Basic First Aid 0808

7/21/2019 Basic First Aid 0808

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1

a s i c F i r s t A i da s i c F ir s t A i d



2

S e c u r i n g t h e s c e n e

e c u r i n g t h e s c e n e

1. Electrical hazards

2. Chemical hazards

3. Noxious & Toxic gases

4. Ground hazards

5. ire

!. "nsta#le e$ui%ment

efore performing any Firstefore performing any First

Aid,

id,

Check for:

heck for:



3

Chain of Survival

Earl&

'ccess()11(

Earl& C*+

or irst 'id

,ou

Earl&

-ei#rillation

E/0 onscene

Earl&

'danced

Care2os%ital

n order or a %erson to surie

Pay attention to:

HISTORY; what happened; from the casualty or bystanders

SYMPTOMS; what only the casualty can tell you

SIGNS; what you can see for yourself



4

"ni1ersal *recautions .or 'ir#orne& 5lood#orn *athogens

6 & e%atitis

Tu#erculosis

Gloves & Respiratory

Barrier devise are a must toprevent transmission of

diseases



5

DURING TRET!ENT DURING TRET!ENT

•avoid coughing, bra!hing, or "#a$ing ovr !havoid coughing, bra!hing, or "#a$ing ovr !h

%ound%ound

•avoid con!ac! %i!h bod& '(uid"avoid con!ac! %i!h bod& '(uid"

•u" a 'ac "hi(d or )a"$ %i!h on*%a&*va(vu" a 'ac "hi(d or )a"$ %i!h on*%a&*va(v

%hn doing ac!iv r"u"ci!a!ion%hn doing ac!iv r"u"ci!a!ion

•u" on(& c(an bandag" and dr""ing"u" on(& c(an bandag" and dr""ing"

•avoid !ra!ing )or !han on ca"ua(!& %i!hou!avoid !ra!ing )or !han on ca"ua(!& %i!hou!%a"hing hand" and changing g(ov"%a"hing hand" and changing g(ov"

"TER TRET!ENT "TER TRET!ENT

•c(an u# bo!h ca"ua(!& and &our"('c(an u# bo!h ca"ua(!& and &our"('

•c(an u# !h i))dia! vicini!&c(an u# !h i))dia! vicini!&

•di"#o" o' dr""ing", bandag", g(ov" anddi"#o" o' dr""ing", bandag", g(ov" and

"oi(d c(o!hing corrc!(&"oi(d c(o!hing corrc!(&

•%a"h hand" %i!h "oa# and %a!r %a"h hand" %i!h "oa# and %a!r



+

F u n d a m e n t a ls o f F ir s t A i d

u n d a m e n t a ls o f Fi rs t A id

'ctiate E/0 0stem

ctiate E/0 0stem

7)11(

1. 'C

8air9a:#reathing:circulation;

2. Control #leeding

3. Treat or 0hoc<

8medical emergencies;

4. =%en 9ounds & urns

5. ractures & -islocations

!. Trans%ortation



A C s

C s

Causes o +es%irator>Cardiac 'rrest

Electrical

-ro9ning

Toxic :

Noxious

gases

0uocation

2eart 'ttac< Trauma

-rugs 'llergic reactions



-

R e a c t io n ! i m e

e a c t io n ! i m e

3 C*+>'rtiicial res%iration is administered

Chance o #rain damage

0 to 4 minutes -

4 to 6 minutes -

6 to 10 minutes-

10 minutes + -

+ecoer rate o

ecoer rate o

ictim i has

ictim i has

artiicial

rtiicial

res%iration donees%iration done

immediatel

mmediatel

O.&gna!d

b(ood '(o%

)u"! g! !o

brain



/

A " " C s

" "Cs

"se chin lit>head tilt

?oo<.:listen:eel or #reathing

'ttem%t to 6entilate6entilate 1er& 5 seconds

Esta#lish res%onsieness

Chec< %ulse +ecoer& %osition



10

C a r d i o # u l m o n a r y R e s u s c i ta t io n

a r d i o # u l m o n a r y R e s u s c i t a ti o n

0hould #e trained to %erorm this

%rocedure

done im%ro%erl@ could harm ictim

Courses aaila#le eer9here

Ne9 in ?ate 2AA!

