Basic Needs Theory...

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Virginia HendersonsBasic Needs Theory

A nurse, researcher, theorist, and an author

By: John Kervy A. Vergara


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Name: Virginia Avenel Henderson

A.K.A.: First Lady of Nursing, First

Truly International Nurse, Nightingale of

Modern NursingBorn: November 30, 1897, in Kansas City,

Missouri

Died: March 19, 1996 at age 98 at theConnecticut Hospice, Branford. CT

Father: Atty. Daniel B. Henderson

Mother: Lucy Minor (Abbot) Henderson


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Education:

Early education at home in Virginia withher aunts, her sister and an uncle,Charles Abbot, at his school for boys inthe community Army School of Nursing,Washington, D.C. (1921)

In 1929, she entered at TeachersCollege, Columbia University for her

(Bachelor of Science degree completedin 1932 while Masters of Science degreein 1934).


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Career in Nursing:

Henry Street Visiting Nurse Association, NewYork, New York (1921)

Norfolk Protestant Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia asan Instructor and Educational Director (1923-1929)

Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New Yorkas a Supervisor and Clinical Instructor at theOutpatient Department (1930)

After her Masters Degree, (1934)TeachersCollege, Columbia University, New York as anInstructor and Associate Professor (1934-1948)

Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven,Connecticut as a Research Associate (1953-1971) and as a Research Associate Emeritus(1971-1996)


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Theory Background

She called her definition of nursing her concept(Henderson1991)

She emphasized the importance of increasing thepatients independence so that progress afterhospitalization would not be delayed (Henderson,1991)

"assisting individuals to gain independence in relation tothe performance of activities contributing to health or itsrecovery" (Henderson, 1966).

She categorized nursing activities into 14 components,based on human needs.

She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing

for the person), supplementary (helping the person),complementary (working with the person), with thegoal of helping the person become as independent aspossible.


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MAJOR CONCEPTS

HENDERSON'S PHILOSOPHY USING THE FOUR

METAPARADIGMS:


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1. Individual

Have basic needs that are component of health.

Requiring assistance to achieve health and independence or apeaceful death.

Mind and body are inseparable and interrelated.

Considers the biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritualcomponents.

The theory presents the patient as a sum of parts withbiopsychosocial needs.

2. Environment

Settings in which an individual learns unique pattern for living.

All external conditions and influences that affect life and

development. Individuals in relation to families

Minimally discusses the impact of the community on the individualand family.

Basic nursing care involves providing conditions under which the

patient can perform the 14 activities unaided


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3. Health

Definition based on individuals ability to function independently as outlinedin the 14 components.

Nurses need to stress promotion of health and prevention and cure ofdisease.

Good health is a challenge -affected by age, cultural background, physical,and intellectual capacities, and emotional balance Is the individuals abilityto meet these needs independently.

4. Nursing Temporarily assisting an individual who lacks the necessary strength, will

and knowledge to satisfy 1 or more of 14 basic needs.

Assists and supports the individual in life activities and the attainment ofindependence.

Nurse serves to make patient complete whole", or "independent."

The nurse is expected to carry out physicians therapeutic planIndividualized care is the result of the nurses creativity in planning for care.

Nurse should have knowledge to practice individualized and human careand should be a scientific problem solver.

In the Nature of Nursing Nurse role is, to get inside the patients skin andsupplement his strength will or knowledge according to his needs.


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The 14

Fundamentals

or Basic Needs

of Man


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Comparison with Maslow's Hierarchy of Need

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Hendersons Basic Needs Theory

Physiological Needs

Safety Needs

Belongingness and Love Needs

Esteem Needs

Breathe normally, Eat and drink

adequately Eliminate by all

avenues of elimination Move and

maintain desirable posture Sleep

and rest Select suitable clothing

Maintain body temperature Keep

body clean and well groomed and

protect the integument

Avoid environmental dangers and

avoid injuring other

Communicate with othersworship according to one's faith

Work at something providing a

sense of accomplishment

Play or participate in various forms

of recreationLearn, discover, or satisfy curiosity


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References:

Virginia Henderson International Nursinglibrary.

Henderson, V., The Nature of Nursing(1966),New York: Macmillan Publishing, page 15.

Blais et al. (2002). Professional nursingpractice: Concepts and Perspectives (4th ed.).

D Antonio et al. (2007). Nurses work: Issueacross time and place. New York: Springer

Publishing. http://www.fotosearch.com

George, J.B (1995). Nursing Theories: thebase for professional nursing practice (4th

ed).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishinghttp://www.fotosearch.com/http://www.fotosearch.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishing


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