Basics of Electricity Milady’s Standard Cosmetology Cosmetology: ©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved
Mar 27, 2015
Basics of Electricity
Milady’s Standard Cosmetology
Cosmetology:
©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
“Competition is a by-product of productive work, not its goal. A creative man is
motivated by the desire to achieve, not by the desire to beat others”
Ayn Rand
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Objectives• Define the nature of electricity and the
two types of electric current..
• Define electrical measurements.• Understand the principles of electrical
equipment safety.• Define electric modalities used in
cosmetology.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Objectives• Explain electromagnetic radiation and the
visible spectrum of light.
• Describe the types of light therapy and their benefits.
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Electricity• Electric current• Conductor
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Insulator• Nonconductor – does not easily transmit electricity
– Rubber– Silk– Wood– Glass– Cement
• Complete circuit
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Types of Electric Current• Direct current (DC)• Alternating current (AC)• Converters• Rectifiers
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Electrical Measurements• Volt: measures pressure• Ampere: measures strength• Milliampere: 1/1000th of an amp• Ohm: measures resistance• Watt: measures energy used in 1 second• Kilowatt: equals 1000 watts
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Safety Devices• Fuse• Circuit breaker
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Electrical Equipment Safety• Inspect regularly• Don’t overload circuits• Check for UL approval• Ensure appliances are grounded
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Hints for Safety• Ensure UL certification• Read instructions• Disconnect when not in use• Inspect equipment regularly• Keep wires, plugs, equipment in good
repair• Use one plug per outlet
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Hints for Safety
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Avoid contact with water or metal• Don’t leave client• Keep cords off floor• Don’t clean area when plugged in• Don’t touch 2 metallic objects if either
is connected to current
Hints for Safety
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Don’t step on or set objects on cords• Don’t let cords become twisted or bent• Pull plug, not cord• Don’t repair unless qualified• Don’t force plugs into outlets
Hints for Safety
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Electrotherapy• Electrotherapy: electronic facial
treatments• Wall plate• Modalities• Electrodes
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Polarity• Positive pole (anode, red)• Negative pole (cathode, black)• Test one• Test two
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Polarity Test One• Separate tips and immerse in saltwater• Set on galvanic current and turn up
intensity• As water is decomposed, more active
bubbles will accumulate at negative pole
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Polarity Test Two• Place conducting cord tips on blue
moistened litmus paper• Paper under positive pole will turn red• Paper under negative pole will stay
blue
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Galvanic Current• Active electrode• Inactive electrode
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Positive Pole Results• Acidic reactions• Closes pores• Soothes nerves• Decreases blood supply• Contracts blood vessels• Firms tissues• Pulls acid solutions into skin
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Negative Pole Results• Alkaline reactions result• Opens pores• Stimulates nerves• Increases blood supply to skin• Expands blood vessels• Softens tissues• Softens and liquefies grease deposits• Forces alkaline solutions into skin
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Iontophoresis• Cataphoresis• Anaphoresis• Desincrustation
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
High-Frequency Current• Tesla: commonly called violet ray• Benefits
– Stimulates blood circulation– Increases glandular activity– Aids in elimination and absorption– Increases metabolism– Improved germicidal action– Relieves congestion
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Other Electrical Equipment• Hood dryers or heat lamps• Curling or flat irons• Heating caps• Processing or accelerating machines• Steamer or vaporizer
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Light Therapy• Visible light
– Electromagnetic radiation– Wavelength– Long wavelengths– Short wavelengths
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Electromagnetic Spectrum• Visible light (35% of natural light)• Ultraviolet and infrared rays• Visible spectrum
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Infrared Rays• 60% of natural sunlight• Long wavelengths• Deepest penetration• Produce most heat• Lamps should be 30” from skin• 5-minute exposure time• Check client comfort frequently• Never leave client unattended
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Visible Light Rays• White light• Blue light• Red light
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Ultraviolet Rays• Ultraviolet Rays – 5% of natural
sunlight• Short wavelengths• Penetrate the least• Produce chemical effects• Kill germs
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Ultraviolet Disadvantages• Can cause skin cancer• 1,000,000 cases diagnosed annually• 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin
cancer• 90% result from UV radiation and
tanning beds
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Ultraviolet Ray Application• Lamp should be 30” – 36” from skin• 2 – 3 minute exposure initially• Increase to 7 – 8 minutes• Avoid overexposure• Never leave client unattended
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Light and Heat Energy – Nail Technology
• Catalysts• UV light
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review• Describe the 2 types of electric current
and give examples of each• List 4 main types of electrical
measurements. What do they measure?
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• List and describe 2 main electric modalities or currents used in cosmetology
• List and describe 2 main types of light therapy
Summary and Review
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• What is electromagnetic radiation?• Name 2 important precautions to observe
when using light therapy
Summary and Review
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
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program completion!