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/ 囲書 5.ム.23 ■術.’ NRIM SR-93~) ~; o ~ ~ E o ,~ ~ O = !: O 1: o = ID O ,~ O 0:: coo O ,~ = ,~ = O 1: ,1, o = ~O o 1: = ,1, ~ O cl, ~ o O ~ ID o ~ o ~ coo E o :!:! ;~ ,1, ~ UD ~ Z ~ O o co= O J: H B asic Fatigue Properties of J for Machine Structural by s*toshi NISHIJIMA NRIM Special Report (Technical Report) No. 93~)2 1993 National Research Institute for Metals 2-3=12 Nakameguro , Meguroku, Tokyo,
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Page 1: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

/

囲書5.ム.23

■術.’ ?

NRIM SR-93~)2

~; o ~ ~ E o ,~

~ O =

!:

O 1: o = ID O ,~ O

0::

coo

O ,~

= ,~

= O 1: ,1,

o = ~O o 1: = ,1,

~ O cl,

~ o

O ~ ID o ~ o ~ coo

E o

:!:!

;~ ,1,

~ UD

~ Z ~ O o co=

O J: H

B asic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels

for Machine Structural Use

by

s*toshi NISHIJIMA

NRIM Special Report

(Technical Report)

No. 93~)2

1993

National Research Institute for Metals

2-3=12 Nakameguro , Meguroku, Tokyo, Japan

Page 2: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

NRIM SR-93-02

Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels

    for Machine Structural Use

               by

          Satoshi NISHIJIMA

NRIM Special Repor重

 (Technical Report)

   No.93-02

         Ig93

  National Research Institute for Metals

2-3-12Nakameguro, Meguroku, Tokyo, Japan

Page 3: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS S毛eels for Machine Structural Use

by

Sa重oshi NISHIJIMA

NRIM Special Report (Technical Repor重)

      No.93-02

Contents

Abstract_.◎◎.........,9◆....『......,.◎.ゆ....『.........◎◆............,.◆.9......會『.........9...,.....,含.....φ...9會......『.

1響Introduction..............響.『.......9.....『『........,曹............,..◎...9......『........9◆....會....會..“.............

2.Materials Sampling and Test Procedures__.__.___._.._..______._____。

  29!Test Materials......9..◎◎........『..........◎.................9,◎.....曹.....『.......,9ウ..9,...9,9含ρ.....,..◎....

  2.2Hea之Treatments....◎.....6...『.....,..9.『◎....『......,9.◎.........『....9◎...9.....『.............ρ.9骨.....『....

  2.3Test Procedures_.『.....◎...................◎.....『.......,9.................◎.9,◎.....『.............9・......・.

   2.3.1Mechanical Properties Tests____..._.___._。._____.。_..______.

   2.3.2Fatigue Properties Tests………・…………...’◎9’●●”『’’’’’’”9◎...●●e’’’’’’’”『’’”…’”●◎○’’’’’”◆’,

  2.4Data Analyses_.___._.__..___._...___。_..____...._...___.9_._.

   2.4.1Simultaneous Regression。_.__...__._.._._._.__._。_.._..__..__.__

   2.42Analysis of 5一八1 Curve_...._._..._...._.._._._.____.,。_____,・_.…・…・

3.Reference Mechanical Properties of JIS Steels_______________...,____.

  3,1Variation of Properties due to Heat Treatment,.._.___.._。._._._.___._。_.._.

  3.2Correlation Between Machanical Properties...。_._.._._.._._.___._._.._...__

   3.2.1Monotonic Strength Parameters..__....___.._.,_._____.___,___._

   3.2.2Monotonic Ductility Parameters___,_______。_一____._._..__._

4Reference Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels_.._.____,._._._._,。_..._.____...__

  4.1Variation of Fatigue Strength due to}{eat Treatmenし_._.._,__。_._.._._.。_._。

  42Correlation Between Fatigue Strength and Mechanical Properties..__,._____.._.

  4,3Cyclic Parameters__.._._..._._。._._,__._.._.__..。_._.._...____。__

5。Factors Affecting Fatigue Properties________.___...____________.

  5.1 Quench Hardenability of Steels...._.....,。。......._。..._...,.。。.....、...,。。....。.....。....._.,........

  5.2Effect of Non-MetaHic Inclusions._._._._.,__..__,....___.._,.____.

6.Concluding Remarks_._.__._.__._..__。_._..__。_..._..__。_,.____.。_

Acknowledgements.。.___._.___,_._.._.__。_._._.__._.__。_。__._.,_...

References_.____.___.___._。___._._..._.___.__.__._._._

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10

10

11

13

13

13

16

17

17

19

20

21

33

Page 4: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

NRIM SR-93-02

:B紐sic F紐tigue Properties of JIS Steels fbr Machine Structural Use

by

Satoshi NlsHIJIMA*

Abstract

    This paper intends to provide Standard Reference Data on the basic high-cycle fatigue

strengths of current Japane.se steels and alloys which are designated in the Japanese

Industrial Standards(JIS)and most commonly used for mechanical structures. In total 162

individual heats of 15 differe.nt grades of carbon, low-alloy and stainless steels were sampled

from ordinary products of representative manufacturers in the country. Chemical composi-

tion was controlled at the materials sampling with the intent to have wide-spread values in

quench hardenability and thus to cover the range of variations to be expected in JIS

materialS.    The materials were then heat treated and fatigue tested at the National Research

Institute for Metals(NRIM)according to the standardized proce.dures. Fatigue strengths

were eヤaluated under rotating bending, reversed torsion and axial loading. More than 12,000

standard smooth specimens were fatigue tested at room temperature in laboratory air and

6675-Ncurves were.statistically dete㎜ined for. different materials and loading conditions.

    The analyzed data is correlated with basic enginneering properties such as hardness,

tensile and impact values of materials. Some typical dependence of the fatigue strength on

the microscopic defects and on the cyclic stress-strain properties are discussed. Primary test

data have already been published as NRIM Fatigue Data Sheets and available on request on

.exchange basis.

1吻w・ぬ 踊9那・9デ紹・な,NR刀w切9・εD伽3伽∫,∫∬∫∫・・な・H’gh一・yd昂・’∫9…     Hθα∫’rθ小皿,Mθc伽∫C卿r解・偽,/>・η一紹α11’C’れdμ5加5, cyc髭。 y’ε145∫r8η9酌

*Director, Failure P亘ysics Division, NRIM.

Page 5: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

2 Satoshi NISK∬{MA

1。 Introduct韮。臓

  The a孟m of the present paper is to provide Standard

Reference Data on the basic high-cycle fatigue

strengths of current Japanese steels and al玉oys. The

materials are all those des1gnated in the Japanese

Industrial Standards(JIS)and most commoniy used

for mechaRical.structures. The data cited here are

based on the nation-wide testing program to establish

Standard Fatigue Data on Engineering Materials in

Japan1), conducted since 1975 at the National Re-

search Institute for Metals(NRIM).

  The primary data from this program have been

published periodically as NRIM Fatigue Data Sheets

(FDS), and distributed worldwide on exchange basis.

It would be better to explain brieHy about the FDS

Project, before entering further in detaiL

  Background of the NRIM FDS goes back to early in

the 1960’s, where NR.IM was at the accomplishment・

of the行rst 7-year program of investment since its

foundat孟on. There was a keen demand from孟ndustries

to establ孟sh a national materials testing center which

could supP豆y h孟gh quality an(i neutral data for

Japanese materials. It was needed to help solidifying

the basis of safe and reliable use of Japanese materials

for machines and structures.

  The project was widely supported from academic,

industrial and govemmental people, and NRIM en-

gaged重n the preparation to play such a role, A series

of Long-Term Creep Test童ng was at負rst initiated at

NRIM in 1966 using more than 1100 testing machines.

Another serles of Fatigue Testing was started in 1975

w重th 78(i縦erent testing facilit童es which have various

load capacities ranging from 50 kN to 1.5 MN.

  Outline of the NRIM Fatigue Data Sheet Program

is describe(i elsewherel).

  NRIM FDS Project includes three subthemes:

  (1) Basic strength-1重fe properties of machine

  structural materialS             り  (2)Life and crack growth properties of welded

  structural steels, and

  (3)Time-depende笠t strain-life properties of high-

  temperature alloys

The scope of the Project implies establishment of

common basic fatigue data referable for materials

fabricators as well as for mater重als users. An Advisory

Committee was settled at NRIM to reHect opinions of

leading scientists and engineers in universities and

industries in the orientation of Project. Three Tech-

nical Advisory Subcommittees were also formed to

review in detail individual test programs and acquired

data with specialists from industries of various f玉elds.

  The present paper is related to only a part of the

負rst subtheme mentioned above and deals speci倉cally

with bas孟。 high-cycle fatigue properties at room

temperature of carbon, Iow alloy and stainless steels.

Direct reference of the original FDS pubHcations2-16)

is recommended.

  Topics not thoroughly treated here such as low.

cycle fatigue:17-22)or crackl growth properties will be

appeared in the subsequent publications of NRIM

Special Report. More comprehensive representation

of analyzed data in this paper can be found in NRIM

FDS Technical Reports in∫apanese23’24).

2・Materials Samp韮韮ng and Test Procedures

2.1  Test M3terials

  Table l lists the materials samp韮ed and tested for

the FDS which are cited in this paper. There are 7

types of steels, such as carbon, Mn,、Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr,

Ni-Cr-Mo and stainless steels, pertaining to!5 classes

of steels and consisting of 162 heats/lots of materials.

  They were successively sampled in 1975-80 from

ordinary products of representative Japanese steel

manufacturers, as hot rolled round bars, generally of

19-22mm in diameter. There were a few exception in

size for some heats of SNCM439 samples, which were

about 50 mm and hot rolled to size in NRIM. All of

them were killed ingot steels produced by LD

converter(LDC)or bas董。 electric arc(BEA)fumaces

of different capacities, as indicated in the table.

  The sampling was carried out according to the

foHowing principle:

  一Consider as population a who玉e of ordinary

     products from representive manufacturers in the

     country whose total market share covers a

     malor part of the JIS steel grade in question

  -Divide the range of JIS chemical composition for

     the steel grade into high, med童um and low

     sub-c豆asses, looking at the quench hardenabil一

Page 6: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatlgue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine Structural Use 3

Tab垂e l. Typical chemlcal composition and£ab罫ication history of the test materlals(sampled

茎n 1975-80)

Steel Typical comジos至tion Furnace(t) Ingot(t) Dia(lnm) Heat

S25Cr35Cr45Cr55C

0、25C

n.35C

n.45C

n.55C

LDCIBEA 15-nOkDCIBEA 15-110

kDC/BEA l5410kDCIBEA 15-110

2.5-6.3

Q.5-63

Q.5-6.3

Q.5-6.3

玉9-22

P9-22

P9-22

P9-22

11

P2

P1

P1

SMn438rMn443

0.38C-15Mn

n,43C-15Mn

LDCIBEA IG-80

kDCIBEA 10-86

25-60Q.5-65

19-23

P9-23

712

SCr44G G.40C4Cr LDC〆13EA 10-80 2.5-6.5 19-22 8

SCM435rCM440

035C-1Cr-0.2Mo

n.4GC-1Cr-0.2Mo

LDCIBEA 3G-80kDC/BEA 10-80

2.5-65

Q.5-6.5

19-22

P9-22

14

P5

SNC631 0.31G2.7N呈一〇.8Cr LDCIBEA 1(レ80 1.2-6.0 19-22 10

SNCM439rNCM447

0,39C4.8Ni-0.8Cr-0.2Mo

ソ47C-1.8Ni-0.8Cr-0.2Mo

BEA   10-80aEA   1〔}一30

1.2づ4

Q.5

19-22

P9-20

14

U

SUS403rUS430rUS3G4

12Cr

P7Cr

P8Cr-8Nl

BEA   10-60

aEA   30-60

aEA   1〔ト60

2.5-5.3

Q2-3.4

Q.5-34

19-22

P9-22

P9-22

11

X11

    ity, and select arbitrarily one heat/lot of steel

    per sub-class from each manufacturer, and

  .Sample on average 12 individual heats/lots of

    steels for one grade considering annual testing

    capability

  The sub-division of chemical composition was made

in order that the sampled materials would reHect the

range of scatter 童n population, given that they are

specified by the chemical composition with certain

allowance. More detailed comment will be given Iater

in this paper. One direct example for explanation is

the case of carbon steels, where the range of carbon

content was divided into three. This allowed to

classify the samples from a same JIS grade to those

having upper, middle and lower carbon concentra-

tions, which normally exhibit systematically different

hardness after quenching.

