Basic Questions about Aids

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Basic Questions on AIDS & Field Level Research

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GBWm& welqK gwjK ck I gvV chvqi MelYv Wv. Gg G nvmvb c_g cKvk : deqvwi eBgjv 2007 mgq 579 cKvkK dwi` Avng` mgq cKvkb 38/2K evsjvevRvi, XvKv cQ` ae Gl KvR mgq KwDUvm 38/2K evsjvevRvi, XvKv gy`Y mvjgvbx wcUvm bqvevRvi, XvKv g~j : 175.00 UvKv gv AIDS BISHAYK MOULIK PROSHNO O MATH PORJAYER GOBESHENA (Basic Question on AIDS & Field Level Research) by Dr. M A Hasan. First Published Book Fair 2007 by Farid Ahmed, Somoy Prakashan, 38/2ka Banglabazar, Dhaka. Web : www.somoy.com E-mail : [email protected] Price : Tk. 175.00 Only ISBN 984-458-579-1 Code : 579

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m~Pxc Aavq GK fvBivm, GBPAvBwf I GBWm 1.1.1 GBWm Kx? 17 1.1.2 GBWmi bvgKiY Ggb nj Kb? 17 1.1.3 GBPAvBwf fvBivm Kx? 17 1.1.4 fvBivm Kx? 18 1.1.5 fvBivm I evwiqvi ga cv_K Kx? 19 1.2.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivm kixii Kv_vq AvNvZ Ki? 19 1.2.2 iMci m GBPAvBwf msgYi mK 19 1.2.3 GBPAvBwf fvBivm Kx cwqvq kZKwYKvK AvgY Ki? 20 1.3.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivm KiKg nq _vK? 20 1.3.2 GBPAvBwf-1 Ges GBPAvBwf-2 Gi ga Zdvr Kx? 20 1.4.1 GBPAvBwfi wgDUkb (wefvRb ev cwieZb) 21 1.4.2 GBPAvBwf P 21 1.4.3 GK bRi GBPAvBwf P 24 1.4.5 HIV evwos G cvwUqm Gi f~wgKv 25 1.4.6 Kvl K`vwfgyLx fvBivj cvwUbi cwZiva 25 1.5.1 GBPAvBwf Ges GBWmi ga Zdvr Kx? 26 1.6.1 wewfb NvZK fvBivmi Pwii Zzjbvg~jK wek-lY 26 1.6.2 Abvb iUvfvBivmi mv_ GBPAvBwf-Gi mK 27 1.6.3 HILV-1 Ges HTLV-2 Gi Zdvr 27 1.7.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivm wK cwieZbkxj? 28 1.7.2 GBPAvBwf fvBivmwU KZw`b ci Ges wKfve kixi cwZwqv NUvq 29 1.8.1 msgYi ci kixi GBPAvBwfi bxie Aev 29 1.8.2 GBPAvBwf jvUw (Latency) 29 1.8.3 GBPAvBwf Kvwiqvi (Carrier) Aev 29 1.9.1 GBPAvBwfZ Avv nevi ci KLb GBWm nq bv? 29 1.9.2 GBPAvBwf Avv GKRbi Rxeb KZUzKz `xNvwqZ nZ cvi? 30 1.10.1 GBWmi kYxwefvM 30 1.11.1 GBPAvBwf jvUw 31 1.12.1 GBPAvBwf ivMi bZzb msv 32 1.13.1 GBWm ebvg GBPAvBwf ivM 32 1.14. BwgDb eev 33 1.14.1 GBWm msgYi mv_ BwgDb eevi mK Kx? 33 1.15.1 wU-njcvi Kvl msv wKQy K_v 36 1.15.2 wU-Kvli kYx wefvM 36 1.15.3 wU-mvcmi Kvl 36 1.15.4 mvBUvUwK-wU Kvl 36 1.15.5 wU-njcvi Kvl 37

Aavq y`B GBWmi De I wevi 2.1.1 GBWmi BwZnvm Ges wevi (GBWm GwcWwgK I cvbWwgK) 39 2.2.1 GBWmi iUv Kv_vq Ges KLb? 39 2.3.1 AvwdKv I mve-mvnviv Aj GBWmi wevi 41 2.4.1 GBWm ivMi De mK wKQy gZev` 44 2.5.1 RxeR _K gvbyli ga GBWm msgYi cPwjZ aviYv KZUzKz evemZ 45 2.6.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivmi gZ h BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivmjv RxeRMZ _vKZ cvi: 45 2.7.1 hyivi GBWm msv wKQy cwimsLvb 46 2.7.2 bvix I cyilì ga Kviv ewk Avv? 47 2.8.1 GBWm ivMi De mK jLKi gZev` 48

Aavq wZb evsjv`k GBWmi wevi 3.1.1 evsjv`k GBWmi wevi 49 3.2.1 evsjv`ki Avv bvixì msLv wbYq mgmvUv Kv_vq? 56 3.3.1 evsjv`ki fvmgvb hbKgxì Aev: 57

Aavq Pvi GBWmi jY 4.1.1 GBPAvBwf msgYi wewfb i 61 4.2.1 gvUv`vM GBWmi jYjv Kx Kx? 63 4.2.2 GBPAvBwf Avv ewi kixi cv_wgK jY 63 4.2.3 KbwwUDkbvj jY 64 4.3.1 GBWm ivMwU `Lv `qvi cvvj jY I DcmMjv Kgb nq _vK? 64 4.4.1 jwmKvMw dyj hvevi aib 65 4.5.1 GBPAvBwf Iq wmbWgi AMZ KqKwU jY I DcmM 66 4.5.2 w -g wWwRR (Slim disease) Kx? 66 4.6.1 wkì ga GBWm-Gi jYjv Kx aibi? 67 4.7.1 Avvi ZK hmg jY `Lv `q 67 4.8.1 GBWm ivM PvLi mgmv 68 4.9.1 gw Kxfve GBPAvBwf mswgZ nq? 68 4.10.1 hme ivM nj GBPAvBwf-Gi K_v fveZ ne 69

Aavq cuvP GBPAvBwf Avvì ga hme ivM `Lv `q 5.1.1 GBWm Avv nj cwZwqv wnmve h mg ivM nq 71 5.2.1 GBWm ivM Avviv mvaviYZ wbwjwLZ AYyRxe I ciRxex msv ivM Avv nq 71 5.3.1 cvUvRvqv RvZxq BbdKkb: wbDgvwmmwUm Kvwiwb 72 5.4.1 evwiqv RvZxq msgY 75 5.5.1 ivPvjwgqv 76 5.6.1 mvjgvbjv 76 5.7.1 gvBKvevwiqvg BbdKkb 77 5.8.1 QvK RvZxq msgY 78 5.9.1 vqy msv RwUjZv 79 5.10.1 ìvM msv RwUjZv 79

5.11.1 GK bRi h ivM I jYmg~n `L GBWmi K_v fveZ ne 80 5.11.2 mvaviYZ Kx Kx xivM I hbivM wbq GBPAvBwf Avviv wPwKrmKi wbKU Avm? 80 5.11.3 Wvqwiqvi mv_ GBPAvBwf msgYi mK Kx? 82

Aavq Qq GBPAvBwf kbvKiY I cqvRbxq cv_jwRKvj U 6.1.1 GBWm kbv KiZ h mg U KiZ nq 83 6.2.1 GBPAvBwf wwbs I Abvb U 83 6.3.1 Iqvb e-U U 84 6.4.1 cwjgvim PBb wiAvKkb: 85 6.5.1 wc-24 GwURb cixvwU Kx? 86 6.6.1 GBWm kbvKiYi mnR Kvb cwZ AvQ wK bv 86 6.6.2 mvaviY vb GBPAvBwf Avvì kbv Kiv hvq wK? 89 6.6.3 AbygvbwfwK GBWm wbYq: wKwbKvj Bfvjyqkb 89 6.7.1 Kxfve kbv Kiv hve h GKwU wk GBPAvBwf Avv nqQ? 91 6.8.1 KLb cixv KiZ ne, Kxfve cixv KiZ ne? 91 6.9.1 GBPAvBwf U msv wKQy AvBbMZ I Gw_Kvj evaevaKZv: 91

Aavq mvZ GBWmi Kv-dvi 7.1 GBWmi Kv-dvi 93 7.1.1 hbivM Avvì GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv wK ewk? 94 7.2.1 ngvdvBwjqv ivMx 94 7.3.1 bvixì ga h KviY GBPAvBwf mswgZ nq 95 7.4.1 hmg fvBivm GBPAvBwf msgYK Zivw^Z Ki 96 7.5.1 GBWm ivMi ii m dzi Kvb mK AvQ? 96

Aavq AvU GBPAvBwf msgY SuzwKc~Y Rxeb hvcb 8.1 UvMU Mc 97 8.1.1 KvUvMwi-1: kxl SuywKZ hviv 97 8.1.2 KvUvMwi-2: hvì Avv nevi mvebv AvQ 98 8.1.3 KvUvMwi-3: Avv nevi hviv bvRyK Aevq AvQ 98 8.2 wewfb ckv, kYx I eqmi jvKi ga GBWmi mvebv 99 8.2.1 Kvì Rb GBPAvBwf wwbs evaZvg~jK? 99 8.2.2 Kvb eqwmì ga GBWm msgYi mvebv ewk? 99 8.3 hb AvPiYi m GBWmi mK: 100 8.3.1 mgKvgxì ga GBWm msgYi SuywK KZUzKz? 100 8.3.2 Iivj m 101 8.3.3 jmweqvbì SuywK 101 8.3.4 nUivmyqvjì ga DP nvi GBWm msgYi KviY 102 8.3.5 GKKMvgx : Mvcb mKi gvag GBWm msgY 102 8.3.6 `xNKvji GKK mxi KvQ _K Kxfve GBPAvBwf msgY nZ cvi? GBWm cwZiva hbmxK KZUzKzb Rvbv cqvRb? 103 8.4.1 eMvgx: eMvgxì GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv ewk Kb? 103 8.5.1 hbKgxì Rxeb: Gì GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv ewk Kb? 103

8.5.2 h me hvwbc_ fvBivmhy exh we`gvb _vK: 104 8.6.1 hbmshvM: cvqyc_ wgjb 105 8.6.2 cvqyc_ wgjb AvKwUf I mnhvMx (Passive) mxì SuywK KZUzKz ? 106 8.6.3 bvixi cvqyc_ cyili wgjb 106 8.6.4 cvqyc_ wgwjZ njB GKRb GBWm Avv ne wK bv 107 8.6.5 cvqyc_ ev hvwbc_ exh wbMZ bv njI GBPAvBwf msgY NUe? 107 8.7.1 BbRKkbi m~uPi gvag GBPAvBwf mswgZ nZ cvi? 108 8.7.2 bvixì ga BbRKkbi gvag GBWm Qovevi SuywK KZUzKz? 108 8.7.3 bvixi GB SuzwKi KviY Kx? 108 8.8.1 Kvb wekl Ilya BbRKkbi gvag bkvè MnYKvixì (IDUs) GBWm msgYi SzuwK evovq wK bv? 109 8.9.1 gqì Lvrbv GBPAvBwf msgYi c_ mnR Ki `q? 109 8.10.1 gyLi jvjvi (mvjvBfv) gvag GBPAvBwf Qovq wK bv 109 8.10.2 a~gcvb Ges g`cvb GBPAvBwf msgY KZUzKz f~wgKv ivL? 110 8.11.1 h me KviY g `Ges Ab vb bkvRvZxq c v`_ GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv evwoq ` q 111 8.12.1 gwnjvì gvwmKKvjxb GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv KZUzKz? 111 8.13.1 GBPAvBwf cwZiva RbwbqYi Lvevi ewoi f~wgKv wKiKg? 111 8.14.1 `kgvbfve GBWmi Kvb jY bB, A_P GBPAvBwf cwRwUfGgb ew GBWm Qovq wK? 112 8.14.2 GBWmi jYwenxb GKRb cyil Zvi mxK Avv KiZ cvi wK? 112 8.14.3 GKevi gv hbmshvM njB GBPAvBwf mswgZ ne? 112 8.14.4 GBPAvBwf Avvi m wgwjZ njB wbwZfve ivM mswgZ ne? 112 8.14.5 Rxebi c_g wgjbB GKRb GBPAvBwf Avv nZ cvi wK? 113 8.15.1 AvZ dvi 113 8.16.1 alY, cvPvi Ges bvix `vmZi m GBWmi mK 114 8.17.1 Abvb SuywK 114

Aavq bq wPwKrmK I ^vKgxì SuywK 9.1.1 ckvMZ KviY GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv KZUzKz? 115 9.2.1 mswgZ i wPwKrmvKgxì ZKi msk Avmj Kx nZ cvi? 115 9.2.2 GBPAvBwf Avvi i ^vKgxi PvL, gyL, bvK jM Mj Kx KiZ ne? 115 9.2.3 GwUmcwUK w`j A_ev i Swiq djj GBPAvBwf msgY cwZiva Kiv hve wK? 116 9.3.1 fyj ev `yNUbvg Kvb GBWm Avvi m mshvM NU Mj wKQy Kivi AvQ wK? 116 9.3.2 G aibi `yNUbv NUj Avi Kx KiZ ne? 116 9.4.1 ncvUvBwUm-wm (HCV) msgYi mvebv KZUzKz? 116 9.5.1 G aibi ckvMZ `yNUbv Govevi c_ Kx? 117 9.6.1 `yNUbv _K cwZivi Rb cv GcvRvi wUUgU ev wcBwc 117 9.6.2 cv GcvRvi wUUgU ev wcBwc-G Avi Kx Kiv hvq? 117 9.6.3 hvì ga GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv Zwi nq Zvì `yNUbvi ci Kx Kx Ilya w`Z ne? 118 9.6.4 cv GcvRvi wUUgU bevi mgqmxgv KZUzKz? 118 9.6.5 cv GcvRvi wUUgU eeZ Ilyajv Kx Kx cvkcwZwqv Zwi KiZ cvi? 118 9.6.6 G Aevq gvqiv Kx Kie? 119

9.7.1 WwUì wbKU _K GBPAvBwf ivMi msgY nZ cvi Kx? 119 9.8.1 Abvb SzuwK : 119 9.9 Abvb mevKgxì Avv nevi SzuwK 120 9.9.1 hviv mjyb I cvjvi KvR Ki GBWm _K euvPZ Zviv Kx Kie? 120

Aavq `k GBWm cwZiva 10.1.1 wbivc` hbRxeb: KbWg eenvi I Abvb cwZiv 121 10.1.2 Kvì Rb KbWg eenvi evaZvg~jK? 121 10.1.3 KbWg eenvi h wbqgjv gb Pjv DwPZ 122 10.1.4 KbWg eenvi msv cPvi KZUzKz mv_K nq? 122 10.2.1 GBPAvBwf msgY cwZiva fvBwimvBWvj cqvM 124 10.2.2 wdgj KbWg I mswk- fvBwimvBWvj KZUzKz KvhKi? 125 10.3.1 aZKiY 126 10.4.1 Qjì Lvrbv GBPAvBwf msgYi SzuwK Kgvq? 127 10.5.1 BbRKkbi gvag WvM MnY ceYZv cwZiva Kiv hve Kxfve? 127 10.5.2 wbW&j GP cvMvg KZUzKz KvhKi nZ cvi? 127 10.6.1 GBWm msgY _K euvPvi Rb wK aibi Kgm~wP MnY KiZ ne? 128 10.6.2 mvgvwRK Av`vjb Mo Zvjv 128 10.6.3 kbvKiY Kgm~wP 129

Aavq GMviv GBWm ivM wk I MfeZx gv 11.1.1 GBPAvBwf Avvì MfaviY wK aibi RwUjZv `Lv `q? 131 11.2.1 gv _K wki ga wKfve AvBPAvBwf msgY NU? 131 11.3.1 GBPAvBwf cwRwUf wkì RbMZ Amyweavjv Kx Kx? 132 11.4.1 beRvZK I wkì GBPAvBwf msgY 133 11.4.2 wbivc` wki Rb`vb wK me? 134 11.4.3 gv _K wki ga GBPAvBwf msgY Kxfve cwZiva Kiv hve? 135 11.5.1 eyKi `ya GBPAvBwf wbtmZ nq wK bv 136 11.5.2 GBPAvBwf Avv gvqi `ya wK wki Rb wbivc`? 136 11.6.1 bi euvUv _K GBPAvBwf msgY nZ cvi? 136 11.7.1 MfeZx gv wK GBPAvBwf Avv nZ cvi? 136

Aavq eviv ewZi mv_ GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv Ges Avvi gbvivM I weKvi 12.1 ewZi mv_ GBPAvBwfi mK : 137 12.1.1 GBPAvBwf Avvi gvbwmK ceYZv Kgb? 137 12.2.1 GBPAvBwf msgY ewZ Kx aibi cfve ivL? 138 12.2.2 ewngyLxì PvwiwK ewk Kgb nq _vK? 138 12.2.3 AgyLxì PvwiwK ewk Kgb nq _vK? 139 12.3.1 wigwZ I AwigwZ ewì ewk Kgb nq _vK? 139 12.3.2 Aw igwZ ewngyLx (Instable Extrovert) Mc 140 12.3.3 myw igwZ ewngyLx (Stable extrovert) Mc 141 12.3.4 Aw igwZ AgyLx (Instable Introvert ) Mc 141

12.3.5 mywigwZ AgyLx (Stable Introvert ) Mc 141 12.4 GBWm ivMvvì gvbwmK ^v, gbvivM I weKvi 142 12.4.1 Wwjwiqvg Kx? 143 12.4.2 wWgbwkqv Kx? 143 12.4.3 gvwbqvK wmbWg Kx? 143 12.4.4 weqvM e_v 145 12.4.5 AvZnZvi ceYZv 145 12.4.6 GvsRvBwU Bbmvgwbqv 145 12.4.7 wb `vnxbZv 146

Aavq Ziv - cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxebi mv_ GBWmi bvbv mK 13.1.1 GBPAvBwf Avvì cvwievwiK Rxeb Kgb ne? 147 13.2.1 Avvì msk Avmj GBPAvBwf QovZ cvi? 147 13.2.2 GKB Kvc, M-vm kqvi Kij GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv KZUzKz? 147 13.2.3 fyjg Avvi U z_evk eenvi Kij Kx nZ cvi? 148 13.3.1 GBPAvBwf Avvi eeZ UqjU _K ivM QovZ cvi? 148 13.4.1 GBPAvBwf Avvi Nievwo cwivi KiZ Mj Avv nevi mvebv KZUzKz? 149 13.5.1 GBPAvBwf Avvi nuvwP-Kvwk wK msvgK? 149 13.5.2 Avvi g~ Mvq jvMj wK GBPAvBwf mswgZ nZ cvi? 149 13.5.3 gjg~ fvBivm KZUv _vK? 149 13.5.4 GBPAvBwf Avvi `n we`gvb Nv ev Z Quyj GBPAvBwf ne wK? 149 13.6.1 GBWm Avv ew wK ivbvNi hZ cvie? 150 13.7.1 Avv ivMxì Rb Lvevi `vevi msv Kx aibi mZKZv cqvRb? 150 13.8.1 GBWm ivMvvì cvb Ges Avnvi cyw gvb 150 13.9.1 Lvevi nvUj I iziU _K GBPAvBwf Qovevi mvebv KZUzKz? 151 13.9.2 nvUj eeZ weQvbvi Pvì, Zvqvj BZvw` wK GBPAvBwf QovZ cvi? 151 13.10.1 iwdRviUi wK ivM QovZ cvi? 151 13.11.1 GBPAvBwf msgY evmvb Kvb cfve wevi Ki? 152 13.12.1 gkv viv GBPAvBwf msgY nZ cvi? 152 13.12.2 cvlv cvYx I Abvb RxeR KZK GBWm msgYi mvebv KZUzKz? 152 13.13.1 GBPAvBwf AvvK Pzgy Lj ivM mswgZ nZ cvi? 153 13.13.2 GBWm Avv bZKxi mvwba Gj A_ev bZmx GBWm Avv nj ivMvv nevi mvebv KZUzKz? 153 13.13.3 myBwgs cyj muvZvi KvUj GBPAvBwf QovZ cvi? 154 13.13.4 wRgbwkqvg evqvg KiZ wMq GBWm msgY nZ cvi? 154 13.13.5 wmbgv, wUwf I AvWdvgi wewfb nvDmi gKvc igjvZ A_ev ckv`vi gKvcgvbì eeZ KxU gvidZ GBWm Qovevi mvebv KZUzKy? 154 13.14.1 wmMviU kqvwis-Gi gvag GBPAvBwf mswgZ nZ cvi? 154 13.15.1 ng_yb wK GBWm Qovq? 154 13.15.2 GBPAvBwf Avvì exh mivmwi Mvq jvMj Kx nZ cvi? 155 13.16 GBPAvBwf Avv wkì wkv Rxeb: 155 13.16.1 GBPAvBwf Avviv zj-KjR Mj Kvb mgmv ne wK? 155 13.16.2 GBPAvBwf Avv wkv_xiv Zvì mncvVxì Rb KZUv SuywK Zwi Kie? 155