B 3A Com%ressions to 2 reaths

B

or Eerone



11

'ir9a& =#structions

ir9a& =#structions

open

closed

o$structed

Tongu



12

% e i m l ic h a n e u v e r

e i m l ic h a n e u v e r

for

o r

C o n s c i o u s A i r ' a y ( $ s t r u c t io no n s c i o u s A i r ' a y ( $ s t r u c t io n



13

! y p e s o f l e e d in g

y p e s o f l e e d i n g

6eins

Ca%illar&

Spurting

Steady flo'

(o)ing

'rter&

3nternal 3nDuries



14

! y p e s o f * o u n d s

y p e s o f * o u n d s



15

C o n t ro l o f l e e d i n g

o n t r o l o f l e e d i n g

-irect *ressure

Eleation

Cold '%%lications

*ressure #andage



1+

# r e s s u r e # o i n ts

r e s s u r e # o i n t s

here the arter

%asses oer a #one

close to the s<in

Tem%oral

acial

Carotid

0u#:claian

5rachial

+adial

"lnar

emoral

*o%liteal

*edal



1

! o u r n i + u e t

o u r n i + u e t

'#solute last resort in

controlling #leeding

+emem#er : ?i.e or l im#

(nce a tourni+uet is

applied, it is not to $e

removed , only $y a

doctor



1-

S h o c k

h o c k

Shock affects all maor

functions of the $ody

loss of $lood flo' to the

tissues and organs

Shock must $e treated

in all accident cases



1/

! r e a tm e n t f o r S h o c k

r e a tm e n t f o r S h o c k

•i vic!i) do%n i' #o""ib(i vic!i) do%n i' #o""ib(

•ac i" #a(*rai" !h !ai(ac i" #a(*rai" !h !ai(

•ac i" rd*rai" !h hadac i" rd*rai" !h had

•oo"n !igh! c(o!hingoo"n !igh! c(o!hing

•# vic!i) %ar) and dr&# vic!i) %ar) and dr&

•o no! giv an&!hing b& )ou!ho no! giv an&!hing b& )ou!h

•No "!i)u(an!"No "!i)u(an!"





There are three types of

heat emergencies youmay be required to treat.

1.Heat Exhaustion

2.Heat Stroke3.Heat Cramps



Heat exhaustion is essdangerous than heat stroke.

!t is caused by "uid oss

#hich in turn causes bood"o# to decrease in $ita

organs% resuting in a form

of shock.

http://www.clipart.com/en/close-up?o=3700892&memlevel=A&a=c&q=sweating&s=121&e=150&show=&c=&cid=&findincat=&g=&cc=&page=5



Signs and

Symptoms Coo% &ae% and 'oist Skin

Hea$y S#eating(iated &upisHeadache

)ausea*omiting

+ody temperature #i be near



,et the $ictim out of the heat and into

a coo pace.&ace in the shock position% ying on

the back #ith feet raised.

-emo$e or oosen cothing.Coo by fanning or appying cod packsor #et to#es or sheets. !f conscious%

gi$e #ater to drink e$ery 1 minutes.



WHILE HEATEXHAUSTION IS NOT A

LIFE- THREATENINGEMERGENCY LIKE HEAT

STROKE, IT CANPROGRESS TO HEAT

STROKE IF LEFT

Heat cramps are muscuar



Heat cramps are muscuarpain and spasms due to hea$y

exertion. They usuay in$o$ethe abdomina musces or egs.!t is generay thought this

condition is caused by oss of#ater and sat through

s#eating.

http://www.clipart.com/en/close-up?o=3910105&memlevel=A&a=c&q=injury&s=91&e=120&show=&c=&cid=&findincat=&g=&cc=&page=4



,et $ictim to a coo pace.!f they can toerate it% gi$e one/

haf gass of #ater e$ery 1

minutes.Heat cramps can usuay bea$oided by increasing "uid

intake #hen acti$e in hot



Heat Stroke is the most serious type

of heat emergency.

It is I*THR6TNING andrequires

IMMI6T and

6GGRSSI7 treatment

Heat stroke occurs !hen the "ody#s heat

regu$ating mechanism fai$s. %he "odytemperature rises so high that "rain damage

--and death-- may resu$t un$ess the "ody is

coo$ed quick$y.



Signs and

Symptoms The $ictim0s skin is HOT% RED and usuay DRY .

&upis are $ery sma. The body temperature is

*E- H!,H&sometimes as high as 1degrees.



-emember% Heat Stroke is aife/threatening emergency

and requires prompt action

Summon professiona hep.

,et the $ictim into a coopace.

(o not gi$e $ictim anything by mouth.

Treat for shock.

78!C95 6S &4SS!+5E !)



78!C95 6S &4SS!+5E !)6) '6))E- &4SS!+5E

Place the ct" #t$ a%atht&% $' c$$l (ate), ()a*



32

- i a $ e t ic e m e r g e n c i e s

i a $ e ti c e m e r g e n c i e s

.nsulin Shock /%ypoglycemia0

R"u(! o' in"u''icin! "ugar* a"! on"!