  The grades of steels in Table l were selected as they

were known to be the most commonly used in

mechan孟cal industries, normally at heaレtreated states,

because of the importance of their fatigue perform-

ance. There are st孟11 many other special steels and

alloys which have to be considered in fatigue design-

ing. Some of them are actually teste(i in FDS

grogram, as those of case hardened steels, spring and

tool. steels and aluminum alloys. However, those data

wiU be analyzed and reported separately, as their

quality and use are very different from the present

ones,

  Table 21ists the chemical cornposition of each steel

by 正adle analysis, comparing the respective JIS re-

quirement and the.resuhs for the test materials. No

particular comment is necessary, except, perhaps, for

intentiOnally三〇Wer COntent Of eXpenSive elementS

such as Mo for some steels.

2.2 He飢Treatments

  Test materials were succeedingly cut into pieces of

about 200 mm ln length and heat treated at NRIM, so

as to prepare necessary speciments for each heat/lot of

steels. The heat treatment was designed according to

the following Principle:

  一Normalization, quenching, and tempering are to

    be carried out for carbon and Iow a賎oy steels,

    whereaS a1mealing Or SOIutiOn treatrnent iS

    apPlied for ferritic and austenitic stainless steels,

    respectively,’as in ordinary usage of steels.

  一Temperature for the treatments is selected from

    typical values that are most commonly agreed

Page 7: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

4 Satoshi NlsHIJIMA

「fable 2. Chemical composi重lon requested in JIS(upper)and the materials tested(10wer), for ladle

analysis呈n maSS%

Steei C Si Mn 100P 100S  Ni    Cr   Mo 100Cu

S25C0.22-0.28

O.22-G.28

G.15-0.35

f.16-032

0β0-0.60

O.37-052

≦3.0

?2.6

≦3、5    ≦0.20     ≦0、20     一

?2.8     ≦0.G7     ≦0.17     一

≦30

?10

S35C0.32-0.38

O.32-038

.G.15-035

O.20-0.30

0.6匹0.90

O.63一α81

≦3.0

?2.6

≦3.5     ≦≡0.20     ≦0.20     一

?3.0     ≦0.G7     ≦0.12     一

≦30

?12

S45C0.42-0.48

ソ42一α48

0.15-035

O.20-0.27

0.60-0.90

O.67-0.8G

≦3.0

?2.8

≦35     ≦0.20     ≦0.20     一

?2.3     ≦0.05     ≦0,12     一

≦30

ル15

S55C0.52の.58

O52-057

0.15-035

O.21-0.32

0.60-0.9G

n.67-0.84

≦3.0

?2.4

≦35  ≦0.20  ≦0.20  一?2.6     芸≦0.06     ≦0.14     一

≦30

?22

SMn4380.35-0.41

O.34-0.40

0.15-0.35

O.22の.27

1.35-1.65

P.40-159

≦3.0

?23

≦3.0     ≦0.25     …≦0.35     一

?2.0     ≦0,06     ≦0.22     一

≦30

?9

SMn4430.40-0.41

O.4(}一〇.46

0.1シ0.35

O.22-0.32

1.35-1.65

P.40-1.60

≦3.0

?2.7

≦3.0     ≦0.25     ≦0.35     一

?2.2     ≦0.10     ≦0.27     一

≦3G

?1G

SCr440 038-0.43

O.39-0.42

0.15-0.35

O.22-0.31

0.60-0.85

O.72-0.79

≦3.0

?1.9

≦3.0     ≦0.25  0.90-1.20     一

?1.3     ≦0.06  0,96-1.13      一

≦30

?1.3

SCM4350.33-0.38

O33-0.38

0.15-0.35

O.23-0.35

0.60-0.85

O.68-0.81.

≦3.0

?25

≦3.G     ≦0.25  0.90-L20  0.15-030

?2.7     ≦0,12  0.96-1.09  0.15-0.19

≦30

?工8

SCM4400.38過.43

O.38-0.43

0.15-035

O.22-0.29

0.6〔レ0.85

O.69-0.85

≦3.0

?2.4

董≦3.0     ≦0.25  0.90-1.20  0,15-030

?2.3     ≦q,23  0.96-1.11  0.15-0.22

≦30

?15

SNC631 027-0.35

O.28-0.35

0.15-0.35

O.23-0.31

0.35-0.65

O.5〔レ0。65

≦3.0

?2.0

墨…3.0  2.50-3.50  0.60-1.00     一

?1.6  2.62-2.84  0.72~0.94     一

≦3G

?13

SNCM4390.36-0.43

O37-0.43

0.15-0.35

O.21-0.32

0.60-0.90

O.66-0.79

≦3.0

?2.3

≦3.G  L 6{}一2.00  0,60-1.00  0,15-0,30

?2.4  1.63-1,92  0.69-0.92  0.16-0.26

≦3G

?13

SNCM4470.44尋.50

O.44-G.48

0.15-0.35

f.18-0.29

0.60-0.90

O.69-0.82

≦3.0

?15

≦3.G  1.60-2.00  0,60-1.00  0.15-0.30

?L7  1.66-1.80  0.73-0.81  0.工7-0.21.

≦30

?11

SUS403  ≦G.15

O.09-G.15

  ≦050

f.19-050

  ;≦1,00

O.3レ0.85

墨4.0

?2.9

≦3.0      ≦0.60   11.5-13.0      一

n2.2  0.08-0.29  11.7-12.8  0.02-0.!5

SUS430  ≦0.12

O.G6-0.10

  ≦0.75

f.30-0.59

  ≦1.00

O39-0.69

≦4.0

?3.9

≦3.0     -      16。0-18.0      一

?!.6  0.20-0.35  16。1-17.6  0.01-0.09

SUS304  ≦0.08

O.05-0.08

  ≦1.00

O.33-0.83

  ≦2.00

f.69-1.78

≦45

?3b

≦3.0  8.00-11.5  18。0-20.0     一

?2.8  8.3-10.28  18.2-19,6  0.07-0.32

   for respecti▽e types of steels. Tempering is to be

   performed a山igher, middle and lower tempera-

   tures of the range rnos重popularly used for the

   steel grade.

一All the treatments are conducted at NRIM using

   salt baths, with a batch consisting of 24 pieces of

  cut materials, of arbitrarily chosen 3 heats and

     with 8 pieces per heat.

  一 Statistical care is to be taken at every steps of

     work not to introduce unexpected bias in the

     results

  Table 3 gives the condition of heat treatment

applied to the test materials. As the result, typical Iow

carbon steel S25C was only normalized, ferritic

Page 8: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue PτQpertles of JIS Steels for Machine Structural Use 5

Tab且e 3. Kea毛tごeatme慣 temperatures ln 。C wlth alr cQoling (AC), water

quenching(WQ), oil quenchi臓g(OQ)or water cooling(WC)

Steel Normalizing Quench呈ng Tempering

30min hold 30min hold 60min hold

S25C 885ACS35C 865AC 865WQ 550WC 600WC 650WCS45C 845AC 845WQ 550WC 6GO WC 65GWCS55C 825AC 825WQ 550WC 600WC 650WCSMn438 870AC 8450Q 550WC 60GWC 650WCSMn443 870AC 8450Q 550WC 60GWC 650WCSCr440 870AC 8550Q 550WC 600WC 650WCSCM435 870AC 8550Q 550WC 600WC 650WCSCM440 870AC 8550Q 550WC 600WC 650WCSNC631 900AC 8500Q 550WC 6GO WC 65GWCSNCM439 870AC 8450Q 58GWC 630WC 68GWCSNCM447 87GAC 8450Q 580WC 630WC 680WCSUS403 9750Q 700WC 75GWCSUS430 815 AC (Annea垂ed)

SUS304 1G80 WC(Solution treated)

stainless steel SUS430 was annealed, and austenitic

stainless steel SUS304 was solution treated, as in

general usage of those materials. The other medium

to high carbon steels and low alloy steels were

normalized and quench-tempered, with martensitic

stainless steel SUS403, as well.

  Traditional materials control tests were conducted

at NRIM according to the respective JIS testing

methods:tests for non-metallic inclusions, hardness

after quench, austenitic/ferritic grain size number,

microscopic structure after heat treatments, etc.

  Steels S35C, S45C, SMn438 and SMn443 were not

fully transformed into martensite deep inside the

materials, even after rapid water quenching, and

presented partly ferritic or bainitic structures. The

other quenched low alloy steels showed ordinary fine

tempered-martensitic structures. No abnormality was

found for 3 grades of stainless steels.

  Austenitic grain size number was around 8 to 10 for

all materials, except for SUS304 which revealed 4 to

5.S25C and SUS430 presented ferritic grain size

number of 7 to g and 8 to 10, respectively. All

materials more or less exhibited longitudinal負brous

structures along the rolling direction.

  There microscopic aspects were taken in considera-

tion in the analysis, but will not be discussed here

except for necessary cases.

2.3 Test Pmcedures

2.3.1Mechanic段l Properties Tests

  Ordinary tensile, impact, and hardness properties

were determined at NRIM according to JIS methods

for every materials conditios, in order to obtain basic

mechanical characteristics.

  The specimen for tensi豆e test was standard cylin-

drical one having 8 mm in diameter and 40 mm in gage

length. Charpy test specimen was ordinary 10 mm×

10mm rectangular bar having 2 mm deep U-or

V-notches with root radius of!.000r O.25 mm,

respectively. Vickers hardness was measured at 196 N

on Charpy specimens before the test. Figure l gives

dimensions of the specimens.

  All the tests were replicated for 3 specimens per test

condition.

2.3.2 Fatigue Proper重ies Tests

  High-cycle fatigue tests were carried out under load

contro玉for the life range higher than 5×104 cycles.

Tests were conducted by determining∫一/>curve using

18specimens on average for each testing condition.

This number of specimens was empiricaUy chosen,

assuming that at least 2 tests are needed at each of 3 to

5stress levels to determine‘slope’part or員nite豆ife

region of 5-1>curve, and around 3 more tests at least

at each of 3 more levels to evaluate fatigue limit in

‘horizonta1’parし

  All tests were conducted according to the respective

Page 9: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

6 Satoshi NISH獄MA

140

(a)

})1)})1)1

80

遭55

1)1),)})1

M18x2.5

200

50

謹20

P

(a)蓉 2

(b)

55

27.5  275

i2

N

RO.25

iNi

45。

150

50

    U-notched                 V-notched

F星9.1 Specimens for(a)tensile test an(圭(b)Charpy

     imI)act test.

(b)

88

◎○

ら$

JISIISO, at room temperature in laboratory air, with

smooth round bar specimens of different shapes

depending on the testing machines. Specimens surface

was carefully machined to minimize the effect of

machining and且nished by Iongitudinal polishing with

600grade water p1・oof silicone carbide paper. Testing

machines were periodically calibrated and allocated

with statistical care so as to eliminate unexpected bias

in the resu豆ts.

  Various testing machines in the following are used,

with specimens of a common test section having

diarneterφ, at indicated frequencies avoiding heating-

up of specimens during tests:

  一Rotat孟ng bending withφ8mm specimens:27 sets

    of 4-point bending type machines at 50 Hz

    having capacity of 1000 N・m, and also 12 sets of

    cantilever bending type atレ10 Hz and 50 N・m

 -Torsional loading withφ8mm specimens:11 sets

    of mechanical resonance type at 33 Hz and 50

    N・m

  -Axial loading withφ6mm specimens:2sets of

    elect「o「nagnetic resonance type at 120-1601{z

    and 50 kN, and also 2 sets of servohydraulic type

    at 5-20 Hz and 50 kN

(c)

35

})ll

1)ll

                          M1.8xl

F藍9・2  Specirnens for fatigue test under(a)ro宅ating bendi礁9,

     (b) reversed torsion and (c) axia韮loading.

