Basic Hiv-Aids Edited

8/8/2019 Basic Hiv-Aids Edited

1/23


2/23

:AIDS:

ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY

SYNDROMS


3/23

What is AIDS

Caused by HIV (i.e., Human Immunodeficiency virus)

Fatal & Dangerous virus because destroys the immune

system.

Virus is too small.

Aids is the last stage of the HIV infection.

No vaccine.


4/23

HISTORY OR ORIGIN OF VIRUS AIDS

Acc. to Renee Sabatier :

Originated from old unknown human diseases

Transmitted from species other than human being like

Monkeys, apes etc.

Accidentally originated in the Labs

It was previously know as GRID (Guy-related

immunodeficiency) in 1981.

French virologist reported in 1983 the isolation of new virus.


5/23

HISTORY OR ORIGIN OF VIRUS AIDS

Further researches by USA and other countries virologist and

biologists gave a name to this diseases a HIV.

This virus remains in body completely disguised and safe.

It is difficult to detect asymptomatic HIV infected persons.


6/23

ORIGIN OF AIDS in India

HIV in India : First HIV seropositive case in India was

identified in Madras & 1st AIDS case in May 1986.

Since then till Aug. 2006 1,24,995 full blown AIDS cases havebeen reported

HIV +ve cases --- 2.5 million (2007 )


7/23

Where did HIV come from?

The earliest known case of HIV-1 in a human was from a

blood sample collected in 1959 from a man in Kinshasa,

Democratic Republic of Congo

Unknown how virus was transmitted

Genetic analysis of this blood sample suggested that HIV-1

HIV : The Beigining


8/23

STAGES OF HIV TO AIDS:-

There are four stages for development of HIV to AIDS. They are as

follow:-

PRIMARY ACUTE (INITIAL HIV INFECTION) STAGE

ASYMPTOMATIC (PERSISTENTLY ENLARGED GLANDS)

STAGE

SYMPTOMATIC (AIDS- RELATED COMPLEX) STAGE

AIDS (FULL-- BLOWN AIDS) STAGE


9/23

AIDS Detection

Common two test are:- ELISA(ENZYME LINKED IMMUNIO ABSORBANT

ASSRY)WESTERN BLOT

Other test are as follow:- VIRAL LOAD CULTURE TEST POLYMERAZ CHAIN REACTION TEST

CD4 CELL COUNT TEST FLOURSCENT MICROSCOPIC TEST


10/23

How It Spread

SEX WITH AN INFECTED PARTENER(includes both

heterosexual & homosexual relationships)

TRANFUSION OF BLOOD & BLOOD PRODUCTS

INFECTED WITH HIV

INJECTING DRUGS WITH INFECTED SYRINGES OR

NEEDLES

INFECTED MOTHER TO HER UNBORN CHILD


11/23

TRANSMISSION OF HIV

The HIV virus is mainly transmitted following sources:-

COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS

HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS

DRUG ADDICTS

BLOOD DONORS

HIV INFECTED WOMEN GIVING BIRTH TO

INFECTED CHILD

USE OF BLADES FOR SHAVING


12/23

FACTS

HIV is spreading at rate of new infection every 35 seconds.

38.6 million people suffer from AIDS & 25 million people had

already become prey of it.

2.3 million people are HIV infected in India.

India is one of the countries having high numbers of the HIV cases

in the world.


13/23

Its Common Not AIDS

Its not spreads through

Biting of mosquitoes, Holding\embracing\kissing, Shaking hands,

Coughing, Sneezing or spitting, Sharing of public toilets, Swimming pools,

Attending the same schools etc.

No doctors ,nurses and other health workers are reported become

affected by treating the infected persons.


14/23

Impact on Society

AIDS is not only a health problem, but also a societal

problem.

It effects all the basic institutions of the society.

It have economic consequences, social consequences andalso psychological consequences.

It effects the GDP of the country also.


15/23

Impact on Society

Major problem of the Aids is ISOLATION.

It leads to other problems of the society.

Its effects the most useful and active resource of the

country.


16/23

Role of the SOCIAL WORKER.

Most critical task of the social worker is to deal with the HIV/AIDS

infected person.

The social worker has not only to work with infected but also with

the people who are more prone to get infected by this diseases.

Major help that SW can provide is only counselling.


17/23

The counseling can be grouped in four categories:

1. PRE TEST COUNSSELLING

2. POST TEST COUNSELLING TO NON INFECTED

3. COUNSELLING TO HIV +VE4. COUNSELLING TO AIDS PATIENT

Has also to deal with the surrounding environment of the patient.

PSYCHO--SOCIAL HELP

Role of the SOCIAL WORKER.


18/23

Steps To Control AIDS

Can only be controlled through preventive education only.

Some of the measures for preventing and protecting from

AIDS:-

o SAFE SEX educationo TRAINING TO DOCTORS AND NURSES

o PREVENTIONS AND CONTROL OF STDS programeso BLOOD TESTo HIV TEST ARE MADE FREE & CONFIDENTIALo PROMOTTION OF PRECAUTIONARY MEDIUMSo HELP OF VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS


19/23

State/UnionTerritory

Antenatal clinicHIV prevalence

2007 (%)

STD clinic HIVprevalence 2007

(%)

IDU HIVprevalence 2007

(%)

MSM HIVprevalence 2007

(%)

Female sexworker HIV

prevalence 2007(%)

0.25 1.33 ... ... ...

Andhra Pradesh 1.00 17.20 3.71 17.04 9.74

ArunachalPradesh

0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ...

0.00 0.50 2.41 2.78 0.44

0.25 0.40 0.60 0.00 3.40

0.25 0.42 8.64 3.60 0.40

Chhattisgarh 0.25 3.33 ... ... 1.43

D & N Haveli 0.50 ... ... ... ...