13.16.3 Avvi ivMi welqwU Mvcb Kivi cqvRb AvQ wK? 156 13.16.4 wKkvi Aciva mskvabx K`jvZ wK aibi mgmv nZ cvi? 156

Aavq P GBWmi wPwKrmv 14.1.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivm webvkx GwU-fvBivj _ivwc Zwii Kkj 157 14.2.1 wifvm Uvwckb-Gi cwZeKZv 158 14.2.2 wbDwKqvmvBW GbvjM 158 14.2.3 GbGbAviwUAvB (NNRTI): 159 14.3.1 Abvb: wifvm Uvwckb BbwnweUim 159 14.3.2 RNASE H Inhibitor : 159 14.3.3 fvBivj wWGbGi BwUMkb cwZeK 160 14.3.4 fvBivj wRb Gckb cwZeKZv 160 14.3.5 wUDgvi bvwmm dvi Ae`gb 161 14.3.6 BwgDbv mvcwmf GRU 161 14.3.7 GwU-AwWvU 161 14.3.8 AviBwf (REV) 161 14.3.9 fvBivj ivBevmvgvj dgwkdwUs 161 14.3.10 GBPAvBwf fvBwiqbjvi mgeZ nIqv I cwiYZ nIqvi c_ evav mw 161 14.3.11 mvBKvmcvwib (cyclosporin) Ae`gb Ges mvBKvdvBwjb (Cyclophilin) Avtwewqvq cwZeKZv mw 163 14.4.1 UwK c`v_ cqvM Ki Amy Kvljv gi djvi Kkj 163 14.4.2 KvcwmW cvwUbi mv_ fvBwiqb AviGbG-Gi cwZeKZv 163 14.4.3 cvwUqvm BbwnweUi 164 14.4.4 wRb _ivwci mgmv 164 14.5.1 GwU iUvfvBivj Ilyajvi cvkcwZwqv 165 14.5.2 wbDwKqvmvBW wifvm UvwcUm BbwnweUii cvkcwZwqv 165 14.5.3 bb-wbDwKqvmvBW wifvm Uvwckb BbwnweUii cvkcwZwqv 166 14.5.4 cvwUqvm BbwnweUii cvkcwZwqv 166 14.6.1 GBPAvBwf Avviv Kx cwqvq my _vKe Ges Kx Kij ivMwU Lvivc chvq hve bv? 166 14.7 GBWm mvcvU Mc 167 14.7.1 Bbdigkbvj mvcvU 167 14.7.2 Bgvkbvj mvcvU 167 14.7.3 wjwfs mvcvU 168 14.8.1 GBWm Avv ivMxi wPwKrmvi cwiek Kgb nIqv DwPZ? 168 14.9 GBPAvBwf ivM cwZla 171 14.9.1 fvBivm cek wbeviK cqvM I cwZivag~jK wPwKrmvq 171 14.9.2 cPwjZ AvaywbK wPwKrmv 171 14.9.3 weK wPwKrmv 171 14.10.1 hme wPwKrmv cwieZb KiZ ne 173 14.11.1 h aibi cwieZb Kvg 174 Dj-Lcw 175

Aavq GK

fvBivm, GBPAvBwf I GBWm

1.1.1 GBWm Kx? GBWm Kvb wekl GKwU ivM bq, AbKjv ivMi GKwZ cKvk| GZ wmwW-4 wjvmvBUi msLv `yki wbP bg hvq Ges jve cixvq i GBPAvBwf cwRwUf nq| Gi m AvbylvwK h mg ivM `Lv w`Z cvi ZviI jve wfwK cgvY _vKvUv evbxq|

1.1.2 GBWmi bvgKiY Ggb nj Kb? GBWm K_vwU Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome-Gi msw AvKvi| Acquired K_vwUi A_ nj GB h, GBWm eskvbyg nq bv wKsev Avcbv _KB kixii ga Rbvq bv| hbmshvMi mgq hvwbc_ I cvqyc_i ewniveiY ev gyLMnii ggebi mv_ hbvi mski gvag A_ev Ab Kvbfve GBPAvBwf fvBivmhy hvwbim ev jvjv GKRbi _K Aci Rbi ga Qwoq coj GB ivM nq _vK| h Kvb `~wlZ i A_ev `~wlZ ii Kbv KYv MnYi gvagI G ivM kixi Qovq|

kixii ivM cwZiva eevi bvg nj BwgDb wmg| wewfb ivM GUvK wZM KiZ cvi| GBPAvBwfi cavb jB nj GB cwZiva eevwU| GBPAvBwf Avv nevi dj kixi wU-njcvi Kvl Kg hvq| GUvK BwgDbvWwdwmqw ej|

wmbWg (syndrome) GKwU GKK ivM bq, GwU AbKjv ivM Ges Zvi jYi mg^q| Avi GB mejv welq GK msw AvKvi Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome ev AIDS ivMi GKwU msw eYbv `q|

1.1.3 GBPAvBwf fvBivm Kx? GBPAvBwf fvBivm Dci ewYZ Dcvq Qwoq cov Ggb GKwU wekl fvBivm hv kixii ivM cwZiva eevK wZM Ki| GBPAvBwf kwUi c~Yic nj, Human Immunodeficiency Virus| A_vr gvbylK AvgY Ki

kixii cwZiva eev fO `q h fvBivm ZvKB ejv nq GBPAvBwf fvBivm| GwU jbwU fvBivm Mvfy iUvfvBivmjviB GKwU| jbwU K_vwUi A_ axi| GB fvBivmi viv GBPAvBwf msgY I ivMi cKvkI NU axi axi| cavbZ kixii cwZiva eev A_vr BwgDb eevKB GUv AvgY Ki| ZvB Gi wei kixi cwZiva Mo DVZ cvi bv|

GBPAvBwf fvBwiqbi ga wbDwKqvcvwUb RvZxq Kèi Pvicvk w-i nRvZxq c`v_i Zwi AviY iqQ| GwUK wRwc-120 ej| Avi h wRwbmwU c `v ev Kvcmyj AvKvi AveiY Zwi Ki GB nRvZxq c`v_ I wbDwKwqK AvwmWK aviY Ki ZvK ejv nq Uvggeb Gbfjc (Transmembrane env) cvwUb ev wRwc-41| GB wRwc-41-B wkKoi gZ AvUK ivL nRvZxq c`v_i AveiYwUi mv_ ewniveiYK|

Gevi Avmv hvK K`| wbDwKqvcvwUbhy K` `yB Kwc fvBivj RbvwgK AviGbG Ges Uvdvi AviGbG AYyi mv_ MvM cvwUb (gag protein) I cvjcvwUb (pol protein) bvgK `yaibi cvwUb RvZxq e we`gvb _vK| GB MvM cvwUbjv eb mwKvix wmgU RvZxq c`v_i gZ hv fvBivmi AMZ wbDwKwqK AvwmW I nRvZxq c`v_mn fvBivmi K`wUK ai ivL|

wZb aibi MvM cvwUb iqQ; h_v gvwU MvM cvwUb ev MA, KvcwmW MvM cvwUb ev CA Ges wbDwKqvKvcwmW MvM cvwUb ev NC| GgG MvM cvwUb nRvZxq c`v_i fZii w` KUvq GgG MvM cvwUb jM _vK Ges ciii ga eb Zwi Ki| wmG MvM cvwUbwU Aevb bq K`| Gbwm MvM cvwUb fvBivmi RbvwgK AviGbGi mv_ eb Zwi Ki mvwRq wQq GK K` ivL|

PR, RT I IN bvgK GbRvBgjv mswk- _vK cvjcvwUbi mv_| GìK ai ivLv cvjcvwUbi KvR|

1.1.4 fvBivm Kx?

fvBivm evwiqvi Pq eY QvU Ggb GK wRwbm hv mvaviY AYyexYh `Lv hvq bv; Rxe Kvli AZvekKxq Askjv GwU aviY Ki bv ej GUvK Rxe KvlI ejv hvq bv| Rxe Kvl I Roc`v_i gaeZx vb Aevb bqv fvBivm Ggb GKwU Kvcmyj ev evM hvi ga _vK mvgvb cwigvY wWGbG A_ev AviGbG e Ges evMwU nq Zvi AveiY|

Rxe Kvli evBi fvBivmi wbR ^ Kvb Rxeb bB| Rxe KvlK AvgYi gvag Kvli wbR^ Dcv`vbjvK wbRi myweavgZ mg^q Ki

bZzb fvBivmi Drcw nq Ges fvBivmi ew NU| Gme KviY Dw` I Rxe`ni evBi fvBivm wUK _vKZ cvi bv| 1.1.5 fvBivm I evwiqvi ga cv_K Kx?

evwiqv Ggb GKwU c~Y Kvl hvi Kvl cvPxi iqQ Ges Kvlvfi wWGbG AviGbGmn ivBevRvgi Dcw wZ iqQ| evwiqvi GKwU gUvewjK GbRvBg iqQ Ges GUv gvbyli kixii Kvli ga Ges Kvli evBi `yfveB wUK _vKZ cvi| evwiqvK mvaviY gvBvmKvci mvnvh `Lv hvq Ges GUv 300 bvbvwgUvii Pq eo nq _vK| Aciw`K fvBivm evwiqvi Pq AbK QvU, Rxe Kvli ewkwenxb Ggb GKwU jvBcvcvwUb Kvcmyj hvi Kvb cvPxi bB| Gi ga Kvb gUvewjK GbRvBg ev ivBevRvg _vK bv| nv Kvli ga mnvqK cwiek Qvov GUv wbR _K euP _vKZ cvi bv Ges GUv wWGbG AviGbG bvgK fvBivm bqZv AviGbG fvBivm bvg AwfwnZ Kiv nq| fvBivmjv mvaviYZ 20-300 GbGg nq _vK| c fvBivm nj mKj fvBivmi ga eo| GUvK mvaviY gvBvmKvc `Lv hvq|

1.2.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivm kixii Kv_vq AvNvZ Ki?

kixii kZKwYKvjvB fvBivmi AvgYi wkKvi nq, wekl Ki wU-wjvmvBU A_ev wU-njcvi Kvljv| GB wU-njcvi Kvljv kixii cwZivai cavb Kvvwi wnmve KvR Ki|

1.2.2 iMci m GBPAvBwf msgYi mK : AbK ck Kib, Kvb wekl Mci ii GBPAvBwf enbi gZv ev cwZiva Movi gZv iqQ wK bv|

cZK gvbyli kixi BwgDb Kvljvi ga wmwW-4 bvgK vb iqQ| AvgYi Rb GB wmwW-4 vbB eQ bq GBPAvBwf| hnZz GBPAvBwf gvbyli BwgDb Kvljv, wekl Ki wU-njcvi gbvmvBU I gvvdRK AvgY Ki GjvZ Aevb bq Ges Gì ga fvBivm cvwUKj Qwoq `q, ZvB i evwnZ nq Gjv kixii wewfb Zij c`v_ Rgv nq| Gi ga exh Ges hvwbim AMZ| GKviYB hvwbim Ges exhi gvag GB fvBivm AwaK nvi Qwoq _vK|

Avv ewi jvjv Ges PvLi cvwbZI GBPAvBwf _vK| Ze exhi Zzjbvq jvjvZ fvBivmi cwigvY AbK Kg _vK| Zvi Pq AviI Kg _vK PvLi cvwbZ|

1.2.3 GBPAvBwf fvBivm Kx cwqvq kZKwYKvK AvgY Ki? GBPAvBwf g~jZ wU-njcvi wjvmvBU A_ev wU-njcvi KvlK AvgY Ki| wU-njcvi Kvljv BwgDb ee vi bvbv w`K wbqY Ki| Zvì mwq f~wgKvZB Avgvì kixi wewfb ivMi AvgY _K iv cvq| wU-njcvi Kvli f~wgKvwU AbKUv GKwU `ji bZvi gZ| Gi wb`kB bvbvwea cwZiva eev Mo IV| GBPAvBwf fvBivm ii kZKwYKvi wU-wjvmvBU I wU-njcvi KvljvK AvgYi gvag gvbyli BwgDb eevK Ggbfve AKvhKi Ki `q hvZ mjv ivM cwZivai gZv nvwiq dj| GUv c_gB AvgY Ki wU-njcvii AMZ wmwW-4 K| wmwW-4 vb mshvM NwUq cwZiva gZv bmvZi gvag GUv kixii Afi cek Ki| GB wU-njcvi BwgDb Kvljv Avv nevi KviY Abvb ivMi weiI cwZiva Kg hvq| wU-njcvi Kvl Qvov kZKwYKvi AMZ gbvmvBU I gvvdRKI fvBivm AvgY Ki| GZ cwZiva mwbK gbvmvBU I gvvdRjv wVKfve KvR Ki bv| BwgDb cwZiva ee vq Zwi GwUewWjv wKQy fvBivm wbab KvhKi _vKjI BwgDb eevi gv^q wechqi KviY Gi msLv I gZv w`b w`b Kg Avm| Giv wbwq nq hvq Ges ivMi wei joevi gZv nvwiq dj| GK mgq Gjv wbw nq co| kixii BwgDb eev GwUewW Zwi Ki GBPAvBwfi wei joevi Pv Ki| GZ cv_wgKfve fvBivmi AvgY wKQyUv wbqwZ njI cieZxZ Gjv bZzb ic I gZv wbq BwgDb eevK cybivq AvNvZ Ki Ges GK mgq cyiv BwgDb eevKB wbwq Ki `q| 1.3.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivm KiKg nq _vK? `yaibi GBPAvBwf fvBivm nq _vK| GKwU GBPAvBwf-1, AbwU GBPAvBwf-2| mvgwMK GBWm ivMxì AaKB Avv nq GKB mv_ `yB aibi fvBivm viv| Ze GBPAvBwf-1 nj GBWm ivMi cavbZg KviY| hyivmn cw_exi AwaKvsk `k GBWm ivM NU _vK GB GBPAvBwf-1 Gi KviY| c~e, `wY I ga AvwdKvZ GBPAvBwf-1 msgY ewk NU _vK| GBPAvBwf-2K kbv Kiv nq 1986 mb| AvwdKv, wekl Ki cwg AvwdKvZ GUv mePq ewk ivM msgY NwUq _vK| Di AvgwiKv, BDivc Ges Gwkqvq A wKQy jvK GBPAvBwf-2 Z Avv nq| GKKfve kZKiv 4 fvM Avv nq GBPAvBwf-2 viv| 1.3.2 GBPAvBwf-1 Ges GBPAvBwf-2 Gi ga Zdvr Kx? GBPAvBwf-1 Ges GBPAvBwf-2 `yUvB iUvfvBivm; `yUvB GBWm Zwi Ki| Ze GBPAvBwf-1-Gi wevi AcvKZ Kg Ges GUv cavbZ c~e AvwdKvmn KqKwU `k mxgve|

GBPAvBwf-2 _K GBPAvBwf-1 AbK ewk fqi| GBPAvBwf-2 m fvBiwgqv Zzjbvg~jKfve Kg nq _vK| GBPAvBwf-2-Gi msgYI AvbycvwZKfve Kg gvvq Ges `yej cKwZi nq _vK| GBPAvBwf-2-Gi wbwq Aev ev Nyg mgq A_vr msgYi ci _K ivMi jY cKvki ga eeavbwU GBPAvBwf-1-Gi Pq AbK ewk nq _vK| GgbI cgvY iqQ h, GBPAvBwf-2 `~wlZ i MnYi ciI cvq P eQi KU MQ jYwenxb fve| 1.4.1 GBPAvBwfi wgDUkb (wefvRb ev cwieZb) : GBPAvBwfi wgDUkb GKwU iZc~Y welq| Kbbv fvBivmwUi PwiB nj Gi gvMZ cwieZb ev wgDUkb| GZ bZzb bZzb h mg fvBivm Zwi nq, Zvì GwUewWi gaI wKQzUv cv_K _vK| G cwqvq Zwi Kvb Kvb fvBivm ivM msgY NUvq AwZ `Z, KvbwU Avevi AwZ axi| Ze wgDUkbi ciI GBPAvBwf Zvi gwjK Pwi AyY ivL Ges KLbB GUv Ggb Kvb wfb fvBivm cwiYZ nq bv hvZ GUv bZzb Kvb cwqvq gvbyli ga Qwoq coZ cvi ev Ab ivM NUvZ cvi| 1.4.2 GBPAvBwf P (HIV Cycle):

h mg RxevYy ev ciRxex Ges QvK gvbylK Avv Ki Zvì cZKi RxebP AvQ| fvBivmiI Ggb GKwU P AvQ, Ze ZvK RxebP ejv hvq bv| Kbbv fvBivmi wbR^ Rxeb bB| mvaviYZ fvBivm Gi wWGbG I AviGbG RvZxq wbDwKwqK AvwmWjv Kvli ga cek Ki Kvli msMnkvjvq we`gvb wbR^ m`jvK eenvi Ki bZzb fvBivm Zwi Ki| GBPAvBwf fvBivmi GwU AviI RwUj| GBPAvBwf fvBivm kixi cek Kivi ci AYy chvq wKQy cwieZb NU Ges cwikl GKwU fvBivmi m`k AbKjv fvBivm Zwi nq| G cwqvq chvqg h cwieZbjv NU Zv nj

GBPAvBwf fvBivmi mv_ wmwW-4 wimii eb ggeb wdDkbi gvag fvBivmi Abycek wifvm Uvwckb (Reverse Transcription) BwUMkb (Integration) cvfvBivj Uvwckb (Proviral transcription) wRb Gckb (Gene expression) Avm^wj (Assembly) evwWs (Budding) gvPzikb (Maturation)

GBPAvBwf fvBivmK wbqY KiZ nj fvBivm wevii GB avcjv fvj Ki Rvbv _vKZ nq|

G cwqvq c_g hv NU Zv nj fvBivmi AveiYi mv_ mswk- Gbfjvc cvwUb wRwc-120 Gi mv_ BwgDb Kvli ewniveiY wmwW-4 wiwmii mv_ mshvM vcb| GUvK GBPAvBwf Gbfjc-wmwW-4 evBws (HIV env-CD4 Binding) ej| Gici NU Kvl AveiY ev mj ggebi mv_ fvBivmi wdDkb| GUvK ggeb wdDkb ej| GB ggeb wdDkbK mdj Kivi fvBivmi Gbfjvc M-vBKvcvwUb wRwc-41 Gi f~wgKv AZv iZc~Y| GUv HIV-1 K` ei mv_ Kvli mvBUvc-vRgi mshvM NwUq _vK| GB ggeb wdDkbi gvag fvBivm Kvli Afi cek Ki| Ze GB ggeb wdDkbi c~eB wmwW-4 bvgK M-vBKvcvwUbwU gvvdR I wmwW-4+ wU-wjvmvBUi ewniveiY AvUK djZ cvi|