•8o(d c(a))& "$in, #a(, ra#id r"#ira!ion9" and #u(",

incohrn!

•Tra! b& giving "ugar ba"" #roduc!"

-ia$etic coma /1etoacidosis0

Too )uch "ugar or in"u''icin! in"u(in* S(o% on"!

•:ar), dr& "$in, "(o% r"#ira!ion", ")(( o' ro!!n

'rui! on bra!h

•Tru )dica( )rgnc&, ac!iva! MS "&"!)

i))dia!(&

"ind out if #ictim has past diabetic history "ind out if #ictim has past diabetic history



33

S n a k e & S p i d e r $ ite s

n a k e & S p i d e r $ it e s

+attlesna<e Co%%erhead 5lac< ido9 5ro9n +ecluse

?imit actiit&Constricting #andage a#oe

Cold a%%lication

'danced medical attention



34

+ro#n+ro#n

-ecuse-ecuse



35

a& 3

a& 4



3+

a& 5

a& +



3

a& /

a& 10



3-

u r n s

u r n s

Cool a%%lication-onFt #rea<

#listers

-r& sterile dressing@ treat or

shoc<'()I* %'(S),'%



3/

$e#ere %urns and $calds

Tra!)n!

•8oo( !h burn ara %i!h %a!r 'or 10 !o 20 )inu!"<

•

a& !h ca"ua(!& do%n and )a$ hi) a" co)'or!ab( a" #o""ib(,#ro!c!ing burn ara 'ro) ground con!ac!<

•Gn!(& r)ov an& ring", %a!ch", b(!" or con"!ric!ing c(o!hing

'ro) !h in=urd ara b'or i! bgin" !o "%((<

•8ovr !h in=urd ara (oo"(& %i!h "!ri( un)dica!d dr""ing or

"i)i(ar non '(u''& )a!ria( and bandag<

•on9! r)ov an&!hing !ha! i" "!ic$ing !o !h burn<

•on9! a##(& (o!ion", oin!)n!", bu!!r or 'a! !o !h in=ur&<

•on9! bra$ b(i"!r" or o!hr%i" in!r'r %i!h !h in=urd ara<

•on9! ovr*coo( !h #a!in! and cau" "hivring<

•I' bra!hing and har!ba! "!o#, bgin r"u"ci!a!ion i))dia!(&,

•I' ca"ua(!& i" uncon"ciou" bu! bra!hing nor)a((&, #(ac in !h

rcovr& #o"i!ion<

•Tra! 'or "hoc$<

•Snd 'or )dica( a!!n!ion and #r# 'or !ran"#or!<

http://recover.htm/



40

!inor %urns and $calds Tra!)n!

•P(ac !h in=urd #ar! undr "(o%(& running %a!r,

or "oa$ in co(d %a!r 'or 10 )inu!" or a" (ong a"

#ain #r"i"!"<

•Gn!(& r)ov an& ring", %a!ch", b(!", and

"ho" 'ro) !h in=urd ara b'or i! "!ar!" !o"%((<

•r"" %i!h c(an, "!ri(, non '(u''& )a!ria(<

•on9! u" adh"iv dr""ing"<

•

on9! a##(& (o!ion", oin!)n!" or 'a! !o burn>"ca(d<

•on9! bra$ b(i"!r" or o!hr%i" in!r'r<

•I' in doub!, "$ )dica( aid<



41

&hemical %urns&hemical %urns

Tra!)n!

•(ood !h ara %i!h "(o%(& running %a!r 'or(ood !h ara %i!h "(o%(& running %a!r 'or

a! (a"! !n )inu!"< ?or #ro#r nu!ra(i@inga! (a"! !n )inu!"< ?or #ro#r nu!ra(i@ing

agn!Aagn!A•Gn!(& r)ov con!a)ina!d c(o!hing %hi(Gn!(& r)ov con!a)ina!d c(o!hing %hi(

'(ooding in=urd ara, !a$ing car no! !o'(ooding in=urd ara, !a$ing car no! !o

con!a)ina! &our"('<con!a)ina! &our"('<

•8on!inu !ra!)n! 'or S7R BCRNS8on!inu !ra!)n! 'or S7R BCRNS•R)ov !o ho"#i!a(<R)ov !o ho"#i!a(<