  Figure 2 gives dimensions of the specimens. Rotat-

ing bending fatigue tests were conducted for all the

materials conditions, but the orther tests were subject

to typical conditions because of test capability restric-

tions:torsional fatigue only for materials of medium

compositions, and axial fatigue for medium materials

wi.th medium heat treatments.

2.4 D滋aAnalyses

  Statistical analyses were conducted for the acquired

data from various point of views. Some were to伽d

useful correlations between different property values,

some were to check occasional anomaries in the data,

and some were to extract condensed property para-

meters from distributed data.

  Ordinary statistical computations are not described

here, but two original methods employed in this work

will need to be explained.

2・4・1 Simu糞taneous Regression

  In ordinary linear regress童Qn problem where a

model

     y-αλ:十わ                      (1)

Page 10: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Propertles of JIS Steels for Machine Structural Use 7

is considered,κis、independent variable which can be

set exactly at desired values in the measurement of y,

Asimple example for explanation would be the

weight of books for y and the number of pages foα. y

is cal正ed as dependent variabie and subject to statistic-

al variation. The coefncientαcan be estimated from

measured data, by minimizing the sum of squared

residuals in yう.or.l onκ一y co-ordinates the sum of

squared distances in the ordinate direction between

individual data and the regressed curve.

  SupPose nQw that the we孟ght y is plotted against the

thickness of bookl asκ. The latter should contain

stat量stica豆error, because it is also dependent on the

number of pages. In this case, the error is to be

considered both for y andκsimultaneously, as they

are equally dependent on the measurement condition.

  In such a circumstance, the sum of squared dis-

tances in the perpendicular direction from the curve

to each data point is to be minimized. This gives the

slope of regressed curve, as in the principle compo-

nent analysis, as25)

      α=V  (∬y/∬x)                    (2)

where∫5y and 33X are the variances of y andκ,

respectively.わis estimated as in the ordinary way,

      わ=(Σy一αΣ]κ)/η                 (3)

whereηis the number of data points.

  The method is widely used in analyzing the correla-

tion between different properties of materials in this

pape「・

2.4.2 Analysis of 5・1V Curve

  Statistical plann孟ng of fatigue tests and ana正ysis of

acquired data is in general not an easy problem.

  One of the particularities of fatigue data is that it

substantially involves tmncated data. Fatigue test can

be often suspended at prescribed number of cycles,

when it is conducted at low stress levels. The data is

called“truncated”in this case and gives information

only that the fatigue life is longer than that number of

cycles. A rough sketch of the analysis method is given

here, as the detail was reported already25・26).

  Probit analysis method is known to be applied to

those suspended data. It is in fact poss圭ble to know

relationship of the failure probability,ρ, to the stress

level, 3, by conducting replicated fatigue tests at

several Ievels of∫. Experimental data forρ is

calculated as the percentage of failed specimens at

each level, observed before the predetermined num-

ber of cycles for test truncation.

  In the Probit method, the sets ofρ一5 data can be

plotted on the normal probabiiity paper to be飴ed to

astraight line, assuming a normal distribution for the

distribution of fatigue strength. The mean of fatigue

strength is then known as the intersection of the fitted

line andρ窺50%, and the standard deviation as the

inverse of the siope of Iine. At Ieast two or more sets

of ρ一5 0bservations are needed to eva豆uate the

distribution, as the process requ孟res determination of

a straight line on the probability paper.

  However, only one set of data can be enough, if the

problem is to determine a stra孟ght line at a given

slope. This is the case that p-5 data is analy2:ed under

given standard deviation25). This method is in fact

very advantageous for the analys量s of ordinary small

sample 5-1>data, as those data rarely include enough

suspended data pertaining to several stress levels. The

question is how to find the standard deviation of

fatigue strength.

  The standard devlation can be approximated by the

root mean square of residuals from the薮tted mean

curve to the‘slope’part of 3-N data. The simul-

taneous regression method was used to盒t the slope

part data, considering that the source of scatter is

twofold, both in life and strength. The former is

intrinsic to the fatigue process itself, and the正atter is

due to the assumption that a same stress cannot cause

the same damage in different specimens because of

material.s strength variations. An experimental evi-

dence supPorts thお hypothesis25).

  In the present paper, a hockey stick type bi-1inear

3-1>curve is fitted to the data on互dg-log coordinates in

order to determine the parameters characterizing the

curve. They are:slope、4, knee point 2Vw in cycles,

fatigue limitσw in N/mm2. The equation of 5一ノ>curve

is then,

     y=/1{1κ一五)1一(κ一D)}/2+E              (4)

where y=logσ,κ瓢log/Vf, D=109/>㌧. and左=lo9σ雨.

  The 5一ノ>curve thus determined represents average

high cycle fatigue property of the materials at 50%of

fracture probability. Coef貸cient of variation CV in

fatigue strength can be calcuiated from the sum of

Page 11: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

8 Satoshi NlsHIJIMA

squared residuals from the curve. Example will be

shown星ater in chapter 4.

  It is note(i that the above-explained statistica豆

methOd iS in prinCiple the Same aS the One inVOIVed in

the standard method of statistical fatigue testing27)by

3apan Society of Mechanical Englneers(JSME).

Howeveτthe ac窒ual analysis was not dependent on the

standard, since the majority of the work was carried

out before the establishment of JSME standard.

3.Re艶rence Mechanical Properties of JIS Steels

  In this chapter wil玉be examined how the basic

mechanical properties vary according to the grade of

steels and following the heat treatments, and how

they can be correlated to each other.

3.1 Var董ation of Pmperties Due to Heat Treatment

  Figure 3 shows tensile strength data of vafious

quench-tempered steels plotted against tempe血g

temperature. All the data of 3 tests per materials

condition are plotted here. The band in each diagram

gives 95%con倉dence intervals of estimates obtained

by ordinary regression analysis, assuming linear reia-

tions between strength and temperature for these

temperature ranges, and at the same time, between

scatter of strength and temperature, as welL

  It is noted that the tensile strength is systematically

decreas童ng, together with its scatter, when the

tempering is conducted at higher temperatures. Simi-

lar tendency is observed for £he other strength

parameters, such as upper yield strength and/or O.2%

proof stress, true fracture strength and Vickers

hardneSS24).

  The data in Fig.1is suggesting that the same level

of strength could be attained with different grades of

steels by selecting apPropriate tempering tempera-

tures, while the scatter within the steel grade would

not be the same.

  Figure 4 dem6nstrates reverse dependence on

tempering temperature for elongation, where the

value is increasing with increasing temperaure!rhe

tendency is the same for the other ductility para-

meters, such as uniform elongation and reduction in

area. Charpy impact values at room temperature vary

in the same way, proving that they are oftern referred

as an index of ductility in practice. The work

hardening exponent behaves similarly to ductility

parameters, as it has been said to represent the

elongation at maximum load on true stress-strain

diagram.

  The systematic change in strength and ductility

ぐ置

2あ

2’笏

o

1100

1000

900

800

700

600   500

1300

S35C

\iこ1\

層、

600

S45C

彗\

    \

P、

1200

1100

1000

900

800  500

700500 600

S55C

\ 隔_ 、、

_  、

SMn438

慈.

SMn443 SUS403

峯\

\ 噛 、

\・ \気1ミ

700500 6GO 700500 600 700500 600 700600 700 800

SCr440

 \

_

600

‡ミ

SCM435

\も

700500

Fig.3

CM440 SNC631

薫亀\ , 、

、\ し

、季\ 、

S憩CM439

\●

SNCM447

キ\.

  600    700500    600    700500    60G    700530    630

                Tempering Tem2erature T(。C)

Relation of te臓slle strengthσB and temperlng temperature 7「.

730530 630 730

Page 12: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

 ゆ

.9

萄bD口

2

18

16

14

12

10

8

6 500

14

12

10

8

Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Mac勧ine S之ructural Use 9

S35C

十9

//

600

S45C

妻/鍵

0‡

6

4500

700500 600

S55C SMn438 SMn443 SUS403

 9

/, ’

P’

 o  θ^.

^ ρ

ρ

9

700500 600 7GO 500 600 700500 600 7006GO 700 800

SCr440 SCM435

/.

//  θ

ρ

600

SCM440

9

ρ

SNC631 SNCM439 SNCM447

,●

//

  φ@ ,@ρ

履 十.!富

 /

・/9

汐 7

700500    600   700500    6GO   700 500    600    700530    630

                   Temρering Tem勲era田re T(℃)

    Kg.4 Relation of elongatlonδand temρering temperature T.

350

730530 630 730

parameters with tempering is considered to be related

to the quench hardenabil重ty of steels. In fact, addition

of the alloying elements such as Mn, Cr and Ni

increase the hardness after quench with varying

degrees with their amount. In other words, it in-

creases the strength parameters and decreases the

ductility  parameters. This hardening  effeα  is

weakened by tempering with greater extent when the

tempering is performed at higher temperatures, re-

sulting the decrease in scatter between steels.

  It can also be seen in Fig.4that the change in

scatter of elongation associated with tempering

temperature is not unique for different steels. It

decreases as temperature increases for general cases,

but increases obviously for steels SCM435 and

SCM440, in contrast to the others.}iowever, the

reduction in area for the same steels revealed decreas-

ing scatters w貢h increasing temperature, as in general

steelS24).

  The increasing scatter with enhanced tempering,

observed for the elongation of SCM steels, can not be

explained by the general trend of quench-tempering.

Similar abnormal trend was found also for true

fracture strength and Charpy V-notch impact value

for the same SCM steels. It will need further study to

》30G

盤250謹

竈20G

>150

100

ム885℃nQrmalizedo550℃tempercd after quencho6000C tempered after quench◇瓢蓋empe「ed磨te「・目

           B・・日 。韻

        B。   o

o

日 日

   日日8

8   0

      00$

  0.20  0.25  0.30  0.35  α40  0.45  0.50  0.55  0.60

            Carbon Content C(mass%)

Fig.5 Typical variation ln Vlckers hardness Hy for carbon

     steels in function of carbon content C and heat

     treatments.

understand the cause of this trend, which can

seemingly be related to the instability at fracture for

that type of steels.

  Figure 5 shows typica豆dependence of Vickers

hardness, Hγ, on their carbon content, C%, for

carbon steels. The 95%confidence bands in the figure

were traced after regression analysis, assuming a

mathematical relation for quench-tempered steels,

     豆og(Hγ)==αIo9(C)一わIo9(273十7)+c     (5)

where T is tempering temperature andα,わand c are

constants.

Page 13: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

10 Satoshi NIS田」まMA

  It would be self-understanding that the hardness is

increasing with carbon contents for quench-tempered

steels, as£he quench hardenability is directly re豆ated

to the carbon contents. Hardness is also increasing for

normalized steels, as the amount of pearlitic structure

is increasing with carbon contents. The figure allows

to estimate the hardness range of other classes of

steels no乞tested in the program, such as S43C or S48C

steels, having O.40-0.46C and O.45-0.51C, respec-

tively。

  Quite similar results were obtained for the other

strength parameters as yield and tensile strengths and

contrary results for the ductility parameters as elonga-

tion and reduction in area24).

  Adetailed list of statistically analyzed results w韮l be

found in Appendix.

3.2 Corre藍田ion君etween Mechanlc翫l Propertles

  It is empirically known that good correlation is

o負en found between different mechanical properties

of metallic materials, as for example the one between

tensile strength and hardness, In some circumstances,

the mechanical property is said to be estimated

satisfactorily in an engineering sense from basic

materials para.meters such as hardness. Actual situa-

tion is shown in.the following.

3.2.1Monoto盤ic Strength P劉rameters

  Mechanical properties tested by a single application

of Ioad are oftern called‘monotonic’properties to

distinguish them from‘cyclic’ones obtained under

repeated loading characterizing fatigue.

  There are 5 monotonic strength parameters de-

duced from the test, namely, upper yield strength,

0,2% proof stress, tensile strength, true fracture

strength, an(i Vickers hardness. Statistical analyses

were carried out to find significant correlations be-

tween them, and some typical ones wiU be displayed

in the following figures.