Daman & Diu 0.13 ... ... ... ...

0.25 5.20 10.10 11.73 3.15

0.18 5.60 ... 7.93 ...0.25 2.40 ... 8.40 6.53

Haryana 0.13 0.00 0.80 5.39 0.91

HimachalPradesh

0.00 0.00 ... 0.00 0.87

Jammu &Kashmir

0.00 0.20 ... ... ...

Jharkhand 0.00 0.40 ... ... 1.09

Karnataka 0.50 8.40 2.00 17.60 5.30

Kerala 0.38 1.60 7.85 0.96 0.87

0.00 0.00 ... ... ...

Madhya Pradesh 0.00 1.72 ... ... 0.67

0.50 11.62 24.40 11.80 17.91

Manipur 0.75 4.08 17.90 16.40 13.07

Meghalya 0.00 2.21 4.17 ... ...

Mizoram 0.75 7.13 7.53 ... 7.20

Nagaland 0.60 3.42 1.91 ... 8.91

Orissa 0.00 1.60 7.33 7.37 0.80

0.00 3.22 ... 2.00 1.30

0.00 1.60 13.79 1.22 0.65

Rajasthan 0.13 2.00 ... ... 4.16

0.09 0.00 0.47 ... 0.00

Tamil Nadu 0.25 8.00 16.80 6.60 4.68

Tripura 0.25 0.40 0.00 ... ...

Uttar Pradesh 0.00 0.48 1.29 0.40 0.78

Uttaranchal 0.00 0.00 ... ... ...

0.00 0.80 7.76 5.61 5.92

AIDS IN INDIA

Total People living with HIV/AIDS is 3.1 millions in

INDIA

39% are female and 3.5% are children

Major affected the states are Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in the south; and

Manipur and Nagaland in the north-east

The highly affected age group in India is between 15 to

29 years.


20/23

State/UnionTerritory

Antenatal clinicHIV prevalence

2007 (%)

STD clinic HIVprevalence 2007

(%)

IDU HIVprevalence 2007

(%)

MSM HIVprevalence 2007

(%)

Female sexworker HIV

prevalence 2007(%)

0.25 1.33 ... ... ...

Andhra Pradesh 1.00 17.20 3.71 17.04 9.74

ArunachalPradesh

0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ...

0.00 0.50 2.41 2.78 0.44

0.25 0.40 0.60 0.00 3.40

0.25 0.42 8.64 3.60 0.40

Chhattisgarh 0.25 3.33 ... ... 1.43

D & N Haveli 0.50 ... ... ... ...

Daman & Diu 0.13 ... ... ... ...

0.25 5.20 10.10 11.73 3.15

0.18 5.60 ... 7.93 ...0.25 2.40 ... 8.40 6.53

Haryana 0.13 0.00 0.80 5.39 0.91

HimachalPradesh

0.00 0.00 ... 0.00 0.87

Jammu &Kashmir

0.00 0.20 ... ... ...

Jharkhand 0.00 0.40 ... ... 1.09

Karnataka 0.50 8.40 2.00 17.60 5.30

Kerala 0.38 1.60 7.85 0.96 0.87

0.00 0.00 ... ... ...

Madhya Pradesh 0.00 1.72 ... ... 0.67

0.50 11.62 24.40 11.80 17.91

Manipur 0.75 4.08 17.90 16.40 13.07

Meghalya 0.00 2.21 4.17 ... ...

Mizoram 0.75 7.13 7.53 ... 7.20

Nagaland 0.60 3.42 1.91 ... 8.91

Orissa 0.00 1.60 7.33 7.37 0.80

0.00 3.22 ... 2.00 1.30

0.00 1.60 13.79 1.22 0.65

Rajasthan 0.13 2.00 ... ... 4.16

0.09 0.00 0.47 ... 0.00

Tamil Nadu 0.25 8.00 16.80 6.60 4.68

Tripura 0.25 0.40 0.00 ... ...

Uttar Pradesh 0.00 0.48 1.29 0.40 0.78

Uttaranchal 0.00 0.00 ... ... ...

0.00 0.80 7.76 5.61 5.92

AIDS IN INDIA. . . .

Following is the Rate of the infected HIV person acc. to

age GroupWise:-

Age group HIV prevalence (%)

Male Female Total

15-19 0.01 0.07 0.0420-24 0.19 0.17 0.18

25-29 0.43 0.28 0.35

30-34 0.64 0.45 0.54

35-39 0.53 0.23 0.37

40-44 0.41 0.19 0.30

45-49 0.48 0.17 0.33

Total age 15-49 0.36 0.22 0.28

Th f ll i i HIV d AIDS i f t d i t f th G j t t t till


21/23

12.76

5.76

6.7

4.61

5.76

4.4

3.6

1.6

3.27

2.4

12.2

7.6

6.8

0.25

0.130.380.38

0.58 0.38 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.5

12.4

6.8

8

7.2

9.2

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

19 98 1999 2000 2001 2002 2 00 3 2004 2005 2006 2007

Prevalence

The following is HIV and AIDS infected picture of the Gujarat state till

2007


22/23

A Category B Category C Category D CategorySurat Ahmedabad Amreli Gandhinagar

Mehsana Bhavnagar Anand Jamnagar

Dahod Rajkot Bharuch Junagadh

Surendranagar Vadodara Kutch Kheda

Banaskantha Narmada Porbandar

Navsari Panchmahal Valsad

Patan Tapi

Sabarkantha

Dang

6 4 9 7

District wise Categorization ( NACO CENTRES )


23/23

THANK YOUBY:-

Narendra PrajapatiRahul Vasava

Amit Srivastva

Hardik Joshi

Anup Bhogle

Basic Hiv-Aids Edited

Documents