G chvq GwU-wmwW-4 GwUewW mywbw`fve fvBivmK AvgY Ki cwZiva KiZ cvi| wmwW-4 RvZxq GB M-vBKvcvwUb fvBivmi wRwc-120 RvZxq AviYi mv_ k eb Zwi Ki m~Y fvBivmwUKB APj Ki w`Z cvi| GKvR KiZ hq wmwW-4 Kvl wbRI Avv nq fvBivm viv| ggeb wdDkbi ci hv NU Zv nj Kvli mvBUvc-vRgi fZi wifvm Uvwckb| GB cwqvq Avv Kvli mvBUvc-vRg fvBivmi AviGbG Rbvgi GKwU wWGbG Kwc Zwi nq| GB wWGbG Kvli wbDwKqvm cek Ki vgvRvgvj wWGbGi mv_ mshy nq cvfvBivm Zwi Ki| Kvli ga hv NU Zv nj BwUMkb, cvfvBivj Uvwckb Ges cybivq wbDwKqvm _K mvBUvc-vRg wdi Avmv ev mvBUvc-vRwgK Gckb| cvfvBivj Uvwckb-Gi ci cvfvBwiqb `ywU cwqvq Kvli mvBUvc-vRg wdi Avm| G cwqvi bvg mvBUvc-vRwgK Gckb| Gici fvBwiqbjv mvBUvc-vRgi gmvi AviGbG eenvi Ki Kvl cvPxii fZi mgeZ nq| Gici NU Kvli evBi evwWs Ges cybtfvBivm ZwiKiY| wifvm Uvwckb cwqvq fvBivm Zvi Kvi AviGbG (fvBivmi K` Aew Z AviI GKwU RbwUK nvwZqvi) Ges wifvm Uvwckb GbRvBg Ggbfve cqvM Ki hvZ fvBivmi AviGbG Kvi wWGbGZ icv wiZ nq| GB wWGbGwU y`wU j^v myZvi gZ| GK wjwbqvi Wvej vbWW wWGbG (Linear double stranded DNA) ej| GB wWGbG ev icvwiZ GBPAvBwf Kvli wbDwKqvmi fZi cek Ki| G cwqvwUKB BwUMkb ej| G chvq fvBivmi wWGbG Kgc-wU Zvi fvvii BwUMm cvwUb bvgK GbRvBgi mnhvwMZvq Avv Kvli vgvRvgvj wWGbG-Gi mv_ mshy nq| BwUMkbi ci cvfvBivj Uvwckb cwqvwU i nq| fvBivmi wbDwKwqK AvwmW ev RbwUK e jv Avv Kvli wWGbG-Gi mv_ hy nq wbR ^ msKZevnx h wbqK wWGbG Zwi Ki ZvK cv-fvBivm ej|

G cwqvq icvwiZ Kvli ga c~Y`N wWGbG PBb ev kLj GKB mv_ fvBivmi asmvZK wWGbG msKZ Ges Kvli AMZ wWGbG msKZ DcwZ _vK| Kbbv iUvfvBivj wWGbGjv Avv Kvli wWGbG-Gi wekl wekl vb mshvM vcb Ki| Kvb Kvb vbi cwZ GB mshvM NUvevi ceYZv ewk _vK| Ze h Kvl GB cwiewZZ wWGbG GKB m Kvl I fvBivmi bvbv ewk aviY Ki, ZvK GKwU Amy Kvl ejv hvq| Kbbv GB Kvl msNefve wbRivB bZzb fvBivm Zwii wb `k `q| AviKUz wevwiZ ejZ Mj, G cwqvq hv NU Zv nj G cwqvq fvBivj wbDwKqvcvwUb Ges wifvm Uvwckb (RT) bvgK GbRvBg Kvli mvBUvc-vRg Aevb bq| GB wifvm Uvwckb GbRvBg

Kvl fvBivm ceki ci hv nq GBPAvBwf P

Avv Kvli Afi wbDwKqvcvwUb Kgc- wmb_wmm Ki fvBivj AviGbG Rbvgi GKwU wWGbG Kwc Zwi Ki| Gici fvBivj wWGbG Kgc-wU wbDwKqvm cek Ki| mv_ wbq hvq fvBivm mswk- GbRvBgjvKI| GB KvlK`B BwUMm cvwUb bvgK GbRvBgwU fvBivj wWGbG-K nv vgvRgi wWGbG-Gi mv_ mshy Ki cvfvBivm Zwi Ki|

GB BwUMUW cvfvBivm `yaibi fvBivj AviGbG Uvw Zwi Ki| Gi ga -vBmW GgAviGbG (Spliced mRNAs) Ges Avb-vBmW AviGbG (Unspliced RNA) wbR^ msKZ eenvi Ki `yaibi fvBivj cvwUb Zwi Ki, hjvi GKwU nj gvwU MvM cvwUb, AbwU KvcwmW MvM cvwUb| ciiwU fvBivj KvW Zwi KiZ AZvekK|

Gici Ni MvQvbv| MvM Ges MvM-cvj fvBivj cwjcvwUbi mv_ RbvwgK fvBivj wWGbG GKwZ nq nv Kvli Mvq bZzb fvBivm Zwi Ki| Gici Gjv hLb nv Kvli ewniveiY ev ggeb Vj dzU eiZ Pvq ZLb w-i wewk cvZjv Pwei AveiYwU (Gbfjc) msMn Ki bq| GB dzU eibvK ej evwWs| G cwqv PjvKvj fvBivj cvwUqm GbRvBg MvM Ges MvM cvj wcKvimi ev AM`~Z (gag-pol precursor) cvwUbjvK eenvi Ki cwiYZ fvBivm Zwi Ki| mB mv_ ivM msgY NUvZ KiZ cvi Ggb AmsL fvBwiqb Qwoq `q| GB fvBivm AviI bZzb KvlK AvgY Ki|

AvgYi GK chvq GB cv-fvBivj wWGbG Avv Kvli ga h c~Y`N wWGbG kLj Zwi Ki Zvi ga Avv Kvli wWGbG msKZI we`gvb _vK| GB bZzb wWGbGi ga fvBivmi Abvb ewk we`gvb _vK| Gjv Abvb KvlK GKwZ Ki AviI bZzb fvBivm Zwii wb `k `q| GBme fvBivm bZzb bZzb KvlK AvgY Ki Ges AviI AviI fvBivm Zwi nq| GUvB GBPAvBwf P|

1.4.3 GK bRi GBPAvBwf P:

HIV-1 fvBivmi Pew mb Kivi Rb c_gB Gbfjc cvwUbi mv_ nv KvlMvi mshvM mvwaZ nq| GB mshvMi dj fvBivm Ges Kvli AveiYi ga Ggb aibi eb ev wdDkb NU hvZ fvBivmi wbDwKqvcvwUb Kgc-wU UvMU Kvli mvBUvc-vRgi ga XyK co| GB RwUj ebi ga wifvm UvwcUm bvgK GbRvBg (R.T) fvBivmi RNA Rbvgi DNA Kwc Zwi Ki| GB DNA mg fvBivm Kgc-wU Kvli wbDwKqvm cQ| GB wbDwKqvmi ga BwUMm cvwUb (IN) fvBivm DNA I nv

gvRvgvj DNA Gi ga GKxfeb mvwaZ Ki cvfvBivm Zwi Ki| Gici GB GKxf~Z cvfvBivm LwZ (spliced) Ges ALwZ (unspliced) gvmvi mRNA Zwi Ki| gvmvi RNA Gi msKZ h_vg MvM I MvM cvj cvwUb Gi gZ AeKvVvgvMZ cvwUb I wbqK fvBivm cvwUb Zwi Ki| fvBivj cvwUKji ga vb bIqv fvBivj RNA MvM I MvM cvj cvwUbjv nv Kvl ev Avkq `vZv Kvli Mv Ae vb bq| KvlMv _K Kzuwoi gZ ewiq coevi mgq fvBivm cvwUKjjv wi mnwewk GKwU Gbfjc wbq ei nq| bZzb fvBivm wbMgb ev evwWs Gi mgq fvBivj cvwUqm (Viral protease) MvM I MvM cvj wcKvimi cvwUbK cwiYZ fvBivmi Mv mshvRb Ki gviYgZv mb BbdKkvm fvBwiqvbm Zwi Ki|

1.4.5 HIV evwWs G cvwUqm Gi f~wgKv:

Avv Kvl _K bZzb fvBivm evwWs Gi mgq wKsev evwWs cieZx Ae vq hLb MvM I MvM cvj cwjcvwUbjv cwiYZ cvwUbi mv_ mshy nq ZLbB iUvfvBivm cvwUKjjv cwiYZ fvBivm ic bq| MvM I MvM cvj cvwUbi mv_ GB eb mb Ki fvBivj cvwUqm| PR (Viral protease) Ggb GKwU GmcviUvBj cvwUqm hvi ga `ywU mg`k GgvBbv AvwmWi (99) BDwbU _vK| cvwUqm Gi GB eb iUvfvBivm cvwUKjjv cwiYZ Kivi wcQb GKwU iZc~Y f~wgKv ivL| fvBivj cvwUqmi wgDUkb ev cwieZb Ggb aibi msgY gZvnxb fvBivm Zwi Ki hvZ Kvi cvwUbwU enxb Aevq _vK| cvwUqmi KviYB cwiYZ fvBwiqbjv Kvl _K wbMZ nq bZzb Kvl AviI fvBivmi cwZwjLb wbwZ Ki| 1.4.6 Kvl K`vwfgyLx fvBivj cvwUbi cwZiva : Kvli AveiYi mv_ wdDkbi ci fvBivj wbDwKqvcvwUb Kvl Afi cek Ki Ges Kvl K ` ev wbDwKqvmi w`K GMvq| gvbe kixii h mg Kvli wefvRb nqbv Zvi gaI GBPAvBwf I Abvb jbwU fvBivm wbR`i ew NUvZ cvi| Gi mve KviY nj, GBPAvBwf-1-Gi ga gwU cvwUbi gvag Kvl K` kbv Ki mLvb cuQvevi gZ gZv aviY| GKviY Ggb GKwU ccUvBW (Peptide)-Gi K_v wPv Kiv nj hv wK bv mvBUvc-vRg _K fvBivmi K`vwfgyLx cwigYK evwZj Ki GK mvBUvc-vRgi gaB asm KiZ cvi|

Gfve gbvmvBU RvZxq UvMU Kvli ga GBPAvBwf AKvhKi nevi K_v| G KvR mgmv Zwi neviI K_v| GB mgmv Zwi Ki fvBivm we`gvb H mg cvwUb, hv fvBivmi wc-BwUMkb Kgc- (Pre-integration

complex)-K K ` wbq hvq| G cwqvq GBPAvBwf-1-Gi wfAvBGd cvwUb evavM bv nIqvq Zv fvBivj wWGbG wmb_wmm mv`b KiZ cvi| 1.5.1 GBPAvBwf Ges GBWmi ga Zdvr Kx?

GBPAvBwf nj fvBivmwUi bvg, hvi m~Y bvg nj Human Immunodeficiency Virus| Avi GB fvBivmwU gvbe`ni i ceki ci kZKwYKvK AKvhKi Ki w`q h ivMwU Zwi Ki Zvi bvg GBWm| GBWm Kvb GKwU wekl ivM bq| GwU AbKjv ivMi mwwjZ cKvk| G ivMjv nq _vK kixii BwgDb eevi wechqi KviY|

GBPAvBwf kixi cek KijB kZfvM msgY ne GgbUvI wVK bv| Ze kZKiv 90 fvM ivMi jY `Lv `q, hwÌ ivM msgYi c_gw`K AbKB my _vK| AbK mgq ivMi jY cKvk cZ eQii ci eQi jM hvq|

1.6.1 wewfb NvZK fvBivmi Pwii Zzjbvg~jK wek-lY :

ncvUvBwUm G fvBivm gyLi jvjv, ewg, gjg~ BZvw` eRi gvag Qwoq _vK| GB fvBivm cwiek AbK w`b wUK _vK| ncvUvBwUm we fvBivm mvaviYZ icwimvjb I hbmshvMi gvag Qwoq _vK| ncvUvBUm we fvBivm wekl jvjv I gji gvag QovZ cvi| AbK MelK G gyLi wgDKvmvi ZK ivM msgYi kZ wnmve MY Ki _vKb| ncvUvBwUm wm fvBivm icwimvjb I BbRKkbi gvag Qwoq _vK| ncvUvBwUm G I we fvBivmi fvKwmb _vKjI wm fvBivmi fvKwmb GLbI Zwi nqwb| GBPAvBwf fvBivmwU `Z cwieZkxj iUvfvBivm| GwU g~jZ: hbmshvM, icwimvjb I BbRKkbi gvag Qwoq _vK| GBPAvBwf Avv gvqì `n _K wbMZ fvBivm beRvZK enb KiZ cvi Ges gvqi `ya _K wki `n fvBivm QovZ cvi| hvwbim, exhmn `ni mKj Zij wbtmiY GB fvBivm _vK| GBPAvBwf evZvm DoZ cvi bv, wK Kivbv fvBivm I dz fvBivm WcjU AvKvi A_vr nuvwP, Kvwk, bvKi cvwb BZvw` _K wbtmZ nq QovZ cvi| GBPAvBwf fvBivm jveiUwiZ we cvwbZ KqKw`b wUK _vKZ cvi| wK cvKwZK cwiek cvwbZ GUv Lye `Z gviv hvq, wekl Ki Kvwibhy cvwb Ges wWUviRUi msk Gm| Kvwib cvq ZvrwYKfve GBPAvBwfK gi djZ cvi| jveiUwi Kwkb A_vr wekl cwiek Uwej, Pqvi, gS BZvwì Ici GBPAvBwf wKQzYi Rb njI wUK _vKZ cvi| wK ^vfvweK cvKwZK

cwiek Uweji Ici, Avmeveci Ici, gSi Ici wUK _vKv GBPAvBwfi Rb AbKUv Ame| Kbv Aevq wWUviRU Ges KwgKvjm-Gi msk Zv GwU gviv coB, mvgvb DPZvc Ges cwiwgwZ AvvfvqvjU i-ZI GUv wbw nq|

56 wWMx mjwmqvm Zvcgvvq GBPAvBwf wbw nq hvq| G KviY G Zvcgvvq iK cvivBRW Kiv nq Ges evqvjwRKvj cvWvjv eenvi Kiv nq| Ze ngvdvBwjqv ivMxìK dvi-9 `qvi c~e Zv 680 Zvcgvvq 72 NUvi Rb WvB wnU Kiv nq| mvaviYfve dyzUvj fvBivm `Z gviv hvq| ZvB AbK wijvBRkbi Rb GUv Lye mnR cwZ|

Ze Gi ciI GKwU K_v gb ivLv cqvRb h, GBPAvBwf AbK mgq Kbv i euP _vKZ cvi| ZvB Avvi i Zv ZvRv nvK, wKsev Kbv nvK Gwoq PjZ ne Ges Gì iwm eenvh jv wWUviRU, we-wPs cvDWvi ev Kvwib w`q ayq djZ ne| Gjv avqvi mgq ivevi M-vfm eenvi KiZ ne|

GBPAvBwf evZvmi mshvM Avmj Avi euvPZ cvi bv| Kvli ga Ges kixii Zij c`v_ Aevb MnY Ki wbR^ AveiYi gaB Giv euP _vK| gvbyli kixii evBi i A_ev vg evsK iwZ exh Qvov GBPAvBwf ewkY wUK _vKZ cvi bv|

1.6.2 Abvb iUvfvBivmi mv_ GBPAvBwf-Gi mK :

GBPAvBwf, GBPwUGjwf-1, GBPwUGjwf-2 Gì mejvB AviGbG wbfi iUvfvBivm Ges Gì mevi ga wifvm Uvwmi bvgK GK iKg GbRvBg iqQ| G wZbwU fvBivm i Ges kixii Zij Ask Aevb bq| Gì AvgYi je nj kixii kZKwYKv| Ze Gì ga Awgj nj, GBPAvBwf viv h ivM Zwi nq Zvi bvg GBWm Ges GBPwUGjwf-1 viv h ivM NU Zvi bvg wjDKvwgqv ev ii Kvvi| GBPwUGjwf-2I GK RvZxq wjDKvwgqv Zwi Ki|

GBPAvBwf Ges GBPwUGjwf DfqB ii kZKwYKvK AvgY KijI Gì AvgY cwZwU wfb, hgb wfb fvBivm D~Z ivM `ywU| wjDKvwgqvi KviY `Z kZKwYKvi ew nq Ges AmsL AcwiYZ kZKwYKv Zwi nq| Ze BwgDb Kvli wmwW-4 vbwU Gi j bq| Abw`K GBPAvBwf BwgDb ee v I kZKwYKvK asm Ki| Ze GBPwUGjwf hgb GBWm Zwi Ki bv, GBPAvBwfI Zgwb wjDKvwgqv Zwi Ki bv|

GBPAvBwfK Avgiv kbv KiwQ 50 eQi AvM| wK ii Kvvi ev wjDKvwgqv hv wK bv GBPwUGjwfi KviY NU _vK Zvi Drcw NUQ KqKk eQi AvM| 1.6.3 HILV-1 Ges HTLV-2 Gi Zdvr GBPAvBwf-1 I GBPAvBwf-2 Qvov Abvb h mg iUvfvBivm viv gvbyl Avv nq mjv nj wnDgvb wU-Kvl wjDKvwgqv fvBivm (Human T-cell Leukaemia virus Type-1, 2) ev HTLV1 Ges HTLV2| AviKwU nj BwWqvcvw_K wmwW-4+ wU-wjvmvBUvcwbqv (Idiopathic CD4 +T Lymphocytopenia) ev ICL fvBivm| Human T-cell leukaemia A_ev T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV1):

GwU Ggb GK aibi iUvfvBivm hv kixi bxie ev Kvwiqvi U _vKZ cvi A_ev bvbvwea wgk ivM ev wKwbKvj wmbWgi cKvk NUvZ cvi| G ivM vqy mwKZ AmyL Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Myelopathy, nZ cvi| GZ wekl aiYi PgivM (cutaneous lesions), eo`i T-cell leukaemia ev ii Kvvi Ges wjvgv nZ cvi| GZ wjM- vjv dzjZ cvi, hKZ I c-xnv evoZ cvi, i Kvjwmqvg ew cZ cvi| ZK wekl aibi Z mw nZ cvi A_ev G fvBivm kixi bxie _vKZ cvi| bxie _vKv Ae vK jYwenxb Kvwiqvi U (carrier state) ej| G fvBivmwU hbmshvM, i cwimvjb I BbRKkbi gvag GKRbi _K AbRbi kixi Ges gvqi `n _K Lye mnRB Mf mvbi ga Qwoq co| BbdKkb nevi ci ivM cKvki eeavb 6 _K 10 eQi ch nZ cvi|

HTLV2 : Ggb GK aibi iUvfvBivm hv wK bv HTLV1-Gi mgMvxq Ges D fvBivmi mv_ BwgDbvjwRKvwj m wiqvKwUf| GRb HTLV2 mvaviY wwbs-Gi gvag kbv Kiv KwVb| GBPwUGjwf-2 Gi mv_ Kvvii Kvb mK LuyR cvIqv hvqwb| ~`wlZ m~uP I i mvjbi gvag G fvBivm GKRb _K AviKRb Qwoq co|

Idiopathic CD4+T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) : ICL Ggb GKwU ivMK eySvq hv AvcvZfve `LZ GBWmi gZ| GZ ivMxi `n GBPAvBwf mswk- ivMjv `Lv `q| mB mv_ wmwW-4 Kvli msLv bg hvq wZbki wbP| G ivMwU GBPAvBwfi mv_ mwKZ bv njI Gi mv_ ievwnZ GKwU wfbagx iUvfvBivmi mK iqQ| i mvjbi gvag G ivM QovQ| Ze GwU wbq GLbI cixv-wbixv PjQ|

1.7.1 GBPAvBwf fvBivm wK cwieZbkxj?

nuv, GwU AZ cwieZbkxj Ges Gi wbqwgZ wgDUkb NU _vK| wgDUkb K_vwUi A_ nj wRb msv cwieZb| bZzb fvBivm Zwii mgq Mvjgj wWGbG wbq h fvBivm Zwi nq Zv`iK GBPAvBwf wgDUUm ejv nq| GBPAvBwf wgDUkb wbqwgZ nq _vK Ges bZzb bZzb Bbi fvBivm Zwi nq| Kvb Kvb fvBivm axiMwZ mb A_vr mgq wbq ivM Zwi Ki| Kvb KvbwU Avevi AZ fqi| fqi cKwZi GBPAvBwf BbjvK wfijU Bb ej| GB Bbi fvBivm viv ivM `Z Qovq| ivMi jYI `Z cKvk cvq Ges wechqI ewk nq| GUv wbqY Kiv wPwKrmKi Rb KwVb nq co|