  In each figure the 95%confidence bands are shown

for of estimates obtained by the simultaneous regres-

sion method explained above. The analysis was

conducted on lo9-10g coordinates by changing the

materials grouping and the results presenting max-

imum coverage was shown in the figure.

  Figure 6 shows typical dependence of O.2%proof

stress on tensile strength. It is interesting t()note that

ρE…

 禦

2窪

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

÷ S25C・}  S35C. S45C, S55C

  SMn438, SMn443・{  SCr440. SCM435. SCM440  SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM447△ SUS304▽  SUS430           0

◇ SUS403

                  口                  ε

o

o

    400   500   600   700   800  .900  10{〕{)  1100  1200  1300

             Tensiie StrengthσB(N/mm2)

F量g。6 Re垂ation of O.2%proof stress%,2 to tensile strength

     σB・

ρ長

Eを

 ざ

転ぎ

ζ

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

 △込

念ム

+ S25Cロ}S35C. S45C, S55C

 lSM目438、 SMn443

o

 SCr440. SCM435, SCM440・}、。C631.S。CM439、 S。CM、4

△ SUS304▽ SUS430◇SUS4〔〕3

    4〔X〕  5〔X〕  600   700   800   900  1{}{X}  1100  1200  130G

                             つ             Tensile Streng芝hσB(N/mmつ

F童g。7 Relation of true fracture strengthσr to tenslle strength

     σB・

many quench-tempered carbon and low alloy steels

behave quite similarly, together with 13Cr stainless

steels SUS403, as they all have high-temperature

tempered martensitic(HTTM)structures. Another

grouping is poss孟ble for normalized low carbon stee}s

S25C having ferrite-pearlite (FIP) structures and

annealed 17Cr stainless steels SUS430 having ferritic

structures, Fig.6, while they are tentatively incorpo-

rated in the HTTM group. The third group is solution

treated 18Cr-8Ni stainless steels SUS304 with austeni-

tlc structures.

  Figures 7 and 8 reveal similar dependence of other

monotonic properties on tensile strength/rrue frac-

ture strength in Fig.7is considered to be the Iimiting

property of the matrix at severely deformed state,

whereas Vickers hardness in Fig.8 refiects the

resistance of matrix at local deformation. HTTM

Page 14: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Baslc Fatigue Pro麹erties of JIS Steels for Machlne Structural Use 11

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

+ S25C司 S35C, S45C, S55C

 SMn438, SMn443

・{  SCr44{》. SCM435. SCM44〔}

  SNC631.SNCM439、 SNCM447ム  SUS3〔,4

V SUS430◇ SUS4〔〕3      0

         び1     口

        o

   40{7  500   600  700  800  900  100G  HOO  正200  i300

                            つ             Tensile S!rcngthσ白(Nlmmつ

Ei霧.8 Relation of Vickers hardness Hγto tensile streng由

     σB・

8〔〕

蕊60ざ

憲 40ぎ

2国

2G

0

・1

S25CS35C. S45C, SS5C

SMn438. SMn443

SCr44{〕, SCM435.SCM440

SNC631.SNCM439.・SNCM447層目S304SUS431⊃SUS403

o

  4{}0   500   6{,0   700   8(}0   900  1{}0{}  1ioθ  玉2e{}  置300

           Tcnsile StrcngthσB(N/mmz)

Fig.10 Relation of elonga£lonδto tensile strengthσ8,

ρ盲

へz 

ち含

1200

正〔〕{x〕

800

6〔x}

40{〕

20〔〕

+ S25C・{ S35C, S45C, S55C

 SMn438, SMn443・{ SCr440, SCM435. SCM440 SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM447△ SUS304ワ SUS430◇ SUS403

                 口浮

             ロ ロ

    100     150     200     250     3〔}0      350     400

                Vickers Hardness Hγ

Fig・9  RLelatio翻of G.2%proof stressσヒ〕.2 to Vまckers hardness

     ∫ノγ.

90

80

70

60

50

40

ASUS3{}4

VSUS43(⊃

◇SUS403

+S25C S35C, S45C. S55C

 SMn438, SMn443・l SCr440, SCM435, SCM440 SNC631,SNCM439. SNCM447

   40{〕  5GO   6◎0   700   800   900  1000  1100  1200  1300

             Tensiie Strengthσ拾(Nlm組2)

F韮9。1茎  R.elation of reduction in areaφto tensi垂e strengthσB.

materials behave always in one group, but the

grouping of F/P materials is not unique. The behavior

of FIP materials seems to be dependent on the amount

of plastic deformation which is brought about when

the property in question is measured.

  In Fig.9where proof stress and Vickers hardness

are correlated, the group FIP is closer to the other

groups, the reason being assumed that the two

properties are determined both at relatively small

Plastic strains.

  For austenitic stainless steels the behavior is be-

lieved to be more deformation sensit玉ve than FIP

steels. They are character童zed with the lowest proof

stresses and the highest true fracture strengths for

materials of same strength levels, as can be seen in

Figs.7 and 8, implying their pronounced work

hardenability.

 The ratio of tensile strength in N/mm2 to Vickers

hardness,σ珍/Hy, is determined for the present data,

as

  一Ferritic stainless steels, SUS430:

  一HTTM carbon and low alloy steels:

  一Low carbon F/P steels, S25C:

  一Austenitic stain互ess steels,SUS304:

3.2.2 Monotonlc Ductility Parameters

2.91

3.12

3,44

4.00

  Flgures iO to 12 show typical monotonic ducti三ity

parameters obtained from tensile test. They are all

decreasing with increasing strength, but in various

WayS frOm CaSe tO CaSe.

  The relationship between elongation and tensile

strengt葦}, Fig.10, seems to be unique for different

microstructural groups of steels, except for austenitic

steels. However, the grouping becomes far complex

when reduction in area is plotted against tensile

Page 15: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

12 Satoshi NISHIJIMA

0.35

  0.31}二

二・・25

ぎ〔〕.20

’≡

濤0.15

着。.10

0.05

0

葎十

△SUS3〔.,4

▽SUS43(.}

◇ SUS403

慶△

9△

+S25C。lS35C・S45C・S55CiSMn438. SMn443

・{

 SCr440, SCM435, SCM440

 SNC631.SNCM439. SNCM447

8

巳 邑

  ・%

o

o

    4{}G   5(,0   6{〕0   7〔}0   80G   900  1〔X}0  正10G  l200  1300

              Tensile Stre駿gthσb(N/!nmユ)

Fig議2 Re互ation of work hardening exponentηto tensile      strength (乃3.

 

曽’旧

名お

ゼ 

030

0.25

0.20

0..裏5

0.10

0.05

翰十

      蒔▽

種v

   ▽聾

      ▽

+ S25C  S35C, S45C、 S55C

  SMn438, SMn443

・{

  SCr44〔1, SCM435. SCM440・l

  SNC631,SNCM439、 SNCM【447△ SUS3{}4

v SUS430◇  SUS403

◇雛

o

    0     0.3   0.4    05   0.6    0.7   0.8    0.9     i

                 Yie!d Ratioσb2/σ琶

Fig.14 Relation of work hardening exponentηto yie1(至ratio

      σb.2/σ白、

  80

  70

ハ§609く)=

¢ 50.9

ぎ402国  30

∈≡

δ

踏 20

  10

00

+ S25C・} S35C, S45C. S55C

 SMn438. SMn443・} SCr440, SCM435, SCM440 SNC631.SNCM439, SNCM447△ SUS304▽ SUS430◇ SUS403

緒・

  10    20    30    40    50    60    70    80   90

           Eiongationδ(%)

Relation of uI}至forrn elongation δu to elongat三〇賑 δ.

6へ 350慈

。 嵩300

葺250昆

葺2〔玲

莞150Qも

ち 100早

   50

2・

・簿

 ◇

◇◇

      Q ◇  o  oo

  8。。o

。  禽     留&

o日

ロSMn438, SMn443 SCr440. SCM435,SCM440・{

 SNC631,SNCM439、 SNCM447 SUS4〔〕3

q

σ

o

o

oOo(6

o

F藍9.13

o

    6{X}    7{Xl    8〔}0    9〔}〔}    1{X}{}   1!〔X}   1200    13【}O

                              つ              Tじnsiie Sτrcngthσ1玉(N/mmつ

Fig」5 Relation of U-notch Charpy lmpact value Eσto      tens呈韮e strcngth (η3.

strength, Fig.11. Even within HTTM structures,

carbon and low-alloy steels do not behave in the same

way・

  It is considered that the correlation between prop-

erties is in principle different for different microstruc-

tures for those highly deformed fanges. On the

contrary, the work hardening exponent which was

deduced for p藍astic deformations ranges of 2-5%for

HTTM stee豆s and 4-10% for the others, Fig.!2,

shows no clear discrepancy within HTTM steels.

  Figure 13 shows the relation of uniform elongation

between total elongation. It suggests different de-

formation stabilities of microstructures against neck-

ing. Austenitic steels show the highest stability here,

as the ratio of uniform to conventional elongations is

near O.9,}{町M carbon and low alloy steels the

lowest with the ratio less than O.5, and ferritic steels

between the two.

  Figure 14 correlates work hardening exponent of

different groups of steels with yield ratio. This can be

understood that the relative stress increm.ent from

yield to ultimate tensile strengths, (0拾一〇b.2)/σ盆, is

more directly related to the work hardening. It is

observed only in this負gure that martensitic stainless

steels SUS403 show different response from the other

HTTM steels.

  Figure 15 represents relation of Charpy impact

values to tensile strength for HTTM low alloy steels.

U-notched specimens are generally used in JIS for low

alloy steels, whi.le for carbon steels are specified only

with V-notched specimens. The results for HTTM

carbon steels are not represented here but quite

similar to those in Fig.15.

  There is no substantial difference between the

Page 16: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine Stmctural Use 13

ρ300塁

言250

葦…

昼15・

ξ…

150

   0

ロSMn438, SMn443 SCr440, SCM435. SCM440・{

 SNC63i.SNCM439, SNCM447

o

   む。 。亀。。

o

0      50      100     150     200     250     3GO

      U-notch Charpy Impact.Va沁e E、、(」/cm2)

 Relation of V-notch Charpy lmpact value Eγto that

 of U-notch Eひ

800

7GO

ゆ∈

遅600

とご沼

あ500

F藍9」6

400

SCM440600。C芝empcred

Rotating Bendlng

十++÷ @+調…5慮

÷   柵       十

十十   十   十 十十

十十トシ2516

6工6

十  胴レ 2

80

7G

60

50

350

   104   105   106   107   108               Number of Cycles留

F董g。18 Typical&/V diagram showlng rotating bendingξatigue

      propertles of SCM440 steel tempered at 60G。C a£ter

      quench. Numbers in the農gure in6icate those of

      runout speciments at the test stress leveL

ぐ已

£

o貯

鷲〉

a島

嘉Qもち

300

250

200

150

1oo

OSMn438. SMn443・} SCr440. SCM435. SCM44〔}

 SNC631,SNCM439、 SNCM447◇  SUS403

日。δ口

o

o

・・。  ・。魯。

    Φ  80

oo

・象

・鷺◇

o

   5%5 50 55 60 65 70 75 80              Reduction in Areaφ(%)

F量g.17 Relation of’U-notch Charpy impact value石σto

      reduction j膝 area φ.

results with U-notched specimens and V-notched,

excepting that the former give 1.2 times豆arger values,

as can be seen in Fig. 16.

  Figure 17 shows that the Charpy impact value at

room temperature can be directly correlated to the

reduction in area, independent to the classes of

HTTM steels. This explains why the impact value is

often referred to evaluate monotonic ductility of the

engineering materiaiS.

4. Ref¢rence Fat韮gue Properties of JIS Stee韮s

  Figure!8 shows a頁example of 5-2>data obtained

for SCM440 steels tempered at 6000C after normaliz-

ing and quenching. Curves represent, from Iower to

upper, responses at 10, 50 and 90%  of failure

probabilities, respectively, obta量ned after the analysis

by the bi-linear curve fitting explained above. There

are in total 303 data points pertaining to 15 different

heats, which are collectively analyzed in this case.

  Analysis was of course made for each set of

individua豆heat, but the results are not given here.

