people strong-side (ball-side) if possible• The ball is below the free throw line extended (inside 3

pt. line) for an extended period of time• If in the frontcourt (fast break) all 3 officials and the ball

are in frontcourt status and the ball is weak-side • The player has received the ball weak-side and …– Is definitely putting the ball into the post to a big man/woman (Think

SHAQ…)– Has consistently beaten his/her man and looks to drive a lot

• Person at 3 pt line, looking to drive baseline also

When not to rotate?

• Quick jump shots• Ball is being tossed around the arc or dribbled

around the arc without making a drive to the basket

• When all 3 officials and the ball are not in the frontcourt

• Last few seconds to quarter or half• Loose ball when no team possession is gained

– Exception: To get a better angle for a foul/jump ball• Then fix the move by going back to original position

Responsibilities while rotating• Lead must swivel head so that he/she still can

call “old” primary area (lane area) until fully established in new position– Don’t pivot early, get to new primary the pivot finishing

rotation

• Trail & “C” must focus on primary area until Lead gets into new “Lead” position– STAY WITH COMPETITIVE MATCHUPS AS

NEEDED• Use body language so partner know you are staying with

players

BETTER TO HAVE 2 C’S THAN 2 TRAILS

WHEN ROTATING!

Trail Positioning

• Work the angles and see space– Move to improve

• Don’t get stuck too far in court– In way for transitions

Press Coverage• Old Lead/New

Trail stay out of bounds until ball goes above FT line

• Has ballhandler & defender

• Center stays at FT line & moves w/ second wave of players

• L should have deepest player in front and boxed-in

• All officials prepare for help calls

C responsibilities in transition

• Center may have ball responsibilities on quick passes

• In any transition, can call across court to other sideline

• May have best view across paint even in front court play

Foul Reporting Mechanics

• Switch with the least amount of transition

• Calling official freeze after call & notify players/partners situation

• Clean up before reporting – Report Foul & Stay Table side

• Hustle around players & Stop in reporting area

– Table side official go to calling official’s previous area for throw-in or prepare FT

• Do not cross vision line of reporting official

Free Throw Mechanics: Non-rebounding free throw

Trail bring in subs

Free Throw Mechanics: Rebounding free throw

Both Trail and Center step down on FT and Center chop clock, lead picks up arm to chop if made basket

Last Second Shot• C or T – Opposite table official is

responsible

• L may need to offer assistance or be responsible if on fast break

• Responsible official should communicate with partners that he/she has the last second shot (discussed during pre-game)

Questions?

• Next up mechanics and calls

Calling a Violation

• Blow Whistle– Give a sharp blast – Weak whistles =

indecision

• Raise arm – Open hand – Straight in the air

• Give proper mechanic for the violation which occurred

Directional Signal

• When the ball goes out-of-bounds:

1. Sharply blow your whistle

2. Raise your arm with an open palm

3. Signal direction for new possession

Violations• Floor Violations: Traveling, Illegal

Dribble, Basket Interference, Carry

• Free Throw Violations: Offensive and defensive (learn about in STATIONS)

• Throw-In Violations??

10 Second Back Court Violation

A team must advance the ball beyond the center court line in 10 seconds.

The Official will administer a visible 10 second count.

“Over-and-Back” Violation• An offensive player

with the ball may not cross back over the half-court line once they have advanced the ball beyond mid-court. – A player that jumps from

the frontcourt without the ball, catches the ball in the air, and lands in backcourt is legal because they never established possession in the frontcourt.

–It is NEVER a violation on It is NEVER a violation on a throw-in. The ball can a throw-in. The ball can be thrown anywhere. be thrown anywhere.

THE THE POINTSPOINTS: Right : Right Foot, Left Foot, and Foot, Left Foot, and BallBall

“Palming the Ball”/Carry• Player rolls his wrist

over the ball in an attempt to gain an advantage– Most players carry with

their normal dribble.

– Distinguish between a person’s normal dribble and an attempt to gain an advantage.

– A “Carry” is a specific form of traveling.

Traveling• Player is not allowed to

travel/walk with the ball– Pivot Foot: Player commits to a

pivot foot by landing on that foot first

• If player makes a good jump stop, they can establish either foot as their pivot foot.

• Player may pick up their pivot foot, but must get rid of the ball before returning it to the ground.

– Player cannot jump with the ball and return to the ground without releasing the ball.

• Jump Stop??

Illegal Dribble/Double Dribble

– Not an Illegal Dribble:

• Ball has been batted/contacted by opponent

• Loose Balls• After a shot attempt

Players cannot start a dribble after their Players cannot start a dribble after their first dribble has ended, or put two hands first dribble has ended, or put two hands on the ball while dribbling.on the ball while dribbling.

Kick Violation

• It is a violation to INTENTIONALY kick the ball with any part of the leg or foot.

• Results in loss of possession for the violating team.

Lane Violation (3 count)

• Use preventive officiating before calling: – “Get out of the key Red!”– If a player is on their way

out don’t call it– If player doesn’t move after

the warning, call the violation

An offensive player An offensive player may not have any may not have any part of their body in part of their body in the lane, while the the lane, while the ball is in the front ball is in the front court, for more than court, for more than three seconds.three seconds.

Count resets when??Count resets when??

5 Second Violation

• Five second violations occur for: – Throw-ins– Closely-guarded

1. Blow your whistle.

2. Signal the stop clock violation.

3. Give 5-second violation mechanic.

Legal Guarding

• GUARDING: it is the act of legally placing a body in

the path of an offensive opponent. Every player is entitled to a spot on the floor provided such player gets there first without illegally contacting an opponent. A player who extends an arm, shoulder, hip, or leg into the path of an opponent is NOT considered to have a legal position if contact occurs.