1.7.2 GBPAvBwf fvBivmwU KZw`b ci Ges Kxfve kixi cwZwqv NUvq

KD GBPAvBwf mswgZ nj mvaviYZ 2 _K 8 mvn ci mivKbfvikb (Seroconversion) nq| GBPAvBwf msgYi my Aev _K ivMi jY cKvki mgqwU GK _K P eQi ch nZ cvi| Kvb Kvb ewi ga GKhyM ciI ivMi jY `Lv `qwb, Ggb D`vniYI iqQ| GB `xN mgq ivMi jY kixi Pvcv _vKZ cvi| GUvK BbwKDwekb wcwiqWI ej|

1.8.1 msgYi ci kixi GBPAvBwfi bxie Aev :

GBPAvBwf Avv-cieZx cv_wgK cwZwqvi ciI GKRb `xNmgq my _vKZ cvi| G mgq fvBivm Lye axi axi `ni BwgDb eevK asm KiZ _vK, wK evBi Gi Kvb jY _vK bv| G AevK AbK jYwenxb GBPAvBwf msgY ej| 1.8.2 GBPAvBwf jvUw (Latency):

GBPAvBwf fvBivm AbKmgq Kvli ga Aevb wbq Nyg Aevq _vK wK Zvi Kvb ew NU bv| G AevK GBPAvBwf jvUw ej| GB my msgY ZLbB NU hLb Kvl AMZ wRbi mv_ GBPAvBwf wRb bxie eb Ki Aevb Ki| GB msgYwU kixii BwgDb eevI AbK mgq kbv KiZ cvi bv| jvUwi mv_ jYwenxb msgYi Zdvr nj GB h, jYwenxb msgY fvBivm ew NU, wK jvUwZ Zv NU bv| AbK mgq ivMi jY _vKv AevZB fvBivm GB my Aevq Pj hZ cvi| jYwenxb Aevq GBPAvBwf Avv ew wbRi kixi _K Abi kixi fvBivm QovZ cvi|

1.8.3 GBPAvBwf Kvwiqvi (Carrier) Aev : hme GBPAvBwf `xN mgq A_vr `k eQii ewk mgq kixi _vK wK jYi cKvk NUvq bv ZLb ZvK ivMi Kvwiqvi Aev ejv nq| GBPAvBwf Avvì ga cvq 10 fvM GiKg Aevq Rxeb hvcb KiZ cvi| GBPAvBwfi Kvwiqvii welqwU GmwUGjwf-1, wmGgwf Ges nvicm wmgc- fvBivmi Kvwiqvi Aevi KvQvKvwQ|

1.9.1 GBPAvBwfZ Avv nevi ci KLb GBWm nq bv?

mvaviYZ fvBivm AvgYi ci Kvb bv Kvb mgq GBWm `Lv `q| KviI KviI (cwimsLvb Abyhvqx cvq 10 fvM ) kixi fvBivm cek Kivi ciI Zv eQii ci eQi Nyg Aevq _vK| `k eQi ciI `Lv hvq h, Gì ga GBWm `Lv `qwb| Avevi AbKi `n AvhRbK cwZiva eev _vKvi KviY mivcwRwUf ewi m hbgjvgkvi ciI GBPAvBwf fvBivm kixi cek Ki bv Ges cixvq Zvì i mivbMwUf _vK| GBme fvMevbì ga GKRb njb gvwRK Rbmbi x| GiKg ek wKQy ew iqQ hvì ^vgx ev x GBPAvBwf mswgZ nevi

ciI hKvb GKRb mx AZvhRbKfve my iqQ|

1.9.2 GBPAvBwf Avv GKRbi Rxeb KZUzKz `xNvwqZ nZ cvi? GBPAvBwfZ Avv nevi ci Ges GBWm ivMi jYjv `Lv `qvi ci K KZw`b euvPZ cvie ev euvPe m mK mywbw ` Abygvb Kiv bv MjI MelKiv `LQb, hviv `~wlZ i MnYi KviY GBWm ivM Avv nqQ, Zvì ga ` Z Aevi AebwZ NUQ| ngvdvBwjqvKì (Haemophiliacs) ga ivMi `Z AebwZi welqwU cKUfve `kgvb nq| GQvov BbRKkbi gvag gv`Kmexì gaI bvbv KviY ivMwU wecbK MwZZ GMvq| wewea ivMi KviY `yej kvixwiK Aev Ges mB mv_ AwaK gvvq fvBivmi Abycek Gi Rb `vqx| Zzjbvg~jKfve hbmshvMi gvag GBPAvBwf msgYi Pq ii gvag GBPAvBwf msgYi nvi AbK ewk| Ze `yNUbvg KviI hw` wfijU fvBivmi mv_ mshvM NU mI hbmshvMi ci `Z Aevi AebwZ NUZ cvi| GBPAvBwf msgYi ci GKK Rbi BwgDb eev GKK fve cwZwqv e Ki| G KviY GKK Rbi `n ivMi cwZwqv, cwZiva Ges wevi GKK iKg nq _vK| GBPAvBwf Avvì cwiYwZ Ab AvjvwPZ nqQ| G cm gb ivLv cqvRb h, G ivM Avv ivMxi ZvrwYK gZz NU bv|

GBPAvBwf fvBivmi msgYi Rb h aibi cwiek I ivMi DcwwZ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki mjvK fvBivm msgYi Kv-dvi wnmve wPwZ Kiv nq| hgb, jve wekl gvvq AvjUvfvqvjU jvBU GBPAvBwfK DxweZ Ki| Abvb Kv-dvii welqjv GB Mi Ab Aavq AvjvwPZ nqQ| 1.10.1 GBWmi kYxwefvM: 80-Gi `kK GBWm ivMK fvM Kiv nqwQj PviwU Mc

Mc 1. kxl chvqi BbdKkb ev Acute infection Mc 2. jYwenxb BbdKkb Mc 3. mg kixii wjM- v ev jwmKv Mw jv dzj hvIqv Ges Mc 4. vqyweK wechqi mv_ ivMi DcwwZ|

1993 mb A, B Ges C- GB wZb KvUvMwiZ fvM Kiv nq GBWm ivMK KvUvMwi A : jYwenxb Ges cv_wgK Ae vq AvwKDU msgY (Acute infection)| hgb, jwmKv Mw jv dzj hvIqvK A KvUvMwii Afy Kiv nqQ|

KvUvMwi B : GB KvUvMwii Afy nj mB me ivMx hvì ga jYi cKvk NUQ|

KvUvMwi C : hLb GBWmi mnhvx (Associated) ivMjvi cKvk NU|

wmwW-4 I wU-Kvl-Gi msLv Abyhvqx cwZ KvUvMwiK Avevi wZbfvM wefvRb Kiv nqQ; h_v C1, C2, C3 BZvw`| hgbwmwW-4 Kvl (cwZ Nb wgwjwjUvi) 500-Gi Ici nj Zv nq C1 KvUvMwii AMZ, 200-499 Gi ga nj C2, 200-Gi wbP nj C3 - GiKg|

1.11.1 GBPAvBwf jvUw:

GBPAvBwf jvUw ev GBPAvBwf fvBivmi Nyg Aevi evcvi AbKjv gZ I msv iqQ| wKwbKvj g~jvqbi cvcU `kgvb jYjvi AbycwwZi mgqK GBPAvBwf jvUw ej| GB mgq Immunodeficiency cwijwZ bv njI A wKQz Kvl fvBivmK aviY Ki ivL Ges AwZ axi MwZZ fvBivm Qwoq _vK| mcwZ wbweo MelYvq `Lv MQ HIV replication Ges virus expression me mgqB mPj _vK, Zvi gvb HIV infection Gi avivwU KLbB _g _vK bv| i Ges jwmKMwZ we`gvb GBPAvBwf Avv Kvljv wek-lY Ki, fvBivm DNA cvwUb wmb_wmm cwigvc Ki `Lv MQ h, AbK Avv KvlB wbYq Kiv hvq Ggb cwigvb

GBPAvBwf wRb Zwi Ki bv| mvcwZK MelYvq AviI `Lv MQ h, GBPAvBwf aviY KiQ Ggb AbK Kvl, AwZ bMY gvvq fvBivm RNA Ges cvwUb wmb_wmm KiZ cviQ| G KviYB GBPAvBwf jvUw msv weZKi De nqQ| g~jZ: GBPAvBwf fvBivmi cvwUKjjv ev fvBivm evWb i wkivq Aevb bv Ki jwmKvMwi ga AvcwKfve wbzc Aevq _vK|

ii ga fvBivm cvwUKj ev fvBivm evWb bv _vKvq ivM kbv Kiv hvq bv| GZ Ggb gvZK aviYv nq h fvBivm ew Av` NUQ bv| A_vr GBPAvBwf fvBivmi Nyg Aev, jvUw BZvw` welqjv Avmj jYnxb cvhvq fvBivm ewi KqKwU i gv| 1.12.1 GBPAvBwf ivMi bZzb msv:

1986 mb hyivi mUvi di WvM KUvj ev wmwWwm GBPAvBwf ivMK mywbw `fve kbv Kivi Rb Gi msv I kYxwefvM wbaviY Ki| GBPAvBwf BbdKkbi eo cgvY nj Avv gvbyli kixi Kvl _K GBPAvBwf fvBivm AvBmvjkb I fvBivm kbvKiY| Ze GB cwqvwU RwUj nIqvq Ges GwU AbK mgq me bv nIqvq, GBPAvBwf wwbs I IqvY e-U Ui Dci Rvi `qv nq| mivmwi ev civ jeiUwi cixvi gvag fvBivmi DcwwZ kbvKiYi mv_ mv_ GBPAvBwf ivMi wKwbKvj cKvkK ivMi k cgvY wnme weePbv Kiv nqQ| h mg ivM I jYi cKvkK wmwWwm GBWm ivMi msvi ga Af~ KiQ Zv AbK cixvi AvM ivMi DcwwZi AvMvg msKZ `q|

iZ wmwW-4 Kvli msLv 500-Z bg Gj ZvK GBWm ej ai wbjI 1993 mbi bZzb msvq ivM wbbqK wbf~j Kievi Rb cwZ wgwjwjUvi i wmwW-4 Kvmi msLv 200-K ivM wbYqi m~PK wnmve wbaviY Ki| Gi dj `Lv hvq h,

wmwW-4 Kvl 200-Z bg Avmvi AvMB kZKiv 10 fvM ivMx GBWm ivM Avv nqQ|

Ze G cwqvq ivM kbv nevi AvM gviv MQ Ggb GKRbKI cvIqv hvqwb|

G cwqvq ivMi jY `Lv èvi ci ivM wbYqi Rb Mo 12-18 gvm mgq cvIqv hvq|

GBPAvBwf ivMi msv Gfve wbaviY Kivq mvgwqKfve GBWm Avvì cwimsLvbi evcvi wKQzUv wevwi mw nZ cvi| GZ cv_wgK wnmve GBPAvBwf Avvi msLv Kg AvmjI ivMi jYmn GBPAvBwf cwRwUf ivMxi msLv AcwiewZZ _vKe| ivM wbYq fyjjv GovZ GwU GKwU KvhKi cwZ| 1.13.1 GBWm ebvg GBPAvBwf ivM:

GUv GLb cwivi h, GBPAvBwf ivMi KviY BwgDwbwU ev kixii cwZiva ee v f covq bvbv ivMi msgYmn h RwUjZvi mw nq ZvK GBWm ejv nq| G ivMi msvwU c_g cKvwkZ nq 1982 mb| H mgq wmwWwm (mUvi di WvM KUvj) G msvwU Zwi Ki Ges cieZxZ bZzb wKQz wmbWgK G msvi Af~ Ki| wK ev e `Lv hvQ hviv GBPAvBwf fvBivm Avv nq jYwenxb Ae vq bxie mgvR emevm KiQ Ges hvì Kvb cixv-wbixv nqwb Zviv G msvi evBi _K hvQ| G ZvivB GBWmi msvf~ nQ hviv ivMi kl chvq iqQ Ges hvì ga ivMi jYjv cwizwUZ nqQ| G KviY jYmn GBWm ivMK AvWfvW ev cwiYZ GBPAvBwf wWwRR ejv DwPZ| cv_wgK Aevq fvBivm Avv nIqvq ci ivMwUK GBWm bv ej GBPAvBwf ivM (HIV diseases) ejZ ne| wmwWwm-Gi msv hvB nvKbv Kvb ivMxi `n fvBivm kbv nIqvi ci Zvi wPwKrmv wbR^ MwZZ PjZ ne| g~jZ: PGL Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy), ARC (AIDS related complex) Ges AIDS GBPAvBwf ivMi wewfb Aavq gv| G KviY ARC I PGL bvg `yUv cwiZvM Kiv DwPZ| ivMi bvg ne GKwU Ges Zv nj GBPAvBwf ivM (HIV diseases)|

1.14. BwgDb eev (Immune System) :

1.14.1 GBWm msgYi mv_ BwgDb ee vi mK Kx?

GBPAvBwf fvBivmi jB nj gvbe`ni BwgDb eev| GB BwgDb eevi wechqi gvagB GBWm gvbe`n AvwacZ MnY Ki| BwgDb eevi cwZiv `vbKvix wU-mji Mv wmwW-4 GwURbi mv_B GBPAvBwf fvBivmi c_g eb NU|

gvbe`ni BwgDb wmgi Dci GBPAvBwf fvBivmi AvgY cwZwU ek RwUj| G cm weUbi Bwiqvj KjR Ae mvq-Gi AavcK dvwm ejb, The T-cell surface antigen CD4 is the principle binding site for the HIV virus, but alone it is insufficient to allow entry of virus

into the cell. Now, however, HIV coreceptors have been identified as seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. CCR2b CCR3 CCR5 RvZxq Kv-wiwmijv (Co-receptor) mnR fvBivmK MnY Ki| wekl Ki msgYi iZ gvvdRUwcK (Macrophage trophic) fvBivmjvK| msgYi kl chvq wU-Kvl GB fvBivmK c_ Ki `q CXCR4 RvZxq wiwmijvi mv_ mshvM NUvbvi | GB Kv-wiwmii c_jvK e Ki `qv me nq KgvKvBbm (Chemokines) viv| wmwmAvi-5 Kv-wiwmii c_ e Kiv hvq GgAvBwc-1 Avjdv (MIP1 alpha), GgAvBwc weUv (MIP beta) A_ev ibwUm (RENTES) viv|

GB cvcU wRb chywi gvag GBWm cwZivai welqwU Dj nq DVQ| wmwmAvi-5 bvgK Kv-wiwmi-Gi 32Zg AevbwU gyQ dj h bb-dvskbvj wiwmiwU Zwi nq Zv GBPAvBwf msgY cwZiva mg| G cm cdmi dvwm ejb, A 32 basepair deletion from the coding region of CCR5 results in a frame shift, and the gene product is a non-functional receptor. Individuals who are homozygous for this deletion have been shown to be resistant to infection with HIV, and individuals heterozygous for the mutation, progress to AIDS more slowly than patients without the mutation. The protective allele is absent in black populations and in populations from Japan. G _K Kvjv`i ga GBWm msgY ceYZvi GKwU KviY cwivi nq IV| Dj-L, cvUvb-2 `kjvZ cwZ cuvPRb GKRb GBWm Avv nq| GBPAvBwf msgYi ciciB 106 AviGbG Kwc fvBivm Zwi nq ivMxi cwZ wgwjwjUvi i| GB fvBiwgqv ivMi ii ci nZ Pvi _K AvU mvn ch PjZ cvi| Gici GB fvBivmi msLv egvvq bg Avm Kvb wPwKrmv QvovB| G mgq ivMxi mivKbfvikb ev ivMi cKvk evwnK cixvi gvag cgvwYZ nq| G chvq hw` fvBivmi AviGbG gvv ewk _vK Zvnj eySZ ne ivM `Z wevi jvf KiZ hvQ| GZ G-I evSv hve h, ivMxi BwgDb eev mwVKfve KvR KiQ bv, hv wK bv RbwUK dvii KviY nZ cvi| A_ev mswgZ fvBivmwU AwZ kwkvjx nevi KviYI Ggb nZ cvi| GBPAvBwf msgYi ci BwgDb eevi ga h NUbvjv NU Zv nj

KqK Nvi ga ^vfvweK cwZiva ev BwgDb eev fvBivmi AvgYi cwZwqv e Ki c`vn mwi msKZjv Qwoq `q| Awbw` gvvdRjv (Non specific macrophage) kK kbv bv KiB

kixi Qwoq co; cwZivq wbqvwRZ NvZK ev wKjvi KvljvI nq IV KvhKi| G chvq mvBUvKvBbm bvgK ivmvqwbK gwWqUii wbtmiY NU|

Acquired immunity: GwURbi kbvKiYi cvcU mywbw` asmkw mb wbDUvjvBwRs GwUewW Zwi nq wnDgvivj (Humoral) cwZwqvi cvcU|

mywbw` Kvli cwZwqvi mv_ mv_ wU-wjvmvBU-Gi gvag Zwi nq cwZiva| cv_wgK AvgYi 5 _K 10 w`b ci G cwqvi gvag Drcb mvBUvUwK wU-wjvmvBU (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte) ev wmwUGj Avv KvljvK asm Ki| wU-Kvl wiwmi AYy jv fvBivmi Aevb I ebjv (epitope) kbv KiZ cvi|

GB wU-Kvl I gvvdRjv GgAvBwc-1 Avjdv, GgAvBwc weUv I ibwUm RvZxq Ggb wKQy KgvKvBbm (chemokines) Zwi KiZ cvi hv fvBivm KZK wmwW-4 Kvl AvgYi c_ i KiZ cvi|

ivMi Nyg Ae vq bxie cvnviv`vi :

GBPAvBwf msgYi jYjv nevi AvM gvbe`ni BwgDb cwZwqv wnDgvivj I mjyjvi (Humoral and cellular) chvq KvR Ki fvBivm ew iva wbijm f~wgKv ivL| GZ wmwW-4 Kvli msLv DP _vK Ges fvBivm mewb chvq Aevb Ki|

GiciI mKj cwZiva fO fvBivmi ew NU wbewYZ Dcvq

cvfvBivj wWGbG chvqg Avv Kvli Rbvgi mv_ mshy nq bZzb fvBivm Zwi Ki|

wgDUkbi gvag Pnviv cvwq BwgDb cwZwqvi j _K mi hq bZzb fvBivm Zwi Ki|

GB BwgDbvmvcwmf fvBivm BwgDb eevK wbwq Ki bZzb fvBivm Zwi nq| GZ wmwW-4 wU-Kvli mv_ m mvBUvKvBbmjv AvcwKfve KvhKvwiZv nvivq|

AwZgvvq fvBivm msgYi mgq Kvli evBi Ggb GK aibi Uwb Zwi nq hv wK bv BwgDb ee vK wbRxe Ki Zvj|

Gici ivMi MfxiZv evovi mv_ mv_ GBPAvBwf fvBivm Zvi Pwi I AvgYi aviv e`wjq Ggb AvKvi (Syncitium-inducing ev SI) aviY Ki

hvZ wU-Kvl DxcK KgvKvBbmjv fvBivmi AvgY nZ wmwW-4 Kvli cZb iLZ Ag nq co| GZ i wmwW-4 Kvli msLv cwZ Nb wgwjwjUvi `yki wbP bg Avm|

Gi ciciB cwZQwe fvBivm ev wiwc-KUW (replicated) fvBivmi msLv Ggb AYb chvq Pj hvq h BwgDb cwZwqv Zvi m cvj-v w`q DVZ cvi bv| GB BwgDb cwZwqvi wechqi mv_ mv_B bvbv aibi myhvM mvbx RxevYyi msgY Ges bvbv aibi wUDgvii Drcw NU| Gme KviYB GBWm ivMxi gZz NU|