There have been found some interestlng statisticaI

trends,ミuch as the slope of 5一ハ1 curve increases and

the k:nee point decreases, with increasing materials

strength, Details can be found in a separate report25),

and are not described here。

  Afull list of analyzed data will be given in

Appendix for information. It gives 5-!>curve para-

meters for each grade of steels under different董oad

cond量tions.5-1>curves are analysed for the plot on

ordinary stress scale and for normalized stress scales

both by tensile strength and Vickers hardness as we1L

4.1 Variation of F劉tigue Strength due to He滋Treat-

ment

  Figure 19 shows the variation of fatigue properties

under rotating bending determined at each materials

conditions in this work. The results for S25C and

SUS304 are not given here and can be found in

Appendix. As far as the fatigue limit is concerned, it

revealed very similar dependence on tempering

temperature to the monotonic strength parameters

shown earlier:it was decreasing w童th its scatter with

lncreaslng temperature・

  The dependence on tempering temperature was

generally the same for fatigue strengths under torsion-

al and axial loading. They were also found to be

correlated to the carbon content in the same way as

Page 17: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

14 Satosh呈NISHIJIMA

ρ蓬

ζbタ

.蟹

’コ

.聾

匹bD

,頸

oq⇒

の.頸

550

50G

450

400

350

S35C

30禦0〔〕

650

600

S45C‡

鋒/

700500

津 S55C

季\

\藁

SMn438十

\  千

‡\‡+

‡\

  野

も、季

‡ ’

SMn443

‡\

÷ ’

\+

600

SUS403

達  十

6GO

600

550

500

450

400

700500 600 700500

SCr440

+捧,

50G 600

SCM435

峯\

   竃十.

\藝

F藍9.19

 \

CM440

訟。

o

600 700500 700600 70G 800

SNC631

毒‡\

馬\ 、

,し

勲.、

+荘、

SNCM439

SNCM447

700500    60G   700500    600    700500    600    700530   630    730530    63G

                  Tempering Temperature T(oC)

Relation of fatigue limit under rotating bendingσwと, and tempering temperature 7∴

730

 ぐセ700E乞

 多600

b’

マセニ

目500雪

.曽

鋤400課

6器

qコ300警

’尾

歪2・・

・{

S25CS35C, S45C, S55C

SMn438, SMn443SCr440, SCM435. SCM440SNC631、SNCM439, SNCM447SUS304SUS430SしFS4(.〕3

        ◇

贈細

o

o

函 △

   4〔匠)  500   600   700   800   9GO  IOOO  1100  1200  玉300

             Tensile Stre職gthσB(N/mm2)

Fig.20 Re垂ation of fatigue limit under rotating bendingσwb

      to tensiie strength σB.

ゆ∈

,二

.曽

.9

β

忌日

500

400

3〔.}0

2〔}0

100

+ S25C

・{§認醜緒魁・} SCr44〔1、 SCM435. SCM440

 SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM447△ SUS304▽ SUS430

◇SUS403             口

評口

津/ぜ

鯨蹄諦。

o

Fig.21

400   500   60G  700  800   9〔}0  100(,  1100  120〔, 1300

                        つ         Tensile StrengthσB(N!mmつ

  Relation of fatigue lim三t under reversed tors呈onτw to

  tensile strength σB.

shown in Fig.5. It can be concluded that the fatigue

strength behave substantially in the similar way to the

monotonic strength parameters,

4.2 Correlation 8etween F飢igue Stre盤gth 3nd

Mech段nical Properties

  Typical correlation of fatigue s£rength to mechanic-

al properties can be fourld in the following.

  Figure 20 shows the relation of fatigue limit un(ler

rotating bending to tensile strength of all the materials

teste(墨. There is c豆ear dependence on the microstruc-

tures:HTTM carbon and low alloy steels are all in a

band where mean coefncient of proportionality is

O.542with standard deviation of O.0233. S25C steels

with F/P structure and SUS304 at austenitic structure

are placed at the bottom,with the mean coefficient of

O.496and O.492, respectively, and ferritic SUS430

steels at the highest, with O.611.

  Similar relations are obtained for fatigue limits

under reversed torsion, Fig.21, and under axial

loading at reversed tension-compression and at repe-

ated tension, Figs.22 and 23, respectively. The range

of scatter was not shown in these figures except for

Page 18: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fadgue Propertles of JIS Steels for Machlne Structural Use 15

  ρ  塁

  喜

都響喜

700

6GO

500

400

300

200

+S25C・1§薪禽3§1鳩譲f

・l SCr440, SCM435. SCM440 SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM44 0                    0(9ムSUS304vSUS430◇SUS403

〆 口

。口

     o(o

   ’。

  『『ロ

%・

8。o o

     400  500  600  700  800   9〔}0  1000  1100  1200  1300

               Tensile StrengthσB(N!mm2)

Fig.22 Relatioq o£fatigue limit under reverscd tension-

      compressionσ宙to tensile s之rengthσ拾.

 e駐700量

36α〕

コ5008

.…夕

凱400響

筍き

q自3〔}0

歪2{沿

S25CS35C, S45C, S55C

SMn438, SMn443SCr44G. SCM435. SCM440

SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM447SUS304SUS430SUS403

o   口

0

蕪霧 o

    100     150     200     250     300     350     400

               V孟ckers Hardness Hレ

Fig。24  R.elation of fatigue limi宅under rotating bendingσ~v疑,

      to Vickefs hardness 1ゴ「y.

ρ岳

 b5.℃=

の端

.9

9器

500

400

300

200

1(瓶

v▽

塾+

。口

諮。

o

o

     む oo(P 8&。嗣.

+ S25C・川止急3§1目皿説老。

。}1認£9i際錨織霧『錨盤監447

△  SUS3(,4

▽  SUS43{[

◇ SUS403

    00   5σ0   60〔》  700   800   900   1000   蓋100  1200  1300

                              つ              Tensi聖e Strengthσ白(N/mmつ

F藝g.23 Relation of£atigue limlt under repeated tensionσb to

      tenSile Strength σ后.

冷座

 ゴ

箋己

.9ρ

,2

£

冨誠

500

300

200

100

・{

・1

S25CS35C, S45C, S55C

SMn438, SMn443SCr440, SCM435, SCM440SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM447

△ SUS304▽ SuS430◇ SUS403

   巳旧

/ 〆

ゆ晒 o

麟簿

    200      300       4GO      5GO       60G      700

         R・tating Bending Fatigue Llmit%(N/mm2)

Fig.25 Relation of fatigue limit under reversed毛orsion恥to

      fatigue llmlt under rotating bendingσ寅b・

HTTM materials, as the number of test was too small

fOr the OtherS. The relatiOn iS alWayS in the Same

tendency as seen in Fig.20, suggesting systematic

relat量ons between fatigue strengths under different

loading con(韮itions.

  The results shown above imply that the fatigue limit

can be pred童cted frorn tensile strength of the mate-

rials. It should be noted however that the tensile

strength given in ordinary mill sheet is not to be

simply used for the prediction, The mill sheet reports

generally the chemical composition and typicaI

mechaRical properties on test coupons, whose s孟ze

and heat treatment conditions may not be the same as

those for the actua互situat孟on.

  Figure 24 gives the relation of fatigue l孟mit under

rotating be鍛ding and Vickers hardness. The correla-

tion is excellent in this case, with negligible difference

between mater童als group of different microstructures.

Following mathematical expression can be used,

    豆09(σwb)篇0.92310g(Hγ)+0.417±0.0197    (6)

where the value a負er the compound sign is standard

erroL This error corresponds to the coef負cient of

variation of 454% in σwb, telling that the 95%

con且dence interval for the estimate is 8.9% for all

materials in this case.

  Similar relation is found for the other fatigue

strengths, but with some dependence on rnicrostτuc-

tures. In gase of HTTM steels, the following ratios to

Hy may be used for rough estimation of fatigue

strengths:

  一 for rotating bending:              1.69

  - for reversed torsion:               1。13

  -for reversed tension-compression:     1.66

  Fatigue strengths under reversed torsion and re一

Page 19: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

16 Satoshi NlsHIJI騒A

 ㌃700嚢

♂60G崔

識  500霧

.鱒

  400

300

200

く・

・1

・{

S25CS35C、 S45C. S55C

SMn438, SMn443SCr440, SCM435, SCM440SNC63ユ.SNCM439, SNCM447SUS3{〕4

SUS430SUS403

ノ〆

【】

勉的♂

   θo

 o  oo

o

o

     20〔}      30G       400      500       600       7〔}O

          Rotating Bending Fatigue Limitσ宙b(N/mmユ)

Fig,26 Relation of fatigue limit under reversed tensiQn-

      compressionσ、v to fatまgue韮im玉t under rotating bend-

      mgσ尋b・

ぐ∈

ε

餐∈

800

600

400

200

0

Fatiguc Limit Line

こ\ミ  ’

        、 、            800

          700

       490

+ S25C・l S35C, S45C, S55C

 SMn438, SMn443。{

《〉

gOO 1000

SCr4401 SCM435,SCM440SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM447

SUS304SUS430SUS403

  Tensile Strength

  1100N/mm2

Yield Limit Line

    0      200      400      600    800      10GO    1200

               Mean Stressσ出(N/mm2)

Fig。28 Fatigue墨imit diagram relati鶏g amplitudeσa and mean

      σ血of ma宅erials atごifferent tensile strength levels.

ぐ已

E≡

)bコ

ニ.舅

の器

L琴

「笏

500

400

300

200

1oo

琴+

口・移

。 El◇

       。o

     庵8も

  。、盛

口    Q

ロ ロ

o

o

+ S25C lS35C・S45C、S55COiSMn438. SMn443。i  SCr44〔}, SCM435.SCM440

  SNC631.SNCM439、 SNCM447

△ SUS304▽ SUS43〔}◇  SUS4〔⊃3

200       3(,0       400       500       600       700

                                   つ  Revesed Tension-Compression Fatigue Llmitσ壷(N/mmっ

  Relation ofねt1gue limit under repeated tensionσh to

  fatigue l圭mlt unδer reversed tenslon-compressionσ雨.

800

ρ已 600葺

省4GOヨ

=鳥厳

く  200認

Fatiguc Limit Line

Fig.27

00

’、 黶@200

140

250

+ S25C・l  S35C. S45C, S55C

  SMn438. SMn443  SCr440, SCM435, SCM440・l

  SNC63玉.SNCM439. SNCM447ム SUS304▽ SUS430◇ SUS403

    Vickers Hardness

300   350

Yield Limlt Llne

Eig.29

   200      40G      600     800     .1000     1200

         Mea轟Stressσ血(N/mm2)

Fatlgue llm呈t diagram relating amplitudeσゑand mean

σ血of materials at dlfferent hardness levels.

verse(至tension-compression are plotte(i in Figs.25 and

26, respectively, against rotating bending fatigue

strength. Here again the behabior is slightly differe慌

for steels with di£ferent microstructures.

  Figure 27 gives the relation between fatigure

strengths under repeated tension and under reversed

tenslon-compresslon. A general ratio of O.78 is foun(i

for HTTM steels of higher strengths, while it is

variable for steels of lower strengths and higher

ductilities,

  The same data is expressed as Haigh’s diagram,Fig.

28,in relation of amplitude to mean stress of fatigue

limit for different strength levels of steels. In this

diagram, fatigue limit hnes are combined to yield limit

lines, indica重ing之hat the materials can be used without

failure in zones under each curve. The lowest curve

labeled 490 N/mm2 in tensile strength represents the

trend for S25C steels.

  Figure 29 is. again the same data but expressed fof

different hardness levels of steels.

  The slope of fatigue limit lines for HTTM steels is

O.267 0n average.

  It is to note here that the austenitic stainless steel

SUS304 can be heated-up when cyclically Ioaded at

high frequencies. The fatigue data refered above was

obtained at enough low cyclic rates to keep specimens

at r・・m temperature28).