42

F r a c t u r e s & - i s l o c a t io n s

r a c t u r e s & - i s l o c a t i o n s

/ust treat or #leeding

irst

-o not

%ush #ones

#ac< into

%lace

-onFt straighten #rea<

Treat the 9a ou ound

it



43

I 6 ISO86TION IS SCSP8T<<<I 6 ISO86TION IS SCSP8T<<<

1< 6##(& a "#(in! !o !h =oin! !o $# i! 'ro) )oving<1< 6##(& a "#(in! !o !h =oin! !o $# i! 'ro) )oving<2< Tr& !o $# =oin! (va!d !o "(o% b(ood'(o% !o !h ara2< Tr& !o $# =oin! (va!d !o "(o% b(ood'(o% !o !h ara

3< 6 doc!or "hou(d b con!ac!d !o hav !h bon "! bac$3< 6 doc!or "hou(d b con!ac!d !o hav !h bon "! bac$

in!o i!" "oc$!<in!o i!" "oc$!<

Th )o"! co))on di"(oca!ion" occur in !h "hou(dr, (bo%,Th )o"! co))on di"(oca!ion" occur in !h "hou(dr, (bo%,

'ingr, or !hu)b<'ingr, or !hu)b<

- i s l o c a t i o n s

i s l o c a t i o n s

OO OR THS SIGNSOO OR THS SIGNS

1< "%((ing1< "%((ing

2< d'or)d (oo$2< d'or)d (oo$

3< #ain and !ndrn""3< #ain and !ndrn""

4< #o""ib( di"co(ora!ion o' !h a''c!d ara4< #o""ib( di"co(ora!ion o' !h a''c!d ara



44

S p l i n t s

p l i n t s

/ust #e a straight line

#rea<

Can #e ormed to sha%e

o deormit

e careul o tem%erature

change



45

PROPR 86RPROPR 86R

1< :hi( %ai!ing on h(# !o arriv, $# !h vic!i) (&ing do%n in !h rcovr&1< :hi( %ai!ing on h(# !o arriv, $# !h vic!i) (&ing do%n in !h rcovr&

#o"i!ion#o"i!ion2< 8on!ro( an& b(ding, and b "ur !ha! h i" bra!hing #ro#r(&<2< 8on!ro( an& b(ding, and b "ur !ha! h i" bra!hing #ro#r(&<

3< o no! giv !h vic!i) an& (iDuid" !o drin$<3< o no! giv !h vic!i) an& (iDuid" !o drin$<

4< I' !h vic!i) bco)" uncon"ciou" 'or an& a)oun! o' !i), $# !rac$ o'4< I' !h vic!i) bco)" uncon"ciou" 'or an& a)oun! o' !i), $# !rac$ o'

!hi" in'or)a!ion "o !ha! &ou can r#or! i! %hn )dica( h(# arriv"<!hi" in'or)a!ion "o !ha! &ou can r#or! i! %hn )dica( h(# arriv"<

% e a d

e a d

. n , u r i e s

n , u r i e s

6 "har# b(o% !o !h had cou(d r"u(! in a concu""ion, a =o"!(ing o' !h6 "har# b(o% !o !h had cou(d r"u(! in a concu""ion, a =o"!(ing o' !h

brain in"id i!" #ro!c!iv, bon& covring< 6 )or "riou" had in=ur&brain in"id i!" #ro!c!iv, bon& covring< 6 )or "riou" had in=ur&

)a& r"u(! in con!u"ion", or brui"" !o !h brain<)a& r"u(! in con!u"ion", or brui"" !o !h brain<

OTHR SYMPTOMS TO OO OR I YOC SCSP8T 6 7I8TIM M6Y H67OTHR SYMPTOMS TO OO OR I YOC SCSP8T 6 7I8TIM M6Y H67

6 BR6IN INECRY6 BR6IN INECRY

1< c(ar or rddi"h '(uid draining 'ro) !h ar", no", or )ou!h1< c(ar or rddi"h '(uid draining 'ro) !h ar", no", or )ou!h

2< di''icu(!& in "#a$ing2< di''icu(!& in "#a$ing

3< hadach3< hadach

4< unDua( "i@ o' #u#i("4< unDua( "i@ o' #u#i("

5< #a( "$in5< #a( "$in

+< #ara(&"i" o' an ar) or (g ?o##o"i! "id o' !h in=ur&A or 'ac ?"a) "id+< #ara(&"i" o' an ar) or (g ?o##o"i! "id o' !h in=ur&A or 'ac ?"a) "id

o' !h in=ur&Ao' !h in=ur&A



4+

2 e c k & S p i n a l . n ,u r i e s

e c k & S p i n a l .n , u r i e s

(' (* %'(%/%(' (* %'(%/%

• ( (

•etreme care in initia$etreme care in initia$

eamination 2 minima$eamination 2 minima$

mo3ementmo3ement

•

urgent am"u$ance transporturgent am"u$ance transport•app$y cer3ica$ co$$arapp$y cer3ica$ co$$ar