BwgDb ivi GB wPi cvcUB ejv hvq h, GKwU ^vKi cwZiva eevB GBPAvBwfK cwZiva Kievi Rb mePq eo A| GBPAvBwfK civ Kivi j hme Ilya cqvM Kiv nQ Ges fwelZ cqvM Kiv ne Zvi j ne GB BwgDb cwZwqvK kwkvjx Kiv|

G cvcU hv KiZ ne Zv nj gv^q i I wU-Kvli msLv evwoq Avbv| GBPAvBwf fvBivmK wPwZ Ki cwZivg~jK asm eev Mo Zvjv| wmwW-4 K evwoq Zvjv| myhvM mvbx msgYjvK cwZnZ Kiv|

1.15.1 wU-njcvi Kvl msv wKQy K_v :

wU-njcvi Kvljv wewfb iKg kZKwYKviB Ask| GB Kvljv ivM cwZivai K `xq kw wnmve KvR Ki| wU-njcvi Kvljv Zwi nq nvoi gvq Ges Zvici cwiYZ nq _vBgvm (Thymus) bvgK MwZ| _vBgvm MwwU Mjvq _vK| GKviYB G RvZxq Kvljvi bvg wU-njcvi Kvl| T AiwU Thymus _KB GmQ|

1.15.2 wU-Kvli kYx wefvM :

wU-Kvljv wZb iKg nq _vK; h_v wU-mvcmi (T-Suppressor) Kvl, mvBUvUwK-wU (Cytotoxic-T) Kvl Ges wU-njcvi Kvl|

1.15.3 wU-mvcmi Kvl

wU-mvcmi Kvljv BwgDb wmgi cwZiva msKZ cvV Ki cwZiva Kvli wbqYK Kv Ki wdWevK gKvwbRgi gvag|

1.15.4 mvBUvUwK-wU Kvl

mvBUvUwK-wU Kvljv ivMvv A_ev Kvvi Avv KvljvK AvgY Ki Ges asm Ki| 1.15.5 wU-njcvi Kvl wU-njcvi Kvljv kixii wewfb cwZiva eevi ga hvMvhvM vcb Ki Ges cKZ ivM-cwZiva eev ev BwgDwbwUK Kvhg ivL| wZb aibi wU-Kvl ev _vBgvm Kvli ga GKgv wU-njcvi Kvli gaB wmwW-4 bvgK GKwU mywPwZ vb iqQ hLvbUvq GBPAvBwf AvgY KiZ cvi| G KviY G RvZxq KvlB Kej GBPAvBwf viv Avv nq Ges kixi wU-njcvi Kvl Kg Mj eySZ ne fvBivmi AvgY evcK I weZZ nqQ| GB wU-njcvi Kvli msLv Avi wmwW-4 Gi msLv MYbv GKB evcvi| wU-njcvi KvDU, wmwW-4 KvDU, wU-Kvl KvDU BZvw` cixvjv Avmj GKB cixvi wewfb bvg|

wU-njcvi Kvl cwigvc KiZ nq cwZ wKDweK wgwjwjUvi i Gi msLv MYbv Ki| Ze AvRKvj wPwKrmKiv cwZiva ee vi Ae vb Rvbevi Rb hmg wb`kKi (indicator) Ici Rvi w`q _vKb Zvi ga AbZg nj wU-njcvi Kvli AbycvZ wU-mvcmi Kvli msLv| wU-mvcmi Kvljv cwZivaK KvljvK gi djvi gvag BwgDb eevK wbqY Ki ej wU-njcvii mv_ mv_ wU-mvcmii msLvI wbqYi ga ivLv cqvRb| my cwZiva eev ivi Rb wU-mvcmi Kvli msLvi evcvi aviYv _vKv `iKvi|

my wbivM `n wU-njcvi Kvli msLv wU-mvcmi Kvli wY| wK GBPAvBwf Avv nevi ciB G AbycvZ f wU-mvcmi Kvli msLv evoZ _vK Ges GKmgq Gi msLv wU-njcvi Kvli PqI eo hZ cvi| Avi hLb wU-njcvi I mvcmi Kvli AbycvZwU Dv nq 1:2-G `uvovq ZLb kixii cwZiva eevi iZi AebwZi K_v fveZ ne| Gme KviY ivMi Aevb wbYq wU-Kvljvi ga wU-njcvii AbycvZ GKwU iZc~Y w`K|

GKRb my ^vfvweK gvbyli kixi Qk _K evivk ch wU-njcvi Kvl _vKZ cvi cwZ wKDweK wgwjwjUvi i| wU-njcvi Kvli msLv Kg

hvevi welqwU GKKRbi kixi GKKiKg ivMi ev kvixwiK cwZiva eevi BwZ enb Ki| GUv ew wekl Abe` BwgDb eevi DcwwZZ wewfb ivMi AvMvmbi mv_ mKhy|

Ze wU-njcvi Kvl `yki wbP bg Mj eySZ ne ivMx GBWm Avv nqQ| wU-njcvi Kvljv hLb GKki wbP bg hvq, ZLb Avv ew GKvwaK ivMi mnR AvgYi wkKvi nq co| MocoZv jvKi wU-njcvi Kvl msLv GK nvRvii gZ nq _vK Ges GBPAvBwf AvgYi cv_wgK Aevq Gi msLv cuvPki IciB _vK| ivMwU hLb ga chvq, ZLb Gi msLv cuvPk _K bg `yki chvq Pj Avm| GB mgq Avvi `n bvbvwea AmyZv `Lv w`Z i Ki| Gici Gi msLv hLb `ykiI wbP Pj hvq ZLb GBWmi AMZ wewfb ivMi jY `Lv `q| iZi Aevq GB msLv GKki wbP bg Avm| BwgDb eev Gmgq AvgYKvix fvBivm, evwiqv, wewfb ciRxex I Kvvi KvlK kbv KiZ e_ nq|

wU-njcvi Kvli msLv AbK mgq DVvbvgv Ki| AbKmgq wèvivwi ga cv_K nZ cvi òk _K wZbki gZ| Aek AbKmgq jveiUwi cwqvi KviY MYbvq wfb djvdjI AvmZ cvi|

mvaviYZ GB wU-njcvi Kvli msLv ivMxi wbR^ wPvi KviY nq ej cixvwU cwZevi GKB mgq, GKB jve Kiv cqvRb| GK GKwU bZzb msgYi ci wZb mvn Acv Kiv DwPZ bZzb Ki cixv Kievi Rb| GQvov wU-njcvi Kvljvi DVvbvgvi mv_ mv_ wU-mvcmii AbycvZwU ivMxi Ae v wbYqi Rb weePbvq Avbv DwPZ|

wU-njcvi Kvljv hLb GKki wbP bg Avm ZLb Kvvi Kvlmn bvbviKg msgYi KviY ivMxi ^v Aevi gvivZK AebwZ NU| Gi gvSI `ywU ivMi AvgYi gaeZx mgq wU-njcvi Kvli msLv cvk wbqI ivMx my eva KiZ cvi Ges AvhRbKfve Kvb Kvb wU-njcvii msLv `k _K k~b Aev wbqI gvUvgywU my Aevq GKRb wKQyw`b euP _vKZ cvi| wekl Ki GBWmi bZzb Ilyajv cqvMi ci GgbUv AbK ewk me nQ| Ze cwZiva ee vi wechqi KviY GgwbZB Avv ew yèj I Kv nq co| AbK gvivZK IRb nvmi mv_ mv_ GBPAvBwfRwbZ Abvb mgmvq Avv nq|

Aavq `yB

GBWmi De I we vi

2.1.1 GBWmi BwZnvm Ges wevi (GBWm GwcWwgK I cvbWwgK) GBWm GwcWwgKi c_g hyM GBWm msgYi iUv `kgvb nq Di AvgwiKv, AvwdKv, BDivc Ges jvwZb AvgwiKvi KqKwU `k| cieZxZ GKhyM ci Zv Qwoq co Gwkqvi bvbv vb| mB mv_ AvwdKvi knijv _K Mvgvj Qwoq co GBWm gnvgvwi| AvR AvwdKvi Kvb Kvb vb cwZ cuvPRbi ga GKRb GBWm Avv| 1992 mbi GK cwimsLvb `Lv hvq h, m mgq mgM cw_exZ 12.9 wgwjqb jvK GBWm Avv wQj| Gi ga AaKB wQj AvwdKvq| ZLb aviYv Kiv nqwQj 2000 mb bvMv` GB msLv 110 wgwjqb wMq u`vove| GK cwimsLvb Rvbv hvq, 90-Gi `kK fviZi gy^vB kni hbKgxì kZKiv 30 fvMB GBWm-G Avv wQj| H mgq _vBjvi wPqvsgvB c`k GBWm -G Avv wQj 10 fvM hbKgx| 20-22 eqmmxgvi _vB mbv wizUì ga kZKiv `yfvMB GBPAvBwf Avv wQj| wek ^v ms vi (WHO) GK cwZe`b AvksKv Kiv nqwQj 2000 mbi ci GwkqvZ cwZ eQi bZzb Ki `k j jvK GBWm Avv ne| Ze weki `k `k GBWm cwZiva wKQy wKQy D`vM MnY Kivq RbmPZbZv wKQyUv njI ew cqQ| 2004 mb AbywZ evsKK GBWm mjbi Z_ Abyhvqx mB mgq wek GBWm Avv ivMxi msLv wQj wZb KvwU Avwk jvL| 2.2.1 GBWmi iUv Kv_vq Ges KLb? mfZvwebvkx GBWm cvbWwgKi iUv Kv_vq nqwQj Zv wbq bvbv weZK _vKjI MelKiv ejQb h, 60 _K 70-Gi `kK ek wKQy GBWm ivMxK `Lv MQ BDivc| GB ivM Zvì gaB `Lv wMqwQj hviv GKmgq AvwdKvZ KvR KiQ| GQvov h mg Kv BDivc Awfevmx nq GmwQj Zvì KviI KviI `n GBWmi jY `Lv wMqwQj H mgq| BDivcB GBWm Avv c_g ewK kbv Kiv nq| m wQj cuwPk eQi eq GKRb bvweK| bvbv `k gYi ci 1958 mb m Amy nq Ges

1959 mb wbDgvwmmwUm Kvwiwb wbDgvwbqv (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ev PCP) I mvBUvgMvjv fvBivm (CMV) Avv nq gviv hvq| cieZxZ cwjgvim PBb wiqvKkb Kkj (Polymerase Chain reaction ev PCR) cqvMi viv H bvweKi wUmy mvj cixv Ki welqwU wbwZ Kiv nq| hyivi miKvwi bw_fy `wjj GBPAvBwf cwRwUf wUmyi AwZi cgvY cvIqv hvq 1968 mb, cbiv eQi eq GK Kv evjKi `n| H evjK AvgwiKvi mU jyB knii evwm`v wQj| m kixigq Kvdvwmm mviKvgvq fyMwQj| Western Blot (WB) Test-G Zvi wUmy I mivg GBPAvBwf GwUewW aiv co| GjvBRv UI Zvi GBPAvBwf GwURb aiv co| Gici AvgwiKvZ ek wKQy GBWm ivMx kbv nq 80-Gi `kK| Rvqvii wKbmvmvq cwiPvwjZ MelYvq `Lv MQ h, mLvb c_g GBWm ivMxwU cvIqv wMqwQj 1959 mb| 70-Gi `kK DMvvq ivMwU eo AvKvi Qwoq co| 1981 mb hyiv GBWm kbv nevi ci BDivc cevmx ek wKQy AvwdKvbi `n GBWm kbv Kiv nq| Zvì AwaKvskB wQj Rvqvii Awaevmx| iqvv Ges Rvqvi cwiPvwjZ MelYvq `Lv hvq, 1962 mb ga AvwdKvZ GBWm RvZxq ivM we`gvb wQj| 1976 mb Rvqvi emevmiZ GKRb Wwbk mvRb Ges 1977 mb ejwRqvg emevmiZ Rvqvii GK bvMwiK GBWm ivM Avv nqwQj ej aviYv Kiv nq| ga AvwdKvq KgiZ wPwKrmKiv 60-Gi `kK GBWm m `k Ggb wKQy ivMi K_v Dj-L KiQb hv hyivwfwK mUvi di wWwRR KUvj (CDC) c` GBWmi msvi mv_ wgj hvq| H mgq GKwU bZzb ivM kbv Kiv nq hvi bvg wQj w -g wWwRR (Slim disease)| GB w -g wWwRRi jY wQj weivgnxb Wvqwiqv| 70 I 80-Gi `kK wPwKrmKiv AvwdKvq hme ivMi Dvb `Ljb Zvi ga Dj-LhvM wQj gvivZK AvKvi Kvdvwmm mviKvgv, Lv`bvjxZ QvKi msgY Ges wvKvwmm| i cixv bv Ki h mg jY I ivMi cKvk `L GBWm kbv Kiv nq, G aibi AmyLjv ZviB AMZ| hwÌ GBWm ivM 70-Gi `kKi AvMB wewQbfve AvwdKvi KqKwU vb `Lv wMqwQj, Ze cKZ GwcWwgK `Lv `q 70 `kKi kl _K 80 `kKi c_g fvM ch mgq, hgbUv `Lv wMqwQj hyiv Ges nvBwZZ| 2.3.1 AvwdKv I mve-mvnviv Aj GBWmi wevi: AvwdKv Ges mve-mvnviv Aj GB ivMi evcK wevii GKwU KviY nj RvZxq Dbqb I bMivqbi mv_ mv_ kniKw `K kwgK kYx I hbKgxì msLv ew| GB mg kwgKiv cwievi _K wewQb nIqvZ GKw`K hgb hbKgxì mv_ wecbK hbmshvM NUvq, Zgwb hvZvqvZ eev DbZ

nevi Rb hbKgx I Avv kwgK `ki me Qwoq co| Gici `yej ^v eev, ivRbwZK msNvZ, hy BZvwì KviY ivMi wevi NUQ| Kbbv, hy I ivRbwZK Aw iZvK bvbv aibi hbivM wevii GKwU AbZg KviY wnmve aiv nq| AvwdKvi h cvuPwU `k mevP chvq GBPAvBwf ivMi msgY NUQ mjv nj Zvvwbqv, DMvv, Kwbqv, gvjvwe I Rvqvi| hme `k GBWmi wevi evoQ mjv nj gvbymvi gvjvwe, DMvv, wR^veyq, iqvv Ges Zvvwbqv| hyiv I BDivc hLvb 90 fvM GBPAvBwf msgY NU mgKvgx, BbRKkbi gvag WvM mebKvix (IDUs) I Zvì mx Ges ngvdvBwjqvKì ga, mLvb AvwdKvZ ivMi msgY nq egyLx hbwgjb, i cwimvjb Ges MfKvjxb Aevq ivM msgYi KviY| AvwdKvb mve mvnviv Aj 80 fvM GBPAvBwf msgY nq nUivmyqvjì hbwgjbi gvag cavbZ cyil _K bvix`n msgY NU| GZ bvixivB ewk Avv nQ AvwdKvZ| Avv bvix I cyili GB AbycvZwU 14:1| Zzjbvg~jKfve AvgwiKvZ bvix-cyil Avvi AbycvZwU 1:19| AvwdKvZ hbmwqZv ii mv_ mv_ ivMi msgY NU| 20-24 eqmmxgvi ga mevP msLK bvix G ivM Avv nQ| cyilì ga 25-29 eqmmxgvi ga ivMi Aev mevP chvq cuQQ| cyil I bvixi mshvMi gvag GBPAvBwf msgY ewZ h KviYjv evcK f~wgKv ivLQ Zv nj Nb Nb hbwgjb, GKvwaK hbmx, hbKgxì mv_ mK Ges hbivM cyl ivLv| GQvov hbmyivq KbWg eenvi bv Kivi welqwU Zv iqQB| Kwbqvq GK MelYvq `Lv MQ h, Lvrbv Qvov cyilì gaB GBPAvBwf-1-Gi msgY ewk NUQ| gqì ga hviv RbwbqY ewo eenvi KiQ Zvì gaI GBPAvBwf-1 msgY ewk NUQ| AvwdKvZ GBPAvBwf msgYi GKwU cavb KviY hbevwnZ ivM| MelYvq `Lv MQ, GBPAvBwf Avvi ga 50 fvMB Abvb hbivM Avv| Abvvì ga 14 fvM hbivM cvIqv MQ| 1985 mb MelKiv mbMvji hbKgxì ga Ggb GK aibi GBPAvBwf kbv Kib hv wmwgqvb BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivm (Simian immunodeficiency virus ev SIV) -Gi mv_ m wiqv KiQ| GKB aibi fvBivm cvIqv wMqwQj 1980 mb wMwb wemvDZ| 1966 mb AvBfwi Kv Ges 1967 mb Mveb I bvBRwiqvZ cvIqv wMqwQj| gRvi evcvi nj, GB fvBivmwU (GBPAvBwf-2) ek wKQy cZzMxR ivMxì `nI cvIqv wMqwQj| Zviv meZ 60-Gi `kK AvwdKv _K G ivM wbq wMqwQj|

40 41

GBPAvBwf-2 msgY cavbZ cwg AvwdKvq `Lv MQ| mbMvj, wMwb, wMwb wemvD, Mvw^qvi knivj GB GBPAvBwf-2-Gi cvavb `Lv MQ| cwg AvwdKvi knivj hbKgxì ga 15 _K 64 fvMB GBPAvBwf-2Z Avv| mePq ewk Avv nj wMwb wemvDZ| GLvbKvi 8.9 fvM cveqB GBPAvBwf-2 mivcwRwUf| GBPAvBwf-1-Gi gZ GBPAvBwf-2I nUivmyqvj mKi gvag Qwoq _vK| hbevwnZ ivMvv Ges hbKgxì ga Gi cvavb ewk| wMwb wemvDZ `Lv MQ, GBPAvBwf-2-Z Avv 40 fvM ewi xivI GKB ivM Avv| gv _KI mvbì ga GBPAvBwf-2-Gi msgY NU _vK| Ze GBPAvBwf-2-Gi fviwUKvj Uvwgkb GBPAvBwf-1-Gi Pq AbK Kg nq _vK| GBPAvBwf-2-Gi AviKwU Dj-LhvM w`K nj eqm evovi mv_ mv_ GB fvBivmi msgYi nviI ew cq _vK| Gi mve KviY axi MwZZ Gi msgY Ges mB mv_ Gi `xNgqv`x GbWwgK Pwi| AvwdKvq hbKgxì 27 _K 88 fvM GBPAvBwf cwRwUf| AbK AvMi GKUv wicvUB `Lv MQ iqvvi cvq 43 fvM hbKgx GBPAvBwf Avv| 1984 mbi AvMB G msLv wQj cvq 33 fvM| cieZxZ GUv cvq 88 fvM DbxZ nqQ ej MelKiv RvwbqQb| bvBivweZ 1981 mb 4 fvM hbKgx GBPAvBwf cwRwUf wQj| 1985 mb Zv 61 fvM Gm ùvovq| 1986 mb cKvwkZ GK wicvU `Lv hvQ, bvBivwei wbkYxi hbKgxì 66 fvM Ges GKUy DuPz ii hbKgxì ga 31 fvM GBPAvBwf Avv | ga AvwdKvZ GB hbKgxì m gjvgkv GBWm wevii GKwU eo KviY| hbKgxì ga GBWm ivM ewk nevi KviYjvi ga ay myivi AfveB bq, mB mv_ AwaK nvi hbwgjb I hvwbc_ Nv AbZg KviY| wmwdwjm, Mbvwiqv, kvsqW, K vgvBwWqvmn, hbv bvbv aibi Nv GBPAvBwf msgYi Dj-LhvM KviY| Rb wbqYi ewoI AbK GBPAvBwf msgY mnvqK cwiek Zwi KiQ| Gme GjvKvq GBPAvBwf Avvì ga 81 fvM cyil weMZ `yeQii ga gvm AZ GKevi hbKgxì mv_ wgwjZ nqwQj| Gme Aj Avv gvqì msLvI Dj-LhvM| mve-mvnviv Aj GBPAvBwf Avvì ga 10 fvMB Avv nq Rbm~ gvqi Mf _K| iqvvi wKMvwjZ cvq 20 fvM gv GBPAvBwf Avv| DMvvZ cvq 30 fvM gv GBPAvBwf cwRwUf ej cgvwYZ nqQ| Gme Aj gv _K wkì ga GBPAvBwf fvBivm msgYi nvi 30 _K 39 fvM| wKbmvmvZ 6 fvM MfeZxK GBPAvBwf cwRwUf wnmve kbv Kiv nqQ Ges GB me gvqì Mf Rb bqv 21 fvM wk GBPAvBwf Avv nevi KviY GK eQii ga gviv MQ| Rvw^qvZ GBPAvBwf Avv wkì ga 45 fvM gviv MQ Rbi `yeQii ga| mve-mvnviv Aj 10 fvM wkB Avv nqQ i

cwimvjbi KviY| RvqviI GBPAvBwf Avv wkì ga 25 fvM Avv nq _vK i cwimvjbi KviY| cvvZ GBWm wwbs Kivi KviY G aibi wechq AbK Kg| GBWm wevii mekl wekcwiw wZ: wekevcx GBWm Avv bvixi msLv gv^q ew cvQ| 2003 mbi wWmî cKvwkZ GK cwimsLvb Rvbv hvq h, wekevcx GBWm ivM Avvì 50 fvMB bvix| AvwdKvi mve-mvnviv Aj GBWm Avvì 57 fvMB bvix| (m~: 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: Executive Summery)

bZzb Ki hviv GBPAvBwfZ Avv nQ Zvì 50 fvMi eqmmxgv 15-24 eQii ga| wewfb gnv`k GBWm wevii cvcU chvjvPbv Ki `Lv hvQ, AvwdKvi AevB mePq fqven| GwkqvZ GBWm GwcWwgKi AevI Kg fxwZKi bq| Pxb, B`vbwkqv, wfqZbvg GBWm Avvi msLv `Z ew cvQ| eZgvb G Aj cvq 7.4 wgwjqb jvK GBPAvBwf Avv iqQ| Gì ga 2003 mbB Avv nqQ 1.1 wgwjqb jvK| `wY AvwdKvi ci mevP msLK GBPAvBwf Avv ew emevm KiQ fviZ| eZgvb mLvb GBPAvBwf Avvi msLv 5.1 wgwjqbi KvQvKvwQ|Ze ^w i welq nj GB h, _vBjv I K^vwWqv GBWm wbqY wKQyUv njI mdjZvi gyL `LQ| mekl wnmve gZ, AvwdKvb mve-mvnviv Aj GBPAvBwf Avv iqQ 25 wgwjqb jvK| GLvb GBWmi KviY gZz nviI AbK ewk| Kej 2003 mbB G Aj bZzb Ki Avv nqQ cvq wZb wgwjqb jvK| Gmgq GBWmRwbZ KviY gZz eiY KiQ 2.2 wgwjqb jvK| AvwdKvi gv`vMvvi, mvqvwRjvi gZ `k mcwZ GBWm Avvi nvi evojI Avkvi K_v nj, DMvvZ GB nvi wKQyUv KgQ|

