BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) Dr. Ahmad Aqel The University of Jordan
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT(BLS)
Dr. Ahmad Aqel
The University of Jordan
• Cardiac arrest (CA) occurs when the heart ceases to produce an effective pulse and circulate blood
• It includes four conditions:
1. Ventricular fibrillation
2. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
3. Pulseless electrical activity.
4. Asystole
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
AGONAL GASPS▪ May happen in the first minutes after cardiac arrest▪ Not breathing or only gasping
The characteristics of the victim with cardiac arrest ▪ Unresponsive ▪ NO breathing activity or abnormal breathing (gasping)▪ Absent carotid pulse
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Consists of important skills
C: chest compressions A: Opening the airway
B: Providing ventilation D: Defibrillation.
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1) Verify scene safety
2) Assess responsiveness:
– Tapping on the victim shoulders
– Victim is unresponsive: shout for help, activate EMS by calling 911 (get AED)
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3) Look for no breathing or gasping and check for carotid pulse in adult victim (simultaneously) within 10 s
▪ If normal breathing and have a pulse: ▪ monitor until emergency responders arrive
▪ If no breathing but has a pulse: ▪ provide rescue breathing (I breath every 5-6
seconds about 10-12 breaths/m)▪ Activate EMS if not done after 2 minutes▪ Continue rescue breathing: check pulse every 2 min
If possible opioid over dose, administer naloxone if available
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
IF NO PULSE:
▪ Begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
▪ Place the heel of your hand on the center of the person's chest.
▪ Place the heel of your other hand on top of your first hand.
▪ Keep arms straight and your shoulders directly over your hands.
▪ Push hard and fast, compressing chest at least 2 inches.
▪ Let chest rise completely before pushing down again.
▪ Compress at least 100-120 times /m
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
Open the airway first: 1- head tilt chin lift
a) place one hand on the patient’s forehead and push with your palm to tilt the head.
b) Place the finger of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin
c) Lift the jaw to bring the chin forward
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
2. Jaw thrust دفع الفك للامام)a) Place one hand on each side of
the victim’s headb) Place your fingers under the
angles of the victim’s lower jaw and lift with both hands, displacing the jaw forward
c) If the lips close, push the lower lip with your thumb to open the lips.
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
PROVIDE 2 RESCUE BREATHS▪ Remember open the airway
first before providing rescue breathing
▪ Use pocket mask to deliver rescue breaths if available, or Use mouth to mouth breathing
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
▪ Open airway, connect the bag to oxygen ▪ Hold Mask to face and tight seal, ▪ Use E-C technique and squeeze the bag ▪ Each breath over 1 sec, observe chest rise
▪ Switching Rolls: every 5 cycles switch roll, taking less than 5 seconds to switch
Avoid hyperventilation▪ Giving breaths too quickly or with too
much force lead to gastric inflation may lead to vomiting, aspiration or pneumonia
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1) Turn on the AED. It will give you step-by-step instructions.
▪ Wipe chest dry.
2) Attach the pads.
▪ Make sure no one is touching the person. Say "Clear" so that people know to stay back and not touch the person.
3) Push the "Analyze" button if necessary.
▪ If a shock is advised,
4) push the "Shock" button.
5) Resume compressions and follow AED prompts.
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
1. Scene safety2. Check responsiveness (Foot tap)3. 2 minutes of CPR, then call 911.
• Two- finger chest compression • Depth is at least 1/3 AP diameter of the chest. This is about
1 ½ inches• Compression rate: 100/m
4. Check airway (Sniffing position)5. Give 2 rescue breaths, Ensure chest rise with each breath,
Allow chest to recoil completely 6. Continue 30 compression and 2 rescue breaths
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Dr. Ahmad Aqel
Two thumb-encircling hands techniqueChest compression
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Adult Child Infant
Scene safety ▪ Make sure the environment is safe for rescuer and victim
Recognition of cardiac arrest
▪ Check for responsiveness▪ No breathing, no pulse felt within 10 s
Activation of emergency response system
▪ Call 911 and then begin CPR
▪ Use AED as soon as it is available
▪ Witnessed collapse: Call 911 then do CPR
▪ Unwitnessed collapse: give 2 minutes of CPR then call 911 if you are alone
Compression-ventilation ratio
▪ 1 and 2 rescuer 30:2
▪ 1 rescuer: 30:2▪ 2 rescuer: 15:2
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Adult Child Infant
Compression rate 100 – 120 /min
Compression depth
At least 2 inches (5cm) but no more than 6cm
About 2 inches (5cm)
About 11/2 inches (4cm)
Hand placement 2 hands on the lower half of the sternum
2 hands or 1 hand for very small child on the lower half of the sternum
1 rescuer: 2 fingers in the center of the chest just below the nipple line
Compression ventilation ratio with advanced airway
Continue compression at a rate of 100-12/mGive 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths)
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