• Obtaining a legal guarding position:– The guard must have both feet touching the floor – The front of the guard’s torso must be facing the opponent.

Closely Guarded

• Closely guarded is when a defensive player is “actively” guarding a player and is within six feet.– 6 feet is the Distance– 5 seconds is the Count

• Closely guarded only applies to when the ball is in the FRONTCOURT.

• The 5 count resets every time there is a change in the ball handler’s “status”:– A player can hold the ball for 4 ½ seconds.– Then dribble for 4 ½ seconds.– Then hold the ball for 4 ½ seconds before they have to get rid of

the ball.

Not Closely Guarded

• THE COUNT ENDS…– if the defense is not

within 6 ft.– anytime an offensive

player gets their head and shoulders past the defense

– anytime the defense is not between the player with the ball and the basket

The defensive player may switch The defensive player may switch with another defender:with another defender:

the count will continue as the count will continue as long as the long as the 6 ft6 ft barrier is not barrier is not brokenbroken

Jump Ball Held Ball Jump Ball Held Ball

Jump Ball – when Jump Ball – when opponents each have opponents each have their hands on the ball their hands on the ball and neither can establish and neither can establish possession possession

Held Ball – when the Held Ball – when the defense prevents an defense prevents an airborne shooter from airborne shooter from releasing the ball during a releasing the ball during a blockblock

RESULT Alternating Possession

Goaltending Goaltending FOUR REQUIRED FOUR REQUIRED

ELEMENTSELEMENTS1.1. A shot or tapA shot or tap

2.2. Downward flightDownward flight

3.3. Ball above the level Ball above the level of the basketof the basket

4.4. The shot has a The shot has a chance to go inchance to go in

AWARD THE POINTS AFTER A GOALTENDING CALL AGAINST THE DEFENSE

Basket Interference• Occurs when a player…

– touches the ball, basket, or net when the ball is ON or within the basket

– touches the ball while it is on the cylinder

– touches the ball outside the cylinder while reaching through the basket from below.

If committed by the Defense If committed by the Defense Award the pointsAward the points

If committed by the Offense If committed by the Offense disallow the points and grant disallow the points and grant possession to the defensive teampossession to the defensive team

“No Basket! No Basket!”

• A basket, scored after a violation, must be waived off.

• This call must be “sold”…– Be LOUD– Use emphatic signals– Show no indecision– Don’t hesitate

Time Outs• Three Timeouts• Each T.O. is for 1

Minute in Duration• These do not carry

into Overtime Periods

TIMEOUTS CAN BE GRANTED WHEN…

1. A team is in possession of the ball (player with the ball, or bench personnel)

2. Any DEAD BALL situation (either team may request one)

Hits: The Standard Hack

• HIT : Illegal contact with the ball handler.

“White, #42, hit. Black on the side.”

Hand Checks• HAND CHECKING: illegal

personal contact by a defensive player, which impedes the forward or lateral movement of the ball holder.

• Call the foul if the defender…– Impedes or restricts the

movement– Dislodges or jabs an opponent– continually leaves a hand on an

opponent

Push

• PUSH: illegal contact by extending of arms which influences the movement of an opponent.

“Red, #31, push. Two shots.”

Holding

• HOLDING: Illegal contact that impedes the lateral or vertical movement of an opposing player.

“Gold, #2, holding. Red ball on the side.”

Double Fouls

• DOUBLE FOUL: simultaneous personal fouls by a member of each team.

• Play from POI.– If no clear possession at

POI (i.e. loose ball, shot), results in alternating possession.

This is a great call This is a great call to clean up overly to clean up overly aggressive post play.aggressive post play.

Block

• BLOCK: Illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of an opponent.

• ISSUES w/ CALLING BLOCKS

– “Referee the Defense”– Principle of Verticality– Blarges!

Principle of Verticality• Applies to being in a legal guarding position.• Player must remain in their “vertical plane”.

– Arms must be STRAIGHT UP.– Player can jump vertically, but not out of the vertical

plane.• Player must avoid contact with their lower body

outside of their vertical plane.• Offensive player may not “intrude” a defensive

player’s vertical plane in an attempt to clear them out.

• A player that sticks out an arm, shoulder, hip or leg, into the path of an opponent is NOT considered to be in legal guarding position – and is responsible for that contact.

Player Control Foul • PLAYER CONTROL: offensive player

makes illegal contact with a defensive player in a previously established legal guarding position.

• A player moving with the ball is required to stop or change direction to avoid contact with a defender in a legal position.

PLAYER CONTROL FOULS = Loss of possession / no free throws

Intentional Foul• Foul committed with no

attempt to play the ball when the person being fouled has a “clear” attempt at a scoring opportunity.– Make sure they are not making

any play on the ball.

– If severe enough it becomes a flagrant foul

• Result: 2 free throws (clear the lane) and the ball for the team that is fouled.

Technical Fouls • Never allow a player to disrespect you, the game, or a fellow IM staff member.

• Technical Fouls are called when a player or team has violated the spirit of the game, disrespected the game, and/or disrespected a player.

Situations for a T• Any form of harassment towards a player

or staff member (possible ejection)

• Baiting, taunting, showboating, or spitting• Fighting, pushing, shoving (automatic ejection)

• “Acts of Deception”– Waving a hand in an opponent’s face– Distractions during a free throw

More Technical Fouls

• Delay of game

• Crossing the out-of-bounds plane and touching the ball

• Any flagrant foul (automatic ejection)

• Slapping the backboard to redirect a shot• Example : a player shoots on the right side of the

hoop and a defensive player on the left side smacks the backboard to make the ball rattle out of the cylinder.