AvwdKvi `wYvji mvZwU `k GBWm Avvi nvi Zvì gvU RbmsLvi 17 fvM| eZmvqvbv I mvqvwRjv GBPAvBwf Avvi nvi cvq 35 fvM| AvwdKvi Abvb `kjvZ GBPAvBwf Avv iqQ 2 _K 20 fvM RbMvx| Di AvwdKv Ges gacvP GBWm Avvi msLv 4 jvL 80 nvRvi|

c~e BDivc I ga Gwkqvq eZgvb cvq 1.3 wgwjqb jvK GBPAvBwf Avv| A_P 1995 mb G Aj Avvi msLv wQj gv 1 jvL 60 nvRvi| cwg BDivc eZgvb GBPAvBwf Avvi msLv 5 jvL 80 nvRvi|

jvwZb AvgwiKvq eZgvb 1.6 wgwjqb jvK GBPAvBwf Avv| evwRji Kvb Kvb kni gv`Kmexì 60 fvMiI ewk GBPAvBwf Avv|

42 43

Kvwiweqvb Aj 3 fvM jvK GBPAvBwf Avv| ay evnvgv, nvBwZ I wwb`v`-UvevMvZ 4 jvL 30 nvRvi GBPAvBwf Avv iqQ| Kvwiweqvb Aji ga mePq Lvivc Aev nvBwZi| mLvb 5.6 fvM jvK GBPAvBwf Avv| AvgwiKv hyiv eZgvb cvq 9 jvL 50 nvRvi jvK GBPAvBwf Avv| mLvb bZzb Ki hviv Avv nQ Zvì AvwaKvskB AvwdKvb eskv~Z AvgwiKvb| (m~: 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: Executive Summery)

2.4.1. GBWm ivMi De mK wKQy gZev`: 1981 mbi em GBWmK GKwU bZzb ivM wnmve wbeb Kiv nq gvwKb hyiv| AvgwiKvi wmwWwm H eQii 5 Ryb jmGjmi Ggb cuvPRb k mg_ mgKvgxK kbv Ki hviv wekl aibi wbDgvwbqvq Avv nq nvmcvZvj khvkvqx wQj| Zviv wcwmwcZ fyMwQj| GKgvm ci RyjvB-Gi 3 ZvwiL AviI 10 Rb jvKK kbv Kiv nq GKB aibi wbDgvwbqv Avv Ae vq| Gici 26 Rb cyilK kbv Kiv nq Kvdvwmm mviKvgv bvgK GK aibi ZKi Kvvi Avv Aevq| wcwmwc GK aibi cvUvRvqv| GUv Avgvì cwiekB _vK Ges mvaviYZ my gvbylK Avv Ki bv| ZeyI G aibi msgYjv cici NUZ _vKj wbDBqK, mvbdvwmKv, jmGjmmn wewfb Aj, my -mej mgKvgxì ga| wKQyw`bi gaB AvgwiKvq GUv GwcWwgK AvKvi Qwoq coj| BDivc I Di AvgwiKvq Ke, KLb G ivM Abycek Kij Ges Zv Kxfve NUj Zv wbq i nj bvbv MelYv| c_g ivM msgYi gvagwU kbv bv nIqvq bvbv Rbv-Kbv PjwQj| GgbI Kbv Kiv nwQj h, G ivMi RxevYy evZvm ev Ab Kvb gvag evwnZ nq gvbe`n Abycek KiQ| cwikl wbwZ nIqv hvq h, GwU mswgZ nQ hbmshvMi gvag, wekl Ki mgKvgxì ga Ges Kvb Kvb BbRKkbi gvag gv`Kmexì ga| Gici i nq ivM-RxevYy kbv Kivi cPv| G cwqvq wevbxiv MelYvi gvag cgvY Kib h, Kvb RxevYy ev ciRxex bq, GKiKg fvBivm viv G ivM msgY NUQ| 1983 Ges 1984 mb hyivwfwK wZbwU jveiUwi cvq mgmvgwqK mgq GBWm fvBivm ev h fvBivm GBWm ivM mw KiwQj ZvK kbv Ki| GKB mv_ fvBivm kbv nIqvq wewfb MelYvMvi bZzbfve kbv Kiv wZbwU fvBivmK wZbiKg bvg `q|

cv_wgKfve wbevwPZ bvg wZbwU wQj Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type- III (HTLV-III) AIDS associated retrovirus (ARV)

kl ch `Lv Mj h, wZbwU fvBivmB GKB fvBivmi wewfb ic| G cvcU 1986 mb GB fvBivmjvi mwwjZ bvg `qv nq Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-I (HIV1)|

2.5.1. RxeR _K gvbyli ga GBWm msgYi cPwjZ aviYv KZUzKz evemZ RxeR _K gvbyli ga GBWm msgYi mvebv wbq mvaviYi ga GKwU cPwjZ Rbv Kbv iqQ| G cvcU MelKiv `LQb h, GBPAvBwf wkvwi ga GBWm NUvZ cvijI Zv Zzjbvg~jKfve Kg mv_K nq| wkvwi hvvwbc_ fvBivj mvqve cek Kwiq `Lv MQ wkvwI GBPAvBwf fvBivm viv Avv nQ| Ze gyLi wgDKvmvi gvag cixvg~jK msgY mv_K nqwb| h mg cyil wkvwK wmwgqvb BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivm (GmAvBwf) viv mswgZ Kiv me nqQ Zv chvqg cyil _K gq wkvwZ Ges gq _K cyil wkvwZ mswgZ nqQ| Ici Dwj-wLZ GB cixv gvbe kixii evBi fvBivmi DcwwZ cmwUK wKQyUv cki gyLvgywL Ki w`qQ| Ze GUv wVK h, cKwZZ Kvb RxeRi ga GBPAvBwf fvBivm cvIqv hvqwb| ZvB KzKzi, weovj, wkqvj BZvw` viv mvaviYfve GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv Aeve| 2.6.1. GBPAvBwf fvBivmi gZ h BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivmjv RxeRMZ _vKZ cvi: wmwgqvb BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivm (GmAvBwf) bvgK fvBivm GK RvZxq cvYxi ga `Lv wMqQ| GUv wkvw RvZxq cvYxì ga BwgDbvWwdwmqw wmbWgi gZ ivM NwUq _vK| GiKg GKwU fvBivm iqQ hvi bvg wfmbv (Visna)| GUv QvMj-fovi ga `Lv hvq| GUvI GBWmi gZ ivM NUvq QvMj-fovi ga| djvBb (Feline) BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivm ev FIV weovji ga GBWm RvZxq AmyL NUvq| GdAvBwf GBPAvBwfi gZB GKwU iUvfvBivm Ges ivMi msgY GBPAvBwfi gZB| Ze GdAvBwf viv gvbyl Avv nqbv|

Gwfqvb mviKvgv fvBivm bvgK GKiKg BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivm gyiMxi ga BwgDbvWwdwmqw ivM NUvq|

bb-wnDgvb Kivbv fvBivm wgDUkbi ci hgb gvbylK Avv KiZ cvi, Zgwb RxeRi BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivm wekl Ki iUv fvBivm wgDUkbi ci Kx chvq hZ cvi wKsev Zv gvbylK Avv KiZ cvi wK bv m evcvi Kvb hyMvn wevbwbfi cgvY cvIqv hvq bv| gvbyli ga we`gvb iUvfvBivmjvi wgDUkb NUI GBPAvBwf fvBivmi De nZ cvi|

44 45

hvB nvK, RxeR _K gvbe`n fvBivmi Pj AvmvwU bZzb wKQy bq| mvcwZKKvj RxeRi kixi _K AvMZ Kivbv fvBivmi msgYi djB mvmi Avwefve nqQ| mxwgZ njI GB Kivbv fvBivm AZxZ ccvwLi kixi _K gvbe kixi mswgZ nq Ri, GbKdvjvBwUm, gvBjvBwUm BZvw` NwUqwQj| Rxe`n _K gvbe`n G fvBivmwUi msgYi bvg Rybvwmm (Zoonosis)| RybvwmmK AMnYhvM Z wnmve gb Kiv hvQ bv bvbv KviY| Kbbv GBPAvBwf AvwdKvi evbii `n we`gvb GKaibi fvBivmi mgMvxq Ges H AjB GBPAvBwf-1 I 2 Gi iUv nq| GiciI G Z MnxZ nQ bv mKj wevbxi KvQ| Ze hv wekwevbxiv gb wbQb Zv nj GB h, GBPAvBwf-1 Gi Drcw mvcwZKKvjB ga AvwdKvZ nqQ| mLvb _K Di AvgwiKv I BDivc QwoqQ, Mvg _K kni gvbyli hvMvhvM I PjvPj ewi Rb| meZ ivMwU ga AvwdKvi cZ ebvj I cvovMvu _K kni, mLvb _K AvwdKvi wewfb `k Ges cieZxZ wewfb gnv`k Qwoq coQ|

gvbe kixi Avv wU-njcvi Kvl Ges Avv BwgDb Kvljvi ga j KvwU fvBivm cvwUKj _vK| fvBivm Qovevi Rb Avv ewi i Ges kixii im ev Zij c`v_ GK`n _K AviK `n QovZ nq| GB fvBivm Avv i, exh, hvwbim BZvw` GK`n _K AviK `n cek bv Kij KvbfveB GBWm QovZ cvi bv| 2.7.1. hyivi GBWm msv wKQy cwimsLvb:

1983 mb nUivmyqvj mKi KviY hyiv 6.9 fvM bvix GBWm Avv nqQ| 1986 mb GB nvi wQj 7 fvM Ges 1990 mb 11.5 fvM| 1992 mb GB nvi 13.5 fvM wMq cuQvq|

1984 mb hyiv cwiPvwjZ MelYvq RvwZMZfve GBWm wevii cwimsLvb wbgic GBPAvBwf Avv ì ga kZKiv 59 fvM wQj kZv| 25 fvM Avv wQj Kvjvì AMZ, 14 fvM wQj wnvwb| wK g GBPAvBwf msgYwU Kvjv I wnvwbì ga evoZ _vK| 1992 mbi GK cwimsLvb `Lv hvq GBPAvBwf Avvì ga kZKiv 48 fvM kZv, 33 fvM Kvjv Ges 17.5 fvM wnvwb| eqmwfwK Avvì 20-29 eqmmxgvi ga 1986 mb Avv wQj 21 fvM, 30-39 eqmmxgvi ga 47 fvM, 40-49 eqmmxgvi 21 fvM, 49+ eqmxì ga 10 fvM| 1992 mb 20-29 eqmmxgvi ga Avvi msLv bg Avm 19 fvM| 30-39 eqm mxgvi ga GB nvi wQj 46 fvM Ges 49+ eqmxì ga 10 fvM| (m~: wmwWwm mvwfj wicvU, 1986 Ges 1993)|

weMZ eQijvZ hyiv GBPAvBwfi jY wnmve we`gvb AmyL wevii ceYZvi gaI evcK cwieZb NUQ| GBWm GwcWwgKi ii w`K 90 fvM ivMx wcwmwc wbq wPwKrmKi kiYvcb nqQ| 1982 mb 58 fvM GBWm ivMxi wcwmwc, 30 fvMi Kvdvwmm mviKvgv Ges 12 fvMi Abvb ivMi msgY cwijwZ nq| 1992-G Gm wcwmwci msgYi nvi bg Avm 42 fvM Ges Kvdvwmm mviKvgv bg Avm gv 9 fvM| 1992-Gi cavb jY wnmve cwijwZ nq GBPAvBwf Iqws wmbWg (wasting syndrome) hv gvU ivMxi 20 fvMi ga `Lv hvq| A_P GB jYwU c~e GBPAvBwfi msvi Afy wQj bv| 1992-Gi ci Abvb h jYjvi ga cwieZb NU Zv nj BmvdvwRBj KvwwWqvwmm ev Lv`bvjxZ QvKi msgY| GUv Avvì 15 fvMi `Lv hvq| mvBUvgMvjvfvBivm msgY 9 fvM Ges gvBKvevwiqvg Gwfqvg Kgc- 7 fvM cwijwZ nq| GQvovI cwijwZ nq GBPAvBwf GbKdvjvcvw_ 6 fvM , wvKvwmm 5 fvM , Uvc-vRgvwmm 5 fvM Ges bvbv vb Qwoq cov nvicm wmgc- 5 fvM |

ivM msgYi GB cwieZbi avivwUi cQbi KviY Abymvb Ki `Lv hvq h, Kvdvwmm mviKvgvi cvavb wQj mgKvgxì ga| mgKvgxì hbAvPiY cwieZbi KviY Ges myiv cvevi KviY Kvdvwmm mviKvgv Kg GmQ| Gi _K aviYv Kiv nq h, GKwU hbevwnZ GRU Kvdvwmm mviKvgvi msgY NUvwQj mvaviY mgKvgx Ges gv`Kmex mgKvgxì ga| 2.7.2. bvix I cyilì ga Kviv ewk Avv?

mUvi di wWwRR KUvj (wmwWwm) Dj-L Ki h, 1981 mb hyiv c_g GBWm Avv bvixK kbv Kiv nqwQj| 1992 mbi AvM GB msLv eo u`vovq 24 nvRvi 323 Rb hv wK bv H Aji mvgwMK GBWm Avvì 10.5 fvM| eZgvb AvgwiKvq emevmiZ AvwdKvb I AvgwiKvbì ga gZzi KviY wnmve GBWmi vb cg| hme `k (cvUvb-2 `kmg~n) egyLx hbmKi KviY GBWm QovQ mLvb bvixì Aev AviI Lvivc| AvwdKvb mve-mvnviv Aj gvU GBPAvBwf Avvi 50 fvMB bvix| Lye kxNB GB bvixì ga GBWmRwbZ ivM gZz Abvb AmyL wemyLi KviY mwwjZ gZz i nviK Qvwoq hve| 2.8.1. GBWm ivMi De mK jLKi gZev`: wVK Kxfve GBWmi i nqQ Zv Avgvì Rvbv bB| Ze GBWmi De ev i wbq bvbv aibi Z cPwjZ iqQ|

46 47

GKwU Z njivMwU kZ kZ eQi aiB wQj Ges cw_exi Kvb wewQb Aj mxgve wQj hv wK bv cieZxZ bvbv `k Qwoq coQ| G ZwU Lye GKUv MnYhvM nqwb G KviY h, wek hvMvhvM, gY, AvMvmb, bZzb `k Awfhvb, Avtgnv`kxq evwYR BZvw` AbK AvM i njI ivMwU 1950 mbi AvM `Lv hvqwb| G cvcU GBWm Dei wZxq ZwUi cwZ gbvhvM `qv nq hvZ gb Kiv nq, gvbylK mPivPi AvgY Ki h mg fvBivm, ZviB GKwUi wgDUkb NUvi KviY GBPAvBwf fvBivm Zwi nqQ| Ze gvbe`n hmg fvBivm AvgY Ki GBPAvBwf fvBivmi mv_ Zvi mvgvbZg wgj bv cvIqvq GB ZwUI cvq bvKP nq hvq| GBPAvBwf-Gi Drcw msv ZZxq Ges evcKfve AvjvwPZ ZwU nj, GwU AvwdKvi GK cRvwZi evbii `n we`gvb fvBivm _K gvbe`n QwoqQ| G jLK gb Kib, GB fvBivm evbi RvZxq cvYx _K QovjI Gi GKwU AvZ BUviwgwWqU nv iqQ hv _K gvbe`n GB fvBivmi msgY nqQ wKQy Kv-dvii KviY| y`NUbv Qvov fvBivm wgDUkb I weKvki cQb B I wekl aibi BKvjvB-Gi f~wgKvi Ici Rvi w`Qb jLK| RxeRZ we`gvb GBPAvBwf RvZxq BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivmi weeZbi welqwUi Dci iZ Avivc Ki jLK Zuvi GK MelYvq Dj-L Kib- Probably the retrovirus that was transmitted from Chimp to Human being was HIV2, which has longer incubation period and less virulence. Later it may have mutated and evolved HIV1. An intermediate host that has made this zoonosis successful is still missing. wZwb AviI ejb HIV has certain relation with global warming, execs carbon dioxide emission, UV radiation and ecological changes.

wmwgb BwgDbvWwdwmqw fvBivm _K wgDUkbi gvag GBPAvBwf-2 RvZxq fvBivmi weeZbi welqwUi Dci wZwb iZ Avivc Kib|

jLK gb Kib, AvwdKv gnv`k GBWm ivMi i I Zvi evcK wevii cQb cwiek wechq Qvov `vwi`, Kgmsvbi Afve, ^v mevi Afve I `Z bMivqb Ges bvMwiK myweavi AfveK GBWm ivMi evcK wevii

cQb Dj-LhvM KviY wnmve weePbv KiQb jLK|

GQvov wewfb RvwZ, Mvxi gvbwmK MVb I evwZK SzuwKc~Y hb AvPiYi KviY wnmve wPwZ Kib jLK| Avevi GB gvbwmK MVbi cQb Rxbi cfvewU AZ iZc~Y|

Aavq wZb

evsjv`k GBWmi wevi

3.1.1. evsjv`k GBWmi wevi:

MZ GK `kK ai wekevcx GBWm ivMi wevi wecbKfve Qwoq coQ| evsjv`k Gi gvv GLbI AvkvRbK bv njI bvbv KviY evsjv`k GBWm msgYi AbZg cavb SzuwKc~Y `k| G`ki 14 KvwU gvbylK GBWmi fqvenZv _K iv Kievi Rb GLbB evcK Kgm~wP MnY Kiv cqvRb|

miKvwi wnmve 2001 mb evsjv`k GBPAvBwf cwRwUf ivMxi msLv wQj 188 Rb| 2002 mb GB msLv eo nqQ 248 Rb| 2002 mb AviI 59 Rb cyil Ges AvURb bvixK GBPAvBwf cwRwUf wnmve kbv KiQ GKwU emiKvwi Dbqb ms v| 2002 mb Avv gvU 315 Rbi ga cwiPq cvIqv MQ 286 Rbi| Gì 235 Rb cyil Ges 51 Rb gwnjv| miKvii `qv Z_vbyhvqx, GBWm Avvì ga G ch gviv MQ 20 Rb|

evcK cevmx AaywlZ eni wmjUB GLb `ki ga mevwaK GBWm SzuwKc~Y Aj cwiYZ nqQ| GB Aj 83 Rbi gZv GBWm Avv ivMxi mvb cvIqv MQ| 1989 mb wmjU RjvZB mec_g GBWm ivMxi mvb cvIqv hvq| ivMx wQjb gacvP diZ GK ew| wKQy w`b AvM wZwb gviv MQb| Zvi xI GKB ivM gviv MQb| GQvov 1991 mbi AvM gvm KvbvBNvU DcRjvq GKB m wZbRb GBWm ivMxi mvb cvIqv hvq| yèvBq wPwKrmvKvj Zvì kixi GBWmi RxevYy aiv co|

ay wmjUB bq, we`k cZvMZ ewi gvag MvUv cwievi GBWm Avv nIqvi NUbv cvebvZI NUQ| G KgiZ emiKvwi weklì gZ, wecyj msLK GBPAvBwf cwRwUf kbvi evBi iq MQ, hv LyeB DMi welq|

48 49

eQi wfwK GBPAvBwf Avvi cwimsLvb :

mb Avvi msLv GK eQi ew eQi wfwK ewi nvi 2000 153 Rb 0 0 2001 188 Rb 35 Rb 22.88 % 2002 315 Rb 127 Rb 67.55 %

2002 mb Avv 315 Rbi ga cwiPq cvIqv MQ 286 Rbi| Gì ga cyil 235 Rb, gwnjv 51 Rb|

Avvi KvUvMwi msLv Avvi nvi cyil 235 74.60 bvix 51 16.19 AvZ 29 9.21 gvU 315 100

miKvwi wnmve i cixvi gvag `k h 248 Rbi `n GBPAvBwf fvBivm cvIqv MQ ej Dj-L Kiv nqQ Zvì cwimsLvb:

ckv/cwiPq msLv Avvi nvi we`k cZvMZ 111 Rb 45 fvM Mnea~ 25 Rb 10 fvM wk 17 Rb 7 fvM ckv`vi hbKgx 7 Rb 3 fvM UvK WvBfvi 2 Rb 1 fvM Qv 1 Rb 0.4 fvM eemvqx 3 Rb 1 fvM Kvivew` 2 Rb 1 fvM AvZ 78 Rb 31 fvM

gvU 248 Rb

Avv 248 Rbi ga bvix 50 Ges cyil 198 Rb|

wj Avvi msLv Avvi nvi cyil 198 Rb 80 fvM gwnjv 50 Rb 20 fvM

gvU 248 Rb

Avv 248 Rbi eqm wfwK cwimsLvb| eqm mxgv Avvi msLv Avvi nvi

wk 17 Rb 7 fvM 15-19 17 Rb 7 fvM 20-24 82 Rb 33 fvM 25-29 55 Rb 22 fvM 30-34 45 Rb 18 fvM AvZ 32 Rb 13 fvM

gvU 248 Rb cwimsLvb `Lv hvQ ZiY eqmxivB GBPAvBwfZ Avv nQ mevwaK| 2002 mb Avv 315 Rbi ga RjvwfwK cwimsLvb:

Rjv Avvi msLv XvKv 70 Rb

wmjU 43 Rb PMvg 51 Rb Lyjbv 8 Rb

ivRkvnx 3 Rb ewikvj 3 Rb we`kx 7 Rb AvZ 130 Rb

gvU 315 Rb (m~: RvZxq GBPAvBwf Ges AvPiYMZ mvwfjvi ZZxq chvq Rwici Z_vewj; 2000-2001)|

GB cwimsLvb `Lv hvQ, hviv GBWm SuzwKc~Y AvPiYi m mswk- bq ZvivI GBPAvBwf fvBivm Avv nQ| GBWm Avvì msk GmB Zvì cwievii m`miv G ivM Avv nqQ| cv_wgKfve hviv SzuwKc~Y hbRxeb hvcb KiQ A_ev we`k hbeemvq m nqQ, ZvivB GB ivM Avv nqQ| `ki ga Ges `ki evBi G mg jvKì SuywKc~Y AvPiY AevnZ _vKj GKmgq evsjv`k NvZK evwa GBWm msgY gnvgvwi chvq hve ej AvksKv Kiv hvQ|

evsjv`k ivMwU Qovbvi mevwaK SuywKc~Y RbMvx nj wmwii gvag wkivq gv`K MnYKvix| Gì kZKiv 4 fvM GBPAvBwf Avv ej aiv coQ| wkivq gv`K MnYKvix Qvov GBWm Qovbvi SuywKc~Y wnme wPwZ wewfb chvqi hbKgx, UvK PvjK, wivPvjK, wnRov cfwZ RbMvxi ga c~eeZx Rwici Zzjbvq GBPAvBwf msgY Zgb evowb|

50 51

2002 mvji wWmî ch miKvwi wnmve G `k GBPAvBwf fvBivm enbKvixi msLv wQj 248 Rb Ges Gì ga GBWm Avvi msLv 26 Rb ejv nqwQj| miKvii GB wnmve GLb wekvm Ki bv G welq m`n iqQ| wek ^v ms v Ges BD Gb GBWmi gZ, eZgvb G msLv cvq 13 nvRvi ej Dj-L Kiv nq |

emiKvix GK wnmve (2006) Abyhvqx `k GBPAvBwf cRwUf ivMxi msLv 658Rb| GZ 2004 mvji wWmî ^v I cwievi KjvY gYvjqi kl NvlYv Abyhvqx `k 465 Rb GBPAvBwf cwRwUf ivMxi mv_ 193 Rb bZzb ivMxK mshy Kiv nqQ| Dj-L Kiv cqvRb h 2004 mvj 102 Rb GBPAvBwf cwRwUf bZzbfve cyibv wnmvei mv_ mshy Kiv nqwQj| H mgqi cwimsLvb Abyhvqx `ki 465 Rb GBPAvBwf cwRwUfi ga 87 Rb GBWm Avv nqwQj| Gì ga 44 Rb BwZga gviv MQ|

2003 mbi gvP kxjvq wekevsK AvqvwRZ GBWm cwZiva welqK GK Kgkvjvi Z_ Abyqvqx GBWm wevii SzuwKc~Y AvPiYi evsjv`k Gwkqvi ga kxl iqQ|

eQi wfwK GBPAvBwf Avvi nvjbvMv` cwimsLvb (evsjv`k):

mb Avvi msLv GK eQi ew eQi wfwK ewi nvi 2000 153 Rb 2001 188 Rb 35 Rb 22.87 % 2002 315 Rb 127 Rb 67.55 % 2003 363 Rb 48 Rb 15.23% 2004 465 Rb 102 Rb 28.09% 2005 658 Rb 193 Rb 41.50%

Dcivwj-wLZ QK Abyhvqx `Lv hvQ, 2003 mb evsjv`ki gvwUZ GBWm ivMxi ewi nvi wQj 15.23%, 2004 mb 28.09% Ges 2005 mb ewi nvi wQj 41.50%| eQi cwZ GBWm ivMxi msLv ewi nvi nj Mo 35%| emiKvix wnmve Abyhvqx 2002 mb evsjv`k DcwZ 13 nvRvi GBPAvBwf enbKvix ivMxi K_v gb wbj 2010 mvj Gi msLv `vove 143413 Rb| Avi 2005 mvj `k we`gvb GBPAvBwf ivMxi msLvwU 13 nvRvi ej gb wbj 2010 mvj Gi msLv `vove 58290 Rb| miKvix wnmve Abyhvqx H mgq ivMxi msLv `vove 2948 Rb| nVvr Ki we`k cZvMZ GBPAvBwf cwRwUfì msLv ew bv cj 2010 mvji wPwU GgbB ne| emiKvix wnmve Abyhvqx eZgvb `k AevbKvix GBPAvBwf cwRwUf ivMxi msLv 30-40 nvRvi gb Kij 2010 mvj G msLv ùvove 99645-132868 Rb|

eveZvi wbixL GB wnmvewUK AZ dzjvbv dvcvbv ej gb nQ| G welq mvi K_v nj h, evsjv`k GBWm msv wevbmZ Kvb cwimsLvb bB| GgbwK we`k cZvMZì ga KZRb GBPAvBwf cwRwUf Aevq `k wdiQ Zv hvPvB I Rwici Kvb eev wbZ `ki ^v wefvM e_ nqQ| evcK GBPAvBwf wwbs Qvov G aibi Z_fvvi Zwi me bq|

AvRvwZK msvI `vZv Mvx cwiPvwjZ GK Rixc `Lv hvq h- wmwii gvag wkivq gv`K MnYKvixì kZKiv 71 fvMB GK Abi m Zvì wmwi fvMvfvwM Ki| Rwic GBPAvBwf msgY QvovI `ki Aj f` wkivq gv`K MnYKvixì ga kZKiv 9 `kwgK 4 _K 19 `kwgK 4 fvM, fvmgvb hbKgxì ga kZKiv 12 `kwgK 1 fvM _K 29 `kwgK 8 fvM, cwZZvjq AevbKvix hbKgxì ga kZKiv 17 `kwgK 4 _K 40 `kwgK 1 fvM, cyil hbKgxì ga kZKiv 14 `kwgK 2 fvM, UvKPvjK I njcviì ga kZKiv 7 fvM bvbv iKg hbivM Avv nqQ ej Dj-L Kiv nq| SuywKc~Y AvPiYKvix RbMvxi ga wmwdwjmi gZv hbivMi DPnvi GBPAvBwf msgYK e Y evwoq w`qQ|

AvimwK& cwiPvwjZ GK Rixc `Lv hvq h, `ki kxl wPwKrmv cwZvbjvi ewnwefvM wPwKrmv mev MnYKvix hbivMxì ga kxl iqQ wivPvjK, UvK WvBfvi, njcvi, Qv I cywjk I wewfb wbivcv Kgxiv|

GBWm SuywKi evcvi `ki wewfb KjR-wekwe`vjqi AvevwmK Qvì mK mekl Rwic AvkvRbK Z_ cvIqv MQ| Rwic Zvì ga GLbI Kvb GBPAvBwf cwRwUf cvIqv hvqwb| Ze `Lv MQ, `ki K`xq Aj (XvKv) KjR-wekwe`vjqi kZKiv 18 `kwgK 2 fvM AvevwmK Qv bvix hbKgxi wbKU Ges 2 `kwgK 7 fvM wnRov hbKgxi KvQ wMqwQj| Gì ga kZKiv 64 `kwgK 7 fvMB KbWg eenvi Kiwb| GB AvevwmK Qvì ga `kwgK 4 kZvsk wmwii gvag wkivq gv`K MnY Ki|

Ghver GKvwaK Rwic SuywKc~Y hbKg Af AwaKvsk weevwnZ cyil RvwbqQ, Zviv gwnjv hbKgx, wnRov A_ev Ab cyili m KbWg Qvov wgjb Af Ges Gì KD KD BbRKkbi gvag wkivq gv`K MnYI Af| Zvì cvq mevB Zvì xì m KbWg Qvov wgwjZ nq| ^vgxì GB SzuwKc~Y AvPiYi KviY xì `yB-ZZxqvsk GBPAvBwf, ncvUvBwUm Ges Avbvb hbevwnZ ivM Avv nIqvi SzuwKi ga iqQ| Gì AbvMZ mvbivI NvZK ivM Avv nZ cvi|

AvRvwZK msv, `vZvMvx I `ki wKQz GbwRI cwiPvwjZ I cwimsLvbwU mevZfve mZ bq Ges wekl AZ gvZK|

52 53

RvwZmsNi GBWm welqK ms v BDGbGBWm-Gi Z_ Abymvi Kej 2002 mbB mviv wek 50 jvL jvK GBWm ivM Avv nqQ Ges 31 jvL gviv MQ| GB msvi gZ, m~Y Z_ bv _vKjI evsjv`k GBPAvBwf cwRwUfi msLv 30 _K 40 nvRvi| wVK GKB aibi Z_ w`qQ evsjv`k KgiZ GKwU we`kx `vZv ms v| Zvì GK cwZe`b Abyhvqx, eZgvb ek KqK nvRvi evsjv`kx GBPAvBwf RxevYy enb KiQ| AvimwK&i MelYvq `Lv hvQ h we`k KgiZ cyilì mv_ GBWm Avv GjvKvi mvaviY gvbylmn hbKgxì wgjbi KviY, we`k cZvMZì ga GBWm SuzwK mePq ewk| ZvB we`k cZvMZ cZKi GBPAvBwf wwbs evaZvg~jKfve Kiv cqvRb| cv Z_ Abyhvqx cwZ eQi G`k _K cvPvi nq hvIqv bvixi msLv cvq `yB jvL Ges ea Dcvq MncwiPvwiKvmn SuzwKc~Y ckvq we`kMvgx bvixi msLvI Kg bq| Gì mevi GBPAvBwf wwbs Kiv cqvRb| GQvov `ki mKj hbKgxi wbebmn Zvì wbqwgZ GBPAvBwf wwbs Kiv cqvRb| AvimwK& cwiPvwjZ ckvwfwK GK cwimsLvb `Lv hvq h, evsjv`k kZKiv 46 fvM wivPvjK, evm I UvK WvBfviiv ckv`vi hbKgxì mv_ wgwjZ nq _vK| ZvB wiv, UvK, evmi mKj PvjKi jvBm bevqbi mv_ wbqwgZ GBPAvBwf wwbs Kiv cqvRb| Kbbv, welqwU ay Zvì ewMZ wbivcvi evcvi bq, Gi m wewfb kYx I ckvi gvbyl Ges Zvì cwievi cwiRbi wbivcvi welqwU RwoZ| RvwZmsN kvwiv wgkbi KvR kl h mg mbv I cywjk m`m `k wdiQ ZvìI GBPAvBwf cixv Kiv cqvRb| wekl Ki AvwdKvi `kjvZ hviv KgiZ AvQ Zvì Avv nIqvi mvebv mevwaK| wKQyw`b AvM mbvevwnbxi GK mwgbvi wZbRb GBPAvBwf cwRwUf mbvm`mK wPwZ Kivi welqwU ^xKvi Kiv nq| GKviY wbqwgZ evwnbxi mbv, Avbmvi, wewWAvi I cywjk m`mì wbqwgZ GBPAvBwf wwbs evaZvg~jK nIqv cqvRb| GQvov wewfb Kvivew`ì ga GBPAvBwfmn wewfb hbivMi cixv-wbixv I wPwKrmv Kiv Rb^v_B cqvRb| wegvbc_ cwZw`b hme we`kx ev evsjv`kx bvMwiK `k cek KiQ Zvì KD GBWm ivMi RxevYy enb Ki AvbQ wK bv Zv cixvi Kvb eev GLb evsjv`ki Kvb wegvbeìB bB| 1987 mb XvKv wegvbeì we`k _K Avmv hvxì nj_ PwKs KvDUviwU e nq hvq| fviZi GBWmcxwoZ gNvjq ivRi mxgv Nulv evsjv`kx Pv wki cvq Qq jvL kwgK RbMvxi gvSI mnRB GBWm msgYi Avkv `Lv w`qQ| wmjU Aji Pv evMvbjvmn mxgv GjvKvi KvQvKvwQ hviv evm Ki Zvì GBPAvBwf wwbs Kiv ìKvi| Giv SuywKc~Y cwiek emevm KiQ|

GBPAvBwf Avvi ga AwaKvskB (cvq 45 fvM) gacvP I BDivci `kjv _K cZvMZ| gawe I DPweì ga GBWm msgYi cavb KviY nj fviZi wewfb eo kni hgb KjKvZv, gy^vB Ges _vBjvi evsKKi ckv`vi hbKgxì mv_ gjvgkv| GivB `ki ga cavbZ AwbqwgZ hbKgx, fvmgvb hbmx I Mnea~ì ga GBWm QovQ| evsjv`k cevmx kwgKì msLv ewi dj ^vgx wewQb Mnea~ì ga eMvwgZv ev Aea mK ew cvIqvi mv_ mv_ GKw`K hgb mvaviY hbivMjv QovQ, Zgwb GBPAvBwf msgYi SuywKI evoQ| Gaibi ki Mnea~ì ga hviv gqwj ivM f~MQ Zvì 38 fvMB hbevwnZ ivM Avv Ges 33 fvM weevn ewnf~Z hbmK wj| (AvimwK& MelYv) Dj-L Kiv cqvRb h, evsjv`ki AweevwnZ wKkvi-wKkvix I ZiY-ZiYxì ga (13-23 eqmmxgvi) 40 fvMB hb-mwq Ges Gì weevn ewnf~Z GK ev GKvwaKevi hbgjvgkvi AwfZv iqQ|

Ze AwaKvski ga mKi aiYwU nUivmyqvj| Gì ga mgKvgxì msLv AwZ bMb njI BbRKkbi gvag bkvMnYKvixì msLv ewi dj GBPAvBwf msgYi mvebv ew cvQ| mvcwZK mgq cvvZ wek wKkvi-wKkvix I ZiY-ZiYxì ga cvqyc_ hbwgjbi nvi ew cjI evsjv`k G ceYZvwU GLbI Dj-LhvM nvi evowb|

KzgvixZi aviYvwU hvwbc_ gjvgkvi mv_ mwKZ Kievi KviY Ges bkvèi mv_ ewi mKi weeZbi KviYB cvqyc_ wgjbi nviwU cvvZ Zzjbvg~jKfve ewk| agxq g~jeva, mvswZK wewfbZvi KviY fviZmn `wY Gwkqvi Abvb `k cvqyc_ wgjb Af cyili msLv evsjv`ki Pq ewk|

G aibi ewiv Zvì xmn wewfb KvRyqvj hbmx I hbKgxì mv_ gjvgkvi gvag GBPAvBwf fvBivm msgYi SuywK evovQ| 3.2.1. evsjv`ki Avv bvixì msLv wbYq mgmvUv Kv_vq?

mvgvwRK KviY bvixiv Avovj _vKvq Ges cyilZvwK mgvR bvixiv mivmwi K_v bv ejvq ivMi wevi msv Z_jv mwVKfve Rvbv hvQ bv| hwÌ Abvb `ki gZ evsjv`kI dvwgwj c-vwbs wKwbK, cvwievwiK wPwKrmv K`, wUKv`vb Kgm~wP BZvwì gvag bvixi m ^vKgxì hvMvhvM nQ, ZeyI GUv GBWmi Dcw wZ wbYq Lye KvhKi cwZ ej weewPZ nQ bv| hbivMi wPwKrmvi welqwU G mg wKwbK I mvwfmi AMZ nj Ges

