Basics of Flowchart and Counters

8/3/2019 Basics of Flowchart and Counters

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BASICS OF

FLOWCHARTFLOWCHART

ANDAND

COUNTERSCOUNTERS


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION The flowchart is aThe flowchart is a

means of visuallymeans of visuallypresenting the flowpresenting the flowof data through anof data through aninformationinformation

processing systems,processing systems,the operationsthe operationsperformed withinperformed withinthe system and thethe system and the

sequence in whichsequence in whichthey are performed.they are performed.

It is the visualIt is the visualrepresentation ofrepresentation of

any algorithm.any algorithm.


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GUIDELINES FOR DRAWING AGUIDELINES FOR DRAWING A

FLOWCHARTFLOWCHARTFlowcharts are usually drawn using someFlowcharts are usually drawn using some

standard symbols; however, some specialstandard symbols; however, some special

symbols can also be developed whensymbols can also be developed when

required. Some standard flowchart symbols,required. Some standard flowchart symbols,

which are frequently required forwhich are frequently required for

flowcharting many computer programs areflowcharting many computer programs are

shown in the next slide.shown in the next slide.


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FLOWCHARTFLOWCHART In drawing a proper flowchart, allIn drawing a proper flowchart, all

necessary requirements should benecessary requirements should belisted out in logical order.listed out in logical order.

The flowchart should be clear, neatThe flowchart should be clear, neatand easy to follow. There shouldand easy to follow. There shouldnot be any room for ambiguity innot be any room for ambiguity inunderstanding the flowchart.understanding the flowchart.

The usual direction of the flow of aThe usual direction of the flow of aprocedure or system is from left toprocedure or system is from left toright or top to bottom.right or top to bottom.

Only one flow line should come outOnly one flow line should come out

from a process symbol.from a process symbol. Only one flow line should enter aOnly one flow line should enter a

decision symbol, but two or threedecision symbol, but two or threeflow lines, one for each possibleflow lines, one for each possibleanswer, should leave the decisionanswer, should leave the decisionsymbol.symbol.


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FLOWCHARTFLOWCHART Only one flow line is used in conjunction with terminalOnly one flow line is used in conjunction with terminal

symbol.symbol.

If the flowchart becomes complex, it is better to useIf the flowchart becomes complex, it is better to useconnector symbols to reduce the number of flow lines. Avoidconnector symbols to reduce the number of flow lines. Avoidthe intersection of flow lines if you want to make it morethe intersection of flow lines if you want to make it more

effective and better way of communication.effective and better way of communication. Ensure that the flowchart has a logical start and finish.Ensure that the flowchart has a logical start and finish.


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COUNTERSCOUNTERS

In software engineering, a loop counter is the term oftenIn software engineering, a loop counter is the term oftenused to refer to the variable that controls the iterations of aused to refer to the variable that controls the iterations of aloop (a computer programming language construct). It is soloop (a computer programming language construct). It is sonamed because most uses of this construct result in thenamed because most uses of this construct result in thevariable taking on a range of integer values in some orderlyvariable taking on a range of integer values in some orderly

sequence (e.g., starting at 0 and end at 10 in increments ofsequence (e.g., starting at 0 and end at 10 in increments of1)1)

Loop counters change with each iteration of a loop,Loop counters change with each iteration of a loop,providing a unique value for each individual iteration. Theproviding a unique value for each individual iteration. The

loop counter is used to decide when the loop shouldloop counter is used to decide when the loop shouldterminate and for program flow to continue to the nextterminate and for program flow to continue to the nextinstruction after the loop.instruction after the loop.


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

BY GARIMA KUMARIBY GARIMA KUMARI

AND JATIN. P. SHARMAAND JATIN. P. SHARMA

Basics of Flowchart and Counters

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