4.3 Cychc Parameters

  In parallel to the high-cycle fatigue tests for FDS

program, strain-controled low-cycle fatigue property

was investigated for some materials conditions29). The

results were not included in the referred FDS as the                                      ,

Page 20: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Propertles of JIS Steels for Machine Structuτal Use 17

ρ霞

召む器

bの

逗、2

・裁

Q

800

600

400

200

0

÷ S25C・{ S35C, S45C, S55C

 SMn438, SMn443・{ SCr440, SCM435, SCM440 SNC631,SNCM439, SNCM447ム SUS304▽ SUS430

◇SUS403

!!

/!

1/

!ノ

o

σ,。=0・631σ・

O  oo

     0      200     400     600     800     1000    1200

            Tenslie S重rengεhρb(N/mm2)

Fig・30  Relation of cyclic y至e至d strengthσyc重。 tens圭le stτength

      σB・

竃紹

 (800 ρセ

 遷 乙  ♂600.§ε

塁ぎ

氏潟貫の4000  0

9義.§慧

 儀200

+ S25C・{ S35C, S45C, S55C

 SMn438, SM罷443・{ SCr440, SCM435,SCM440 SNC631, SNCM439, SNCM447ム SUS304▽ SUS430◇ SUS403

馬漏0・865σy、

     o

  Q o   OO

                   ◇

                  む             ・▽申・㌃餌0.677σ,。

ノ三ゑタ恥554匁

 多タノφ

    0     0    100    200   300   400   500    600   700    800

           Cyclic Yield Strength(lyc(N/mm2)

Fig.31 Relation of fa重lgue limi重under reversed tension-

      compress呈on σ㍊ to cyclic yield strength σyc・

work was conducted in view of obtaining prehminary

data for the succeeding serles of FDS program. More

comprehensive data can be found孟n other FDSpublication17)一22), which w孟ll be subject to another

FDS TechnicaI Documents in preparation.

  It is already known that the cyclic stress-strain

relationship in low-cycle regime is of substantial

importance to characterize fatigue of materials. In

fact, well-annealed materials is easy to be deformed,

as the dislocation density is low in the matrix. By the

apPlication of cyclic strains, the density is increased in

matrix and stabilized at a state reHecting the range of

strains. The materials is then cyclicaHy hardened to a

degree characteristic to the dislocation structures.

  On the contrary, apPlication of cyclic strains can

decrease the dislocation density, when it was initially

at very high stages as in quenched or severely

cold-worked materials.The materials is then cyclically

softened. The stable densities of dis夏ocations in both

cases are characteristic to the strain range, and

particularly to the metallurgical structure of materials.

The stress-strain relationship of cyclically stabilized

materials ls therefore a key property reHecting the

dislocation mobility in matrix, and thus the fatigue

behavior of the materials.

  St「ess-strain response of cyclically stabilized mate_

rials is determined by the incremental step test in the

present paper. Mateials, experimental conditions and

ana玉yzed results are reported in an earlier paper29).

Here wi玉l be discussed only about the relationship

between fatigue strength and cyclic yield strength,σyc,

de行ned as O.2%offset stress on the stress-strain curve

at cyclically stabilized state.

  Figure 30 shows first the relatlon of cyclic yield

strength to tensile strength of test materials. Cyclic

yield was determined only for materlals conditions

where axial fatigue properties were investigated. As

seen in the 盒gure, there is a proportional re董ation

between the two as a whole. In closer view, however,

the coef費cient of proportionality童s somewhat higher

for three stainless steels,詑. ferritlc SUS430, austenitic

SUS304, and martensitic SUS403, than the other

HTTM carbon and low alloy steels.

  Figure 31 compares axial fatigue limit under re-

versed tension-compression and cyclic y童eld strength.

It is to note that魚e fatigue Iimit is systematically

lower than the cyclic yield strength with varying

degrees for different microstructural groups of steels,

In this case, different proportionahties are disting-

uishe(玉, as indicated in the ngure. The ratioσ穏/σyc is

  - for}{Tv11M steels:                0.86

  -F/Psteeis:                   0.68

  - austenitic steels:                055

  1n conclusion, the two intrinsic character重stics, that

the cyclic yield strength is dependent on the monoto-

nic tensile strength, and that the fatigue strength is

determined by the cyclic yield strength, are cons孟一

dered to be the cause of many correlations betweeH

different monQton孟。 and cycl孟。 properties.

5。 Factors Affect韮聡g Fatig聡e Propert韮es

Here w圭ll be discussed two important factors which

Page 21: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

18 Satoshi N王sHIJIMA

often de蝕itively affect fatigue properties of mate-

rials. One is毛he chemical composition governing the

hardness after quench, and therefore de触ing mecha-

nical properties of HTTM s乾tels. The other is the

presence of non-meta且ic inclusions in the matrix

which provides the initiation site of fatigue cracks

through stress concentration effect.

5.】L Quench Hardenability of Steels

  The hardness of a steel after quench is basica11y

de負ned by lts chemical composition. Higher contents

of carbon, chromium, nickel, etc,, are favorable for

quench hardening. It is also de負nitive玉y affected by

the cooling rate a毛the quench, More the cooling rate

is fast, rnore the hardening is effective, in general.

The core part of thick materials is often found to be

not perfectly hardened even by rapid cooling. This is

known as the mass effect in quenching,

  The quench hardenabiHty can be expressed by an

index Z)1 caUed ideal critical diameter, It is an

imaginary size of cylindrical specimen, having length

a£4times of its diameter, presenting a core structure

with 50%martensite by an ideal quenching at enough

high cooling rate at materials surf孕ce. The ideal

critical diameter is one o負he parameters intrinsic to

the materials quality and independent of its size and

quenching conditions.

  Ideal critical diameter of low alloy steels can be

predicted in general by the primary austenite grain

size number GS, carbon content C, and hardenability

coef負cient f(.)of each element in the steel. Note that

the term Iow alloy steehs used for steels with 5%

maximum of total alloying elements。 Following ex-

pression is used in this paper:

    D∬=D/B・んズんかん〆ん。プ刃∫(mm)      (7)

    D∬β=(1294一α622・GS)>C

   ん,=!+0.699 Si, Si≦0.40

   んηr1+3,344 Mn,0.60≦Mn≦0。90

   ノヒ7,.=・/+2.160 Cr, Cr≦1.30

   ん。=i+3,014Mo,0,15≦Mo≦035

   五v汗1+0.364Ni, Ni≦2.80

where the amount of alloy童ng element is evaluated in

mass%.Factors in each equation of the hardenability

coef負cient are derived by least squares且tting of data

in the table A30f ASTM A255 standard30).

  Table 4 compares typical values of the ideal critical

Tab且e 4. Ideal Cr圭tical Diameter for Low Alloy Steels Tested

SteeI Typ圭cal cQmposition     DI (mm)

S25C 025C 4

S35C 0.35C 5

S45C 0.45C 5

S55C G55C 6

SMn438 038C-15Mn 35

SMn443 0.43C-15Mn 37

SCr440 0.40C-1Cr 72

SCM435 0.35C-1Cr-0.2Mo 98

SCM440 0.40C-1Cr-0.2Mo 110

SNC631 0.31C-2.7Ni-G.8Cr 78

SNCM439 G.39G1.8Nl-0.8Cr-0.2Mo 150

SNCM447 0,47C-1.8Ni-0.8Cr-0.2Mo 165

800

ミ600塗

曇400

200

       SCM440       (φ19mm)

SCM435(φ22mm)

S35C(φ22mm)

       1086420246810         Distance from Central Axis(mm)

Fig.32 Typical hardness distfibutions after quench.

diameter for the grades of steels investigated. Grain

size number GS is assumed constant for si.mplicity and

set as GS=8. It is clear that the carbon steels are far

inferior to the other low alloy steels, while SNCM

steels are superior, in the ideal critical diameter. It is

to note that this table gives only an information to

understand general trend of quench hardenability for

different steels and does not provide quantitative

index allowing to predict their賑ardness.

  Figure 32 shows, as an example, the actual situation

for three grades of steels in the present work. It shows

Vickers hardness distributions of steels after qugnch

determined along an ax童s perpendicular to and at

mid-length of the cylindrical bar stock of 200 mm

long, Carbon steel S35C and Cr-Mo steel SCM 435

reveal a same high hardness at the surface, as they

hε≒ve sarne carbon content of O・35%, but present

Page 22: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigロe Properties Qf JIS Stee互s for Machine Structural Use

different lower hardness values near the center

according to their ideal critical diameters. Another

steel SCM440, containing O.40%of carbon, gives a

higher and nat hardness distribution, proving its

higher carbon content and therefore larger ideal

critical diameter.

  The different hardness after quench is in general

inherited after tempering,. and thus causes difference

in mechanical properties. In the present work, the

grain size was not greatly different between test

materials regardless of steel grades and heats/lots

from different companies, as described earlier in 2.2.

The heat-to-heat variation of quench hardenability

was found dependent almost on the variation in the

content of carbon and other alloying elements.

  It would not become possible, however, to predict

final mechanical properties only from the chemical

composition, because. there are still many other

inHuencing factors, such as size and surface conditions

which also affect the cooling rate. The problem is

particularly complex for the fatigue performance,

which could definitely be changed by the presence of

non一肌etallic inclusions, as described next.

5.2 Ef6ect of Non・Metallic Inclusions

  As shown earlier in 4.2,. fatigue str.ength increases

in general with increasing monotonic strength, in

apProximately proportional way. However, by more

careful observation, the scatter of fatigue.strength at

given monotonic strength is found to be asymmetric,

as can be seen for example in the relation of fatigue

limit to hardness, Fig,24. There are more data lying

19

1ower outside. of the confidence band. The reason for

this occasional drop in fatigue strength of some

heats/lots is explained.by the harmful effect of

nOn-metalliC inCIUSiOnS.

  In fact, special steels as investigated in this FDS

program contain generally small amount of non-

metallic inclusions. Type, size and quantity of non-

metallic inclusions are variable according to the steel

making process and steel grades. The presence of

inclusions is in principle harmful especially for high-

cycle fatigue performance, as they can be the initia-

tion source of fatigue cracks through their stress

concentration eff6ct.

  Photo l is a typical example of fatigue crack

initiated at a non-metallic inclusion. It shows the

fracture surface of rotating bending fatigue specimen

of SMn438 steel tested at 400 N/mm2 and failed at

3.46×105cycles. On low magnification view at the

left, radial lines-like feature tells that the fracture

initiated from a defect at the top surface of the

specimen;at high magnification on the right, this

defect is found to be a globular composite of

nOn-metalliC inCIUSiOnS.

  For carbon and low alloy steels tested in this

program, the nQn-metallic inclusions found at the

origin of fatigue fracture are found normally as the

globular mixture of oxides of Al, Si and Ca., and other

compounds such as MnS. These elements are consi-

dered to have come into the steel during steel making

process, as they are used as de-oxidation agents or for

refractory materials.

野響町己..汐F....叩....■.:.甲-......’一’...

.麟.

                     L100μm              ト一且10μm

Photo.1 Typical fractogr駐phy showing non-nletallic inclusion at fatigue crack initiation site.

Page 23: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

20 Sa宅oshi NlsHIJIMA

1.9

亀 1・8

蚤b一

ヨ 1.7

2あ  1.6呂

艶’捲

賑L5蜜

髭1・4

L3

し一一.

95%Con行dence Interva…

丁一三も〉華彗違i

+    \‡:\               ヘマ

ギS35C,S4,C,S55C\ こ十SCr440, SCM435, SCM440 Hv 35b

oSMn438, SMn443● SNC631

画趣言竈。き

              つウ            無縫

            o瀦←              ■  、

Regressedresults

 Hv 230

    290

   350、  、

  、、、

 o

    、、 o     、    230    290

Estimated fesults

F藍9。33

 20                  50         .    100       150

         Defect Size 2α(μm)

Re蓋at藍on of re正ative fatigue strengξh and size o£

non-r【1eta賎ic inclusioas at fa縫gじe crack initiation si£e.

  In any case, it圭s empirically known that the relative

fatigue strength is decreasing with increasing size and

number of these non-metallic particles. In v孟ew of

倉且ding quantitative lnformation, an extensive SEM

analysis was conducted on the failed specimens of

var孟ous steel grades tested at low stress levels under

rotat藍ng bending.