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fvjbviej Mci Rb GBPAvBwf wwbs evaZvg~jK Kiv nj mgmvi wKQyUv mgvavb ne| evsjv`ki cvcU bvixì ga GBWm welqK mPZbZvi AviKwU cwZeKZv nj mgvR Zvì Ae`wgZ vb Ges Zvì Ici mvgvwRKfve AvivwcZ BgR| GKRb MwnYx wbtmsKvP Zvi hbivM cKvk wKsev ivM msv AvjvPbvq AskMnY wavw^Z _vK| Kbbv bvix `ni AbK ivMKB Zvi e_Zv I wU ej MY Kiv nq| GQvov `wi` cwievii bvixiv AmyL wemyLi K_v cKvk Ki cwievii KZvi Avw_K evSv evovZ AwbQyK _vK| Zvi Ici hbivMi welqwU mKj kvixwiK mgmvi ga AcvKZ MY welq wnmve weewPZ nq| GQvov kKvZiZvi KviY welqwU AcKvwkZ _vK cwievi cwiRb I wPwKrmKi wbKU| GBPAvBwf Avv AbK bvixB Zvì hbmxì ga ivMi msgYi evcvi gvivZK DrKvq fvMb| AbK wbRì kvixwiK Aev Zvì mxK Rvbvb, Avevi AbK Zv Mvcb Kib| KD KD hbmshvM GKeviB cwinvi Kib| Avevi KD KD ^vfvweK hbRxeb hvcb Kib| Ze ^vfvweK KviY mevB MfaviYK Gwoq PjZ Pvb| G cvcU ivM cwZivai Dk GBPAvBwf cRwUf ewì wbivc` hbRxeb msv wkv`vb Kgm~wP cwiPvjbv Kiv cqvRb| mvgwMKfve hbivMi msgY _K euvPevi Rb bvixK ay wbRì `wfx, cvi`kxZv Ges AvPiYi Ici wbfi KijB ne bv, mB mv_ Zvì hb mxìK KbWg eenvi ivwR Kivbvi evcvi Rvi w`Z ne| ZvK Zvi Ae vb, mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ I cyil kwi `vcUi wei joZ ne| 3.3.1 evsjv`ki fvmgvb hbKgxì Aev: XvKv AvjvwR AvRgv G GbfvqibgUvj wimvP BbwwUDU (Avim&wK) 2002-2003 mb cwiPvwjZ GK MelYvq Dj-L Ki h, XvKv knii fvmgvb hbKgxì ga cvq kZKiv 89 fvM mvaviY hbivMjv mK gvUvgywU mPZb| 95 fvM hbKgx GBWm ivMwUi bvg bQ| Ze G ivMi msgY I fqvenZv mK Zvì aviYvjv Am~Y, KzmsvivQb I fyj-vwZ fiv| GB hbKgxì AbK gb Ki GBWm ivMwU wmwdwjm, Mbvwiqv, K vgvBwWqvi gZ GKwU mvaviY hbevwnZ ivM| Zviv GUvI gb Ki h, G ivMi wPwKrmv AvQ Ges BbRKkb wbj ivMwU mi hvq| MelYvq Dj-L Kiv nq h, kZKiv 17 fvM hbKgx gb Ki GBWm GKwU mvaviY QuvqvP ivM| 5 fvM hbKgx GBWmi bvgB kvbwb Ges 21% hbKgx G ivMi fqvenZv mK GKevi A|

Zviv gb Ki, Abi Kvco-Pvco civ, Abi eeZ e-W eenvi, Acwivi-AcwiQb _vKv, GuUv Lvevi LvIqv, GuUv M-vm c-U cvbvnvi Kiv _K GBWm mswgZ nZ cvi| hbKgxì AbK gb Ki, GBWm Avvi wbKU msk Gm A_ev Zvì mv_ q _K wKsev kvixwiK msk _K GBWm mswgZ nq _vK| KD KD GUvK evZvm evwnZ ivMi gZ QuvqvP gb Ki| hb AbvPvi, Awbqg _K i Ki eeZ KbWgi msk, GgbwK KbWg cvq gvovbv _KI GBWm Qwoq co Ggb aviYv AbKB cvlY Ki| GB MelYvq cZxqgvb nq h, msLvMwi hbKgxiv cjwfK BbdvgUwi wWwRR, fvRvBbvj KvwwWqvwmm mn bvbvwea hbevwnZ ivM fyMQ| hbivMjvi ga fvRvBbvj UvBKvgvwbqvwmm, Mbvwiqv I bb-wmwdK fvRvBbvBwUm ivM Avvi msLv mePq ewk| Gici wmwdwjm, RwbUvj Avjmvi (nvicm fvRvBbvBwUm ev GBPGmwf-2), Rwm ev ncvUvBwUm-we I KvgvBwWqv ivMi Aevb| K vgvBwWqv I UvBKvgvwbqvwmmK AwaKvsk hbKgx mvaviY mv`v mve ej gb Ki| hviv fvRvBbvwUm fyMQ Zvì cvq kZfvMB cv_RwbK BKvjvB KZK mswgZ| Gì 90% Gi ga B ev QvKi msgY iqQ| GB MelYv cwZe`b _K AviI Rvbv hvq, kZKiv 23 fvM hbKgx KLbB wPwKrmKi KvQ hvqwb Ges 46% KLbI GBPAvBwf U Kiwb| GQvov 38% hbKgx gvUv`vM Amy AevZB KvR Ki PjQ| evsjv`k fvmgvb hbKgxì ga `wbK MvnKi msLv DP chvq iqQ ej Avim&wK cwiPvwjZ MelYvq Dj-L Kiv nqQ| GKRb hbKgx `wbK 7 _K mevP 40 Rbi mv_ wgwjZ nq| GB cwimsLvb GK K_vq fqven| fvmgvb hbKgxì Liì ewkifvMB wivIqvjv kYxi jvK| KjR-wekwe`vjqi Aeqmx QvivI Avm evcK msLvq| wewfb evmvevwo I Awdmi bkcnixivI Zvì eo MvnK| GQvov cywjk Zv AvQB| j UvwgbvjjvZ AevbiZ hbKgxì cavb MvnK j-wgvii kwgK-PvjKiv| gvS gvS wKQy hvxI Zvì KvQ Avm| evm UvwgbvjjvZI GKB wP| mLvb hbKgxì cavb MvnK cwienY kwgKiv| evm, UvKi njcvi I WvBfviì ga kZKiv 80 fvMB fvmgvb hbKgxmn vqx hbcj-xjvZ wbqwgZ hvZvqvZ Ki| Avim&wKi MelYv _K AviI Rvbv hvq, Lii Avcwi KviY fvmgvb hbKgxiv cvqB KbWg eenvi KiZ cvi bv| Ges Zvì hbmxì KbWg eenvi ivwR KivZ cvi bv| kZKiv 20 fvM hbKgx klevi wgjbi mgq KbWg eenvi Kiwb| GQvov 10% hbKgx KLbB KbWg eenvi Ki bv|

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hbKgxì AbK c_g w`K KbWg eenvi KiZ bv| cieZxZ hbivM msgYi welqwU RvbZ ci KbWg eenvi i KiQ| KD KD Avevi Liì m KbWg eenvi KijI ^vgx ev vqx mxi mv_ gjvgkvi Kvb myiv wbQ bv| kZKiv 68 fvM hbKgx Rvbvq, KbWg eenvi Liiv Avcw KiQ| G AvcwKvixì ga QvivB cavb| Liì KD KD KbWg Qvov gjvgkv Kivi Rb ewk A_ `qvi c ve `q| wivIqvjv, evm UvKi WvBfvi-njcvi Ges _vbv, duvwo I ijIq cywjkì ga kZKiv 80 fvMB hbwgjbi KbWg eenvi KiZ Pvq bv| GB MelYvq bZzb h welqwU Rvbv hvq Zv nj, 4% hbKgx wdgj KbWg eenvi Ki| Ze `vg ewk ej KD KD GKwU wdgj KbWg wZb-Pvi evi Ki eenvi Ki| wdgj KbWg eenvi hbv e_v nq ej Zviv Gjv eenvi Drmvnx nQ bv| GB MelYvq Kvb hbKgxi `n GBPAvBwfi Aw Z LyuR cvIqv bv MjI mcwZ `yRb hbKgx GBWm Avv nq gviv MQ ej Rvbv hvq| 2002-2003 mb AvimwK& cwiPvwjZ gvV cvhq MelYv `Lv hvq h, fvmgvb hbKgxì ga gv 9.84 fvM KbWg eenvi Ki bv| hviv KbWg eenvi Ki Zvì ga kZKiv 76.52 fvM wbqwgZ KbWg eenvi Ki Ges kZKiv 13.64 fvM Lii Avcwi KviY gvS gvS KbWg eenvi Ki bv| `wbK eeZ KbWgi msLv- 50.76 fvM fvmgvb hbKgx `wbK 2 _K 6wU KbWg eenvi Ki| `wbK 7-10wU KbWg eenvi Ki 21.21% hbKgx, 11-20wU KbWg eenvi Ki 8.33%, 20-30wU eenvi Ki 6.07%| gv 1.51% hbKgx w`b 1wU Ki KbWg eenvi Ki| w`b 30wUi ewk KbWg jvM 0.76% hbKgxi| GQvov 3.79% hbKgx KZwU KbWg jvM Zv wbw ` Ki ejZ cviwb| GLvb weklfve Dj-L h, fvmgvb hbKgxiv KbWg eenvi KijI Zvì ga 4% hbKgx wdgj KbWgI eenvi Ki| Gì ga KD KD GKwU wdgj KbWg 3/4 evi Ki eenvi Ki| wdgj KbWg eenvi Kij hbv e_v cvq ej KD KD cieZxZ Avi Zv eenvi Kiwb| kl evi wgjbi mgq KbWg eenvi klevi wgjbi mgq KbWg eenvi KiQ 80.30 fvM, eenvi Kiwb 18.94%| KbWg eenvi Liì gbvfve:- KbWg eenvi Liiv Avcw Ki Ggb Z_ w`qQ 14.39% hbKgx; 9.09% hbKgx ejQ h G evcvi Liì Avcw bB| KD KD Avcw Ki ejQ 68.18% Aewk 8.34% hbKgx ^Qvq KbWg eenvi weiZ _vK ej ^xKvi KiQ|

Aavq Pvi

GBWmi jY

4.1.1. GBPAvBwf msgYi wewfb i :

GBPAvBwf AvgYi ci ivMi i _K cwiYwZ ch mgqKvjK KqKwU fvM fvM Kiv hvq|

c_g i nj, AbmU (Onset) ev ivMi i chvq, wZxq iwU nj, ivMi jYwenxb Aev, ZZxq iwU nj, `xNgqv`x wewea jYi cKvk Ges PZz_ ev kl i nj iZi AmyLi Aev|

fvBivm kixi cek Kivi ci `yB _K AvU mvn mgq jM hvq kixi GwUewW Zwi nZ| GwUewW Zwi nevi cwqvwUK mivKbfvikb ej| GB GwUewW Zwi nevi AvM ch i GBPAvBwf mivbMwUf _vK| GwUewW Zwi nevi ciB i mivcwRwUf nq| G cwqvq mvaviYZ `yB _K AvU mvn mgq jvM| wekl GwUewW Zwii welqwU Qq gvm chI `wi nZ cvi|

msgYi mgq _K mivKbfvikb ch mgqK GwUewW Zwii DBv wcwiqW (window period) ejv nq| mvaviYZ msgYi `yB gvm ciB GBPAvBwf GwUewW Zwi nq Ges cvq mevi B Qq gvmi ga GwUewW Zwi nq hvq| Ze GKfvM Qq gvmi ewk mgq cqvRb nq GwUewW Zwi nZ| 0.01 fvM GBPAvBwf Avv ewi `yB _K wZb eQi ciI mivKbfvikb nZ cvi|

GBPAvBwf fvBivm BwgDb eevi wekl vbmn BwgDb Kvl Ges mB mv_ wgDKvm AveiY I vqyZi wekl Kvli mv_ mshy nq Gi bxie AMhvv Pvjy ivLZ cvi|

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Gme KviY `yNUbvRwbZ GBPAvBwf msgYi `yB mvn _K Qq gvm ch mgq evi evi i cixv KiZ nq| wekl Zv `yB _K wZb eQi ciI Kiv cqvRb|

GBPAvBwf GwUewW Zwi nevi ciB cixv wbixvq ivMi DcwwZ aiv co| Ze fvBivmwU kixii ga bxieI AbKw`b _vKZ cvi| G KviY GBPAvBwf bMwUf nIqv gvbB GB bq h, GKRb fvBivm viv Avv nqwb|

wek ^v msv (WHO) GBWmi msv wbaviY KiZ hq Gi criteria -K `yfvM fvM KiQ|

cavb jY ev major criteria:

IRb nvm (kvixwiK IRbi cvq `k kZvsk), wbK Wvqwiqv (GKgvmi AwaK mgq vqx), `xN vqx Ri (GKgvmi AwaK mgq ai)|

MY jY ev minor criteria: fvj nQ bv Ggb Kvwk (GKgvmi AwaK mgq ai), mvaviYfve mg kixigq ZKi c`vn ev civBwUK WvgvUvBwUm, iKviU ev GKvwaKevi nvicm Rvvii msgY, Lv`bvjx I kvmbvjxZ QvKi msgY, kixii wewfb A-cZ Qwoq cov `xNgqv`x nvicm fvBivmi msgY, mg kixievcx jwmKvMw jv dzj hvIqv|

cixv-wbixvi AvM ivMxi jYjv g~jvqb Ki cvq 74 fvM GBPAvBwf Avv ivMx kbv Kiv me| cvq 90 fvM wKwbKvj Km Wwdwbkb ev ivMxì ivM kbvKiYi welqwU weZKi Ea _vK| Dj-L Kiv cqvRb h, Kvdvwmm mviKvgv, BmvdvRvBj KvwwWqvwmm, wvKvwmm I w -gwWwRRi mv_ hv ivMK ga AvwdKvq GBWm mswk- ivM wnmve kbv Kiv nq|

wek ^v msvi Criteria cqvM Ki AvwdKvi hv nvmcvZvjjvi ivMxì ga cvq 58 fvM GBPAvBwf msgY kbv Kiv hvq| AvwdKvbì ga Qwoq cov Kvdvwmm mviKvgv Ges wvKvj gwbbRvBwUmK GBWm ivMi AbZg jY wnmve weePbv Kiv nq| GBPAvBwf Avv

AvwdKvbì cvq 50 fvMB Kvb bv Kvb mgq hbivM Avv nqQ| GB Aj hbv Nv GBPAvBwf msgYi GKwU AbZg Kv-dvi|

mvgwMKfve AvwdKv gnv`k hbKgxì ga GBWm msgYi hjvK wi dvi ev AbZg cavb SuywK wnmve weePbv Kiv nq Zv nj wmwdwjm, Mbvwiqv, kvsqW, hbv Nv, KvgvBwWqv, UvBKvgvwbqvwmmi KviY mvwf Nv ev mvifvBKvj BbdKkb Ges Iivj KUvmcwUf eenvi|

4.2.1. gvUv`vM GBWmi jYjv Kx Kx? GBWm ivM Avv nj ivMxi kixi h jYjv `Lv hvq Zv nj:

GK gvmi ewk vqx Ri, Kvwk, yèjZv, Mvq e_v I jvj jvj PvKv ei nIqv, gv_v e_v, jwmKv Mw dzj hvIqv, wMivq wMivq e_v, kixii IRb 10 fvMi AwaK nvm cvIqv, GKgvmi AwaK vqx cvZjv cvqLvbv, GKvwaKevi nvicm Rvvi (Herpes zoster)-Gi msgY, `xN mgq gyL I Mjvq QvK msgY BZvw`|

4.2.2. GBPAvBwf Avv ewi kixi cv_wgK jY : GBPAvBwf fvBivm kixi ceki ci h cv_wgK jYjv `Lv `q Zv nj Ri, yèjZv, ckxi yèjZv, gv_v e_v, gw i c`vn, PvL Ges PvLi Pvicvk e_v, AwZwi AvjvK mse`bkxjZv, Mjv em hvIqv, Mjv e_v, Mvq jvj jvj `vM, jwmKvMw jv dyj hvIqv BZvw`|

AbK ivMi iUv nq mvaviY dzi gZ| KLbI KLbI G jYjvi mv_ BbdKkvm gbvwbDwKqvwmm (infectious mononucleosis)-Gi jY wgj hvq| Kbbv gbvwbDwKqvwmm ivMI Ri, M- v dzj hvIqv BZvw` NU| gbvwbDwKqvwmm NU GcBb evi fvBivm viv| Avi GB fvBivmwU KLbI KLbI GBPAvBwfi DxcK wnmve KvR Ki, Avevi KLbI GBWm AvvìK ewk Ki AvgY Ki| AwaKvsk B Avv nevi ci wewfb M-vjv dzj hvq Ges KqK mvni ga ivMx my nq IV| Gici `xN mgq AbKiB Kvb ivMi jY _vK bv|

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4.2.3. KbwwUDkbvj jY (constitutional symptoms): GBPAvBwf msgYi cv_wgK jYjvK KbwwUDkbvj jY ej| Gi ga Ri, jwmKvMw dzj hvIqv, `yejZv BZvw` Dj-LhvM| mB mv_ wU-njcvi Kvli msLv cuvPki wbP bg Avm| mivKbfvikb chvqwU AwZv nq Mj Gme kvixwiK mgmvjv Avevi ^vfvweK nq Avm| Gici cuvP _K `k eQi Lye A wKQy jY kixii ga `Lv `q| 4.3.1 GBWm ivMwU `Lv `qvi cvvj jY I DcmMjv Kgb nq _vK? Rb ncwK wekwe`vjqi MelYv djvdj gZ, GBPAvBwf msgYi KviY hLb GBWm ivMwU `Lv `q ZLb ivMx hmg jY I DcmM wbq nvwRi nq Zv nj dzj hvIqv jwmKvMw, mB mv_ i `yki wbP wU-njcvi Kvl, Gi mv_ _vK Ri, Wvqwiqv, IRb nvm BZvw` DcmM| GB kvixwiK DcmMjv GBPAvBwf msgYi cv_wgK AevZI GKevi `Lv w`q _vK| Ze ivMxi kvixwiK Aevi AebwZi ci hLb G mgmvjv cybivq `Lv `q ZLb Gi ga KqK eQi AwZv nq hvq| GB wZxq chvqi bZzb Ki `Lv `qv DcmMjvi mv_ Avi h mg mgmv `Lv `q Zv nj dzmdzm bvbv Amyweav| dzmdzmi Amyweavjvi ga wbDgvwmmwUm Kvwiwb wbDgvwbqv ev wcwmwcB c_g `Lv `q| wbDgvwmmwUm Kvwiwb GKRvZxq QvK| Gmgq Abvb QvKi msgYI NU _vK| GZ wbDgvwbqv Qvov MjvZI QvKi msgY `Lv `q| evwiqvRwbZ bvbv msgY, hv, hbevwnZ ivMmn vqy msv bvbv mgmvI `Lv `q Gmgq| GBWmi KviY gvBKvevwiqvg Gwfqvg Kgc-mn gvBKvevwiqvg wUDeviwKDjvwmmiI msgY NU| GZ ivMxi hv ivM `Lv `q| nuvwP, Kvwki gvag WcjU BbdKkbi KviY hv ivMxi kixi _K RxevYy Avv ewi kixi cek KiZ cvi| GQvov c~e _KB kixii fZi my Aevq _vKv hvi RxevYy Gmgq KvhKi nq DVZ cvi| ivM cwZiva eevi wechq NUvq GUv Kej dzmdzmKB AvgY Ki bv, mB mv_ kixii cvq mKj eevKB AvgY Ki| GBWm ivMxiv hLb hvZ Avv nq ZLb Zv kbv Kiv I wPwKrmv Kiv nq AZ KwVb| c~e ivM cwZiva gZv asmi KviY wewfb ivMi msgYKB GBWmi AbZg ewk wnmve weePbv Kiv nZ| G fveB wPwKrmKiv ivM kbv KiZb| eZgvb BwgDb cwZiva eevi Aevb Ges wU-njcvi Kvli msLvi Ici wfw KiB GBWmK kbv Kiv nq|

AbK GBPAvBwf msgYi ci cvq cbiv eQi ch ek myfve euP _vK| Gici GK mgq nVvr KiB GBWmi jY `Lv `q| Gici nqZv

eQi `yqK euP _vK| Avevi AbKi ga GBWmi jY AvM `Lv `q Ges ivM wbq Giv cvq `k eQi euP _vK| GBWm mswk- Kvb AmyLjv ivMxK AvgY KiQ Zvi IciB ivMxi Avqy wbfi Ki| hgb, hv`i ga Kvdvwmm mviKvgv `Lv `q, Zviv wcwmwc Mci Pq ewk euvP| Ze

Basic Questions about Aids

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