•treat for shocktreat for shock

•treat any other inuriestreat any other inuries

•

maintain "ody heatmaintain "ody heat•if mo3ement required& #$og ro$$#if mo3ement required& #$og ro$$#

and use assistantsand use assistants

•a$!ays maintain casua$ty#s heada$!ays maintain casua$ty#s head

in $ine !ith the shou$dersin $ine !ith the shou$ders



4



4-

!hese are symptoms of 'hat3

• Cnco)'or!ab( #r""ur ,

"Du@ing, 'u((n"" or du(( #ain in

!h ch"! or u##r abdo)n

• Shor!n"" o' bra!h

• Pain in "hou(dr", ar)", nc$ or

=a%"



4/

!hese are possi$le symptoms of 'hat3

• Pain

• S%((ing

• Brui"ing

• i"!or!ion o' (i)b



50

*hat type of $urn is this3

1st *egree



51

*hat should you never do for a

any degree $urn3Gun$ i! u#<



52

!he first 'ay to control $leeding

is:irc! #r""ur<



53

.f you find an unconscious victim, you

should first :

• 6< Tr& 2 r"cu bra!h"

• B< O#n !h air%a&

• 8< 8a(( /11

• < Tra! )a=or b(ding



54

.f a choking victim $ecomes

unconscious, you should:

• 6< Ba! !h) on !h bac$

• B< 8hc$ !h )ou!h 'or

ob"!ruc!ion"

•8< Tr& 2 r"cu bra!h"

• < C" abdo)ina( !hru"!"



55

.f you get something stuck in your eye,

you should:

• 6< C" a !i""u or gau@ !o #u(( i!

ou!<

• B< (u"h i! %i!h %a!r

•8< 8ovr !h &" and g! !o adoc!or

• < Rub i!, and b(in$ r#a!d(&



5+

Rescue $reathing should not $e done:

• 6< On "u#rvi"or"

• B< I' !h #r"on ha" a #u("

• 8< On dro%ning vic!i)"

• < I' !h #r"on i" bra!hing



5

Fall victims should $e treated:

• 6< Th "a) a" burn vic!i)"

• B< Th "a) a" cho$ing vic!i)"

• 8< 6" i' !h& had a bro$n nc$ or

"#in• < 6" "oon a" !h& %a$ u#



5-

*hat type of $urn is this3

2nd gr





+0

!he $est place to check for a pulse is:

• 6< Th bac$

• B< Th nc$

• 8< Th 'oo!

• < In"id !h ('! ar)#i!



+1

!he $iggest killer of $urn victims is:

• 6< Shoc$

• B< In'c!ion

• 8< 8on!a)ina!ion o' b(ood

• < ir"! aidr"



+2

*hen calling 566, you should tell them:

• 6< Your (oca!ion

• B< Th nu)br o' vic!i)"

• 8< Th !&# o' in=ur&, i' $no%n

• < 6(( o' !h abov



+3

%eart attack victims usually:

• 6< R'u" !o b(iv !h& ar having on

• B< i$ !o =og a bi!

• 8< Hav bac$ #ain

• < Sho% a(( !h "&)#!o)"



+4

For second degree $urns you should:

• 6< Ma$ "ur &ou #o# a(( b(i"!r" a" !h&

a##ar

• B< :ra# in dr&, "!ri( dr""ing

• 8< 8oa! %i!h burn cra)

• < Non o' !h abov



+5

For sprains, you should:

• 6< 6##(& #r""ur bandag"

• B< Soa$ in ho! %a!r

• 8< 6##(& co(d #ac$"

• < Giv !%o r"cu bra!h"



++

*hat kind of $urns are these3



+

.f $itten $y a snake, you should:

• 6< C" a "na$bi! $i! !o o#n !h

%ound

• B< C" a !ourniDu!

• 8< 6##(& co(d #ac$" and ca(( /11

• < rin$ #(n!& o' a(coho(



+-

&oving a victim 'ith $roken $ones can

result in:

• 6< a)ag !o in!rna( !i""u" and organ"• B< Para(&"i"

• 8< a!h

• < 6(( o' !h abov



+/

7ou are most likely to perform first aid

at:• 6< Ho)

• B< :or$

• 8< S#or!ing vn!"

• < On !h high%a&



7ou cannot $e successfully sued as a

first aider $ecause of:• 6< a%&r" arnF! (i$ !ha!

• B< Po#( donF! "u !ho"

%ho !r& !o h(# !h)

• 8< Th Good Sa)ari!an a%

• < Th Bi(( o' Righ!"

Basic First Aid 0808

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