  F量gure 33 shows the results by plotting relative

fatigue strength to V孟ckers hardness against defect

size31). Here the defect size is evaluated by averaging

the largest three diameters of non-metallic孟nclusions

found for a given heat/lot of steel resgardless of

tempering temperatures. This is because the size of

inclus孟ons contained in a specimen should vary by

chance, whereas the fatigue l童mit is determined with

several specimens as an averaged behavior. The data

is plotted tentatively at 20μm position, for steels

revealing no inclus重on at crack init玉ation site,

  The relative fatigue strength is found to be 1.707 as

mean for steels without inclusions, and with O。038 as

its standard deviation. For horizontal part of the data

in the hgure, solid and broken Hnes are traced using

these data without inclusion, representing mean and

95% con負dence intervals, respectively, It can be

judge(i that the dec畜ease of strength begins at the size

of 45μm. The inclined solid and broken lines are

obtained by multi-variables analysis of data beyond 45                   ノμm,by pooling them into three groups according to

Vickers hardness of mater孟als, as below 260, above

.320,and in between, Hardness values of 230,290 and

350are labeled to each豆ines to represent the three

9「oups・

  Dash-dotted lines in the負gure are the predictions

by linear fracture mechanics theory assuming a

hardness dependence of fatigue threshold31). The

agreement of prediction to observation is not satisfac-

tory, because of the incertitude of the hardness

dependence of threshold data use(i in the analysis.

Similar analyses have been attempted since then by

different authors giving substantially the same trends.

  It重s also to be noted that the steel SNC631 shows

obviously a higher fatigue strength in Fig.33. This

steel has nominal composition of O.31C-2.7Ni-0.8Cr

and presents a better quench hardenability as com-

pared to the other steels at the same carbon content

level.

  NOn-metalliC inCIUSiOnS in SteelS are generally

evaluated by a microscopic test method in JIS. The

method is in principle the area proport孟on counting on

a metallurgical section of samples. Inclusions are

classified in three categories:type A for those

deformed by plastic work such as sul且de or silicate,

type B for those appearing in discontinuous arrays

like alumina, and type C for those found isolated as in

case of granular oxides.

  For the materials investigated in the present paper,

the JIS value for each type was always less than O.05%

for any heat/lot, and less than O,1%for total of three

types. No correlation was found between these values

and relative fatigue strength described above. It is

clear that the size of 豆arge inclusions should be

evaluated for better quah負cation of steels from

fatigue point 6f v童ew. One of the attempts for this is

found ln a new standard of non-metallic inclusions test

method for spring steels32).

6. Concluding Rem3rks

  From NRIM FDS publlcations the data have been

extracted and co11ectively analyzed in view of provid-

ing standard reference values on basic high-cycle

fatigue properties of Japanese steels for machine

structural use. Although the most of original data

were obtained in 1975-1980, the statistical facts and

行ndings are believed to be valid and apPlicable to a

variety of materials at present.

Page 24: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Propertles of JIS Steelsξor Machi頚e Stmctural Use 21

  It is however noted that the data refers only to the

hot rolled bars of 19-22 mm in diameter, heat treated

at this size, and fatigue tested as standard smooth

specimens at room temperature in air. It is recom-

mended to refer the fatigue properties in relative

values to monotonic ones, as the effect of heat

treatment may not be unique for different materials

shape and size。 Tables AI to A4 in Appendix can be

served for this purpose.

  There was a rapid evolution in steel making

processes in early 1980’s in this country. Traditional

ingot casting has been replace(i by the continuous

casting in most of companies. Secondary re負ning has

become familiar today for high quality special steels.

Therefore the information may not be the same as

reported here, regarding the distribution in size and

types of non-metallic inclusions.

 The present paper is an extraction of the former

publication in Japanese24). Comprehensive results of

analys孟s are to be found there and direct reference of

the or重ginal FDS will give further possibility of new

負ndings. The FDS data is available through an on-line

service of the factual materials databases by Japan

Information Center of Science and Technology.

Acknowledgments

 The author is greatly indebted to many colleagues

of the National Research Institute for Metals who

shared this enormous task of Fatigue Data Sheet

Project. He apPreciates the effort of his co-worker

Akira Ishii who made all the related statistical

analysis.

Symbo且s

A :

CI):

1) :

D∬:

εσ:

Ev:ぺ1:

ノV“,:

η   :

T :

δ :

δu :

σB l

儀  :

σr :

σu :

妬 :

σwb:

σyc :

σb.o:

τw  :

φ :

APPENDIX

Slope of 3一ハ/curve on 韮09-log co-ordinates

Coefficient of variatior… in fatiguc streng毛h, %

Knee poiRt on 5一〈1 curve, log/>、γ

Ideal CritlCal dlameter, mm

U-notch Char影)y impact value, J/cm2

V-notch Charpy 気mpact value,」/cm2

Nurnber of cyclcs to fa玉lure

Knee point on 5-/V curve, number of cycles

Work hardening exponcnt

Tempering temperature,℃

E圭ongation,%

Uni£Orm elOngatiOn,%

TenSile Strength, N/mm2

UpPer yield strength, N/mm2

True fracture strength, N/mm2

Fatigue韮imit under repeated tenslon, N/mm2

Fatigue limit under reversed tension-compression, N/mm2

Fatigue limit under rotating bendlng, N/mm2

Cyclic yield strength, N/mm2

0.2%prooξstress, NIInm2

fatigue hmit under reversed torsion, N/mm2

Re(玉uction  in  area, %

Page 25: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

22 Satoshl N[SHu麗A

Table A1(玉). Mechanical茎)roperties of JIS steels for machine structural use, expressed as mean(upPer)and standard deviation

(lower)

Tensile propeτties Impact value

Steel

iNo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i℃)

Up yield唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

 Proof

@streSS

iN/mm2)

Tensile

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

rue frac

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

Uniform?long’tn

@ (%)

Elon一

@ ・№≠狽撃盾氏

i%)

Reduction

奄氏@area

@ (%)

 WOfk?ardehg?

xponent�

-notchC

?arpy(

v/C韮n2)�

-notcbC?arpy(

i/cm2)�

呈ckersh

≠窒п| 

獅?SS

25C(

P1)�

ormal- 

@lzed�

633

U�

292

P�

892

T�

803

R�

6.63

D4�

7.82

D3�

3.52

D1�

,2540

CGIG�

344

O�一�

42 

V

50�755

Q�

685

Q�

504

R�

469 

S6�0.71

D2�

2.32

D3�

7.13

D8�

,1920

CG25�

882

W�}�

471

T

35C(

奄Q)�

00�253

W�

193

W�

972

W�

443 

R7�2.01

DG�

5.11

D9�

0.22

D2�

2040C018�

132

R�一�

271

P

50�034

P�

873

S�

502

V�

407 

S5�4.01

D0�

8.11

D3�

192D0�

,2/60

C017�

332

Q�}�

08 

@8

50-6

T0�

355

R�

255

S�

995

R�

439 

S9�2.31

D7�

5.33

D0�

9.73

D4�

,204G

C022�

123

P�}�

272

O

50�969

V�

939

V�

625

W�

550 

T2�.41

D1�

0.91

D8�

2.13

T�,1620

C04G�

.223

Q�一�

801

X

45C(

P1)�

00� 307

X�

257

U�

894

O�

,505 

@40�

0.60

D8�

3.21

T�

5.52

D3�

,1760

C032�

5/3

O�

一�551

T

50�756

P�

655

R�

182

U�

455 

S1�2.5G

D7�

6.61

D1�

851D6�

,1910

CG22�

742

T�~�

321

O

5G-6

T0�

349

S�

289

R�

907

R�

504 

@59�

0.81

T�3.62

D8�

5.43

D6�

,!760

C034�

493

U� �

552

T

50�988

S�

988

O�

493

R�

589 

@44�

.00

D8�

8.91

D5�

7.02

D9�

,1300

C036�

61

O�一�

061

R

55C(

P1)�

00�096

R�

G86

^�

501

D9�

517 

Q0�.80

D4�

2.11

D.4�

092D3�

,1460

C028�

181

W� �

75 

@9

50�375

P�

264

S�

611

R�

450 

Q/�

1.80

D6�

5.31

D1�

4./1

D6�

,165G

C020�

461

V�一�

46 

@7

5(レ6

T0�

129

R�

119

S�

538

P�

519 

U5�.91

D7�

2.13

D0�

G.73

D7�

,1470

C032�

!62

X�一�

762

U

50�883

P.�

276

Q�

664

V�

594 

S6�.30

D8�

9.31

T�3.33

S�,1360

C0/8�

422

T�

722

T�

831

S

Mn438(

V)�

00�565

P�

555

P�

983

R�

541 

R9�.91

D1�

2.01

D6�

6.31

D9�

,1560

C017�

682

R�

971

W�

591

Q

50    ’�

202

V�

013

R�

372

V�

515 

R4�L7GD6�

4.81

D2�

9.21

D7�

,1720

C014�

952

O�

261

X�

39 

@9

5〔ト6

T0�

434

S�

627

Q�

016

S�

548 

T0�0.01

D6�

2.22

D7�

6.53

D3�

,1550

C022�

683

P�

993

O�

602

Q

Page 26: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Propertles of JIS Steels£or Machlne Structural Use

                     Tab藍e A1(2)

23

Tensilc proper£les Impact value

Steel

iNo. o至

?eat)

Temper

hempi。C)

Up yleld唐狽窒?ng£h?

iN/mm2)

 Proof

@S£reSS

iN/mm2)

Tensile

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

rue frac

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

Uniform?long’tn

@ (%)

Elon一

@ .№¥d…on

i%)

Reductlon

撃氏@area

@ (%)

 Work?arde’ng

?xponen重

V-notch

bharpyiJ/cm2)

U-notch

bharpyi」/cm2)

Vickeぎs

?ard-

@neSS

55G851

T9

829

U4

951

S8

1640

@ 38

82O.7

18.8

P.3

60.2

Q.7

0,114

O,014

108

P7

B1Q5

3G5

P0

SMn443

i12)

600743

T6

738

T6

861

S2

1575

@289.6

O.6

21.2

P.4

63.2

Q.4

G,139

O,G12

134

Q0

163

Q2

277

P0

650679

S8

664

S7

785

R6

1543

@ 38

1L6O5

24.5

P.1

66.8

P.9

0,1.6王

O,014

166

P8

玉95

P8

250

P0

550-

U50

749

W7

742

W7

865

WG

1585

@539.8

P.6

21.6

Q.6

63.4

R50,138

O,G23

136

R0

163

R4

277

Q5

550919

P9

957

R9

1054

@351756

@ 35

69O.6

16.9

O.9

60.6

Q.7

α088

O,OG6

98

P5

117

QG

335

P1

SCr440

i8)

600854

Q4

840

R1

956

Q9

玉.662

@ 37

8.4

O.8

19.3

O.9

63.1

Q20,113

O,005

128

P8

146

P8

304

@ 9

65G753

P8

753

P9

874

P6

1640

@ 33

10.1

O.7

21.3

O.5

66.7

P.5

0,133

O,OG6

157

P6

181.

P6

277

@ 4

550-

U50

790

U4

850

X0

961

V9

1686

@618.5

P519.2

Q.0

63.4

R.3

0,1玉1

O,G19

127

Q9

148

R2

305

Q5

55G1022

@ 34

1G17

@37歪G96

@4玉.

18王8

@50

7.王

O.6

16.6

P.G

6L9Q.5

0,078

O,OG6

11烹

Q7

歪32

RG

352

P0

SCM435

i14)

600897

R9

886

S0

982

R5

1741

@508.2

O.8

18.7

k265.5

Q.8

G,1GO

f,007

145

Q5

174

Q9

318

@ 9

650782

R4

777

R6

885

R1

1710

@4810.1

k121.4

P.3

69.1

Q.7

0,127

O,007

189

Q7

214

R1

285

@ 9

550-

U50

852

X9

893

P06

987

X4

1756

@ 67

8.5

P518.9

Q.3

65.5

S.G

G,101

O,021

148

S1

173

S5

318

Q9

5501055

@221G80

@31

1164

@341863

@536.8

O.7

圭6.1

P.0

59.2

Q.6

0,074

O,004

83

P7

109

Q1

371

@ 8

SCM440

i15)

600936

Q7

950

R0

1047

@33王775

@447.8

P.G

17.9

P.2

62.3

Q.3

0,096

O,005

115

P9

145

Q5

335

@ 7

650826

Q4

823

Q3

926

Q4

1691

@ 63

9.8

P.4

2G.9

P.1

65.8

P.7

0,125

O,006

156

Q4

188

P9

298

@ 7

550-

U50

898

X2

950

P09

1046

P02

1776

@898.1

P.6

18.3

Q.3

62.5

R50,099

f,022

118

R6

147

R9

335

R1

Page 27: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

24 Satoshi NISHIHMA

Table A1(3)

    「.senslle propert蓋es Impact va墨ue

Steel

iNo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i。C)

Up yleld唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

 Proof

@streSS

iN/mm2)

Tenslle

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

rue frac

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

Uniform?long’tn

@ (%)

Elon一

@ ■№≠萩ハon

i%)

Reduct呈on

撃氏@area

@ (%)

 Work?arde’ng

?xponen?

V-notch

bharpyiJ/cm2)

U-notch

bharpyi」/cm2)

Vickers

?ard-

@neSS

550912

R2

925

R6

1001

@371751

@427.1

O.5

18.9

P.1

64.7

Q.3

0,088

f,009

123

Q5

148

R6

316

P1

SNC631

i1G)

600813

Q1

832

S2

924

S0

1704

@328.3

O.6

21.0

P.3

67.2

P.9

0,114

O,011

152

Q0

176

R2

292

P1

650746

Q4

736

Q4

849

Q3

1678

@301G.O

f.5

23.4

O.8

702P5

0,146

O,009

183

P9

213

Q9

267

@7

550-

U50

807

V3

830

W5

924

V1

1710

@4685P.3

21.1

Q.1

67.4

Q.9

0,117

O,026

153

R3

179

S2

292

Q2

5801021

@261033

@351114

@351830

@447.1

O.4

17.2

P.G

60.5

P.5

0,090

O,009

98

P1

116

P3

351

P0

SNCM439

i14)

630926

R7

916

R8

1003

@341750

@408.4

O.5

19.6

P.3

63.4

P.6

G,116

O,OG7

125

P4

152

P8

317

P0

68G820

Q7

779

P7

874

Q0

1669

@3210.6

f.5

22.9

P566.8

P.7

0,145

O,007

152

P5

186

I7

278

@5

580-

U30

905

W3

908

P09

996

P03

1749

@768.7

P519.9

Q.7

63.6

R.1

G,117

O,024

125

Q6

151

R3

315

R1

5801032

@311037

@251131

@331844

@247.1

O.2

175P.4

58.6

R50,090

O,007

88

P5

106

P7

358

@7

SNCM447

i6)

630920

P6

912

P8

1013

@271767

@ 19

8.6

O.2

2G3P.6

62.6

Q.3

G,117

ソOG5

114

Q0

140

Q2

321

@5

680830

Q2

793

P1

889

P9

1656

@32105f.2

23.4

P.6

64.6

R.0

0,141

O,008

142

Q0

173

Q2

286

@ 4

580-

U80

906

V9

914

PG2

1011

P03

1754

@828.7

P.4

20.4

Q.9

61.9

R.8

0,115

O,022

116

Q9

1.40

R4

322

R0

700 一一583

Q1

727

P9

1449

@608.4

O.7

24.O

戟D1

70.8

Q.0

G,112

f,015

一…229

R7

238

@ 6

SUS403i11)

750  ~508

Q1

676

P5

1426

@5G11.3

O.9

27.3

P.7

72.4

P.4

0,126

O,010

}}271.

Q5

221

@ 6

70G-

V50一一

545

S3

701

R1

1438

@569.9

P.7

25.7

Q271.7

k90,119

f,014

一一250

R8

23G

P1

SUS43Gi9)

Anneal-

@ ed

306

Q6

301

Q5

494

Q0

1208

@94215R.1

39フ

Q.4

75.7

R.0

0,206

O,G21

一一135

P08

170

P0

SUS304i11)

Solufn

買ムeated

一一257

P7

614

R2

1937

P34

62.0

R.1

72.1

R.3

80.8

P.6

0238O,021

一}  一154

P1

Page 28: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

                      Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS S毛eels for Macbine Structural Use              25

Tab韮e A2(1). Fatigue strength and ks罫atios of JIS steels for machlne structural use, expressed as mean(upper)and standard

            devision(lower)

Steel

iNo, of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i。C)

κγ  σB

iN/mm2)

  σ~vb

iN/mm2)

q.b

辜my

妬b

ミB

πv

細σB ㌃σwb 妬Hy 馬σB 9v

ミwb

馬σu

S25Ci11)

Nor【nal一

@ 呈zed

142.1

@ 69

489.2

Q3.8

2425P4.1

1,707

O,066

0,496

f,020

1,031

O,040

0,3G1

O,008

0,618

O,010

1,518

O,G36

0,443

O,G16

0,910

f,018

1,178

O,045

550245.3

P1.7

75G.3

R8.8

409.8

Q0.7

1,673

f,088

0,547

O,030

1,080

O,079

0,360

O,028

0,664

O,015

6002272P0.2

696.6

Q4.9

384.0

P9.0

1,692

O,073

α551

O,021

LO92O,059

α359

O,019

0,657

O,02G

1,482

ソ079α487

ソ0210,891

O,020

1,288

ソ039S35C

i12)650

2075@ 7,9

649.6

Q4.8

35G.9

Q0.6

1,692

O,G86

0,540

ソ0241,092

O,040

0,354

O,015

0,668

O,036

55(レ

U50

226.6

P8.4

698.8

T1.G

381.6

R1.3

1,685

f,081

0546ソ025

1,088

ソ0560,358

O,020

0,663

ソ023

550280.0

P8.2

861.9

T7.4

472.4

R0.3

L688O,058

G548O,G17

1,126

f,077

0,369

O,G24

α679

O,046

6002545i4.2

789.7

R9.0

4345Qユ.9

L708

O,030

0550O,010

1,137

O,073

0,365

O,022

α67!

O,041

1,616

ソG770,519

f,029

0,954

O,042

1303

O,028S45C

i11)650

231.5

@ 9,6

717.8

Q4.1

394.8

P6.5

1,705

O,032

0,550

O,014

1,123

O,G72

α364

O,021

0,663

O,036

550-

U50255.3

Q45789.8

V25433.9

R9.4

1,701

O,042

0,55G

n,013

1,129

f,068

0,366

ソG20G,671

O,038

5503G6.O

奄R.7

949.0

R35514.1

P9.0

1,681

ソ0520542f.0更3

1,140

O,032

0,368

O,010

α686

f,039

600274.6

@ 8.9

8499P9.5

461.6

P3.8

1,681

O,G39

0,543

O,013

1,132

ソ0560,366

f,014

0,684

O,036

1,653

O,111

0,534

O,034

0,998

ソ0481,264

O,055S55C

i11)65G

2465@ 6.6

760.9

P2.6

413.3

P0.1

1,678

f,047

0,543

O,015

1,097

O,042

0,355

O,010

G,664

O,041

550-

U50275.7

Q6.6

853.3

W王.3

463.0

S4.2

1,680

O,045

0,543

O.0歪3

1,123

O,045

0,363

O,012

0,678

O,036

550282.7

P3.2

871.4

R9.3

457.6

R2.6

1,618

ソ0800525O,024

1,159

O,050

0,378

f,015

α707

O,023

600259.3

P1.3

803.7

Q8.0

425.9

Q0.7

1,643

O,065

0530ソ019

1,127

O,G23

0366O,008

0,697

ソG121,574

O,105

0512O,035

0,973

O,033

1,243

O,G33SMn438

i7)650

237.0

@ 7.0

734.6

QLO386.4

Q4.7

1,630

f,083

0,526

O,G27

1,125

O,048

0,366

O,G16

0,681

O,017

550-

U50

259.7

Q1.7

803.2

U4.1

423β

R9.0

1,631

O,073

0,527

ソ0221ユ37

O,040

G,370

O,013

0,695

O,020

Page 29: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

26 Satoshi NIsHIJIMA

Tab監e A2(2)

Hyαvb %b 筑v 恥 恥 妬 妬 妬

Steel

iNo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i。C)

  σB

iN/mm2)

  σwb

iN/mm2) Hy σB Hy σB σwb Hレ「

qv

ミB σwb σu

550304.7

@ 9.4

950.1

S6.6

499.3

R7.0

1,637

O,078

0525

O,019

1,110

O,052

0,358

O,013

0,674

f,021

6002767P0.1

8655S0.6

461.0

R2.8

L665

O,073

0532O,018

:1.142

O,030

0,364

ソ0110,676

O,017

/,629

O,087

0,519

f,022

0,694

O,036

1,265

O,022SMn443

i12)650

249.8

@ 9.8

784.1

R52419.7

Q6.4

1,679

O,044

G,535

O.Oi4

1,109

O,015

0,353

O,002

0,660

f,011

550-

U50277.0

Q4.6

866.6

V95460.G

S551,66G

n,067

0531

O,017

1,121

O,036

0,358

O,010

0,670

O,017

550334.5

P051G54.4

@ 325

553.8

Q1.8

1,657

O,087

0525O,022

1,153

O,060

α367

O,G16

0,691

O,026

600304.1

@ 7.7

9546Q6.6

507.6

@ 7.4

1,670

O,042

0532O,O13

1,126

O,G64

G,361

O,014

0,680

O,016

L664

O,G54

0533O,004

1,005

O,025

1,249

O,021SCr440

i8)650

276.4

@ 2.9

874.0

P4.2

470.4

P2.9

1,702

O,042

0538O,015

1,163

O,046

0,367

O,G11

0,686

O,026

550-

U50

305.0

Q5.3

961.0

V9.2

510.6

R7.8

玉..676

O,061

0532O,017

1,147

O,G52

0,365

O,012

G,686

O,021

550351.9

@ 8.8

1095.8

@37.4

556.4

Q7.1

1,609

O,056

0517O,015

1,100

O,021

0,357

O,008

0,697

O,041

600317.1

@ 9,1

981.6

R25528.4

Q4.4

1,666

O,059

0538O,015

1,137

O,021

G,369

O,010

G,693

O,033

1,629

O,044

0529O,G15

0,993

O,036

1240O,044SCM435

i14)650

285.1

@ 8.4

884.6

Q9.6

479.4

P7.9

1,682

f,042

0542O,011

1.玉.64

O,023

0,377

O,012

0,693

O,037

55(レ

U50

318.0

Q8.9

987.4

X3.2

524.7

S2.7

1,652

O,060

0532O,018

1,134

O,034

0,368

O,013

0,695

O,034

550370.7

@ 7.3

11635

@31.9

6005Q64

1,620

O,062

0516O,019

1,077

O,061

0,346

O,026

0,680

O,069

600335.2

@ 7.0

10473

@32.7

553.4

Q1.4

1,651

O,G46

0528O,013

1,105

O,046

0354O,022

0,677

O,051

1,674

O,110

0536O,032

1,023

O,029

1,269

O,967SCM440

i15)650

297.9

@ 6.1

925.7

Q3.8

498.7

P1.4

1,674

O,030

0539O,010

1,131

ソ0500,366

O,021

0,680

O,030

550-

U50

334.6

R0.8

10455

ハ02。4

550.9

S6.7

玉..648

O,G52

0528

O,017

1,104

O,054

0355

O,023

0,679

O,049

Page 30: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Baslc Fatigue P罫opertles of JIS Steels for Machine Structural Use

                    Tab豆e A2(3)

Steel

iNo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i。C)

Hγ  σB

iN/mm2)

  σwb

iN/mm2)

qvb

破vb

ミB

筑v

双v

ミB

筑v

ミwb

偽Hγ qv

ミB

qv

ミwb

qv

ミu

550 315.7

P1.6

10025@ 36.3

5565P9.6

1,764

f,052

0555ソ016

1,122

O,G25

0,355

ソ0060,629

f,016

600291.8

P0.5

927.1

R7.2

518.0

P4.7

1,777

O,G61

0559f,020

1ユ47

O,OG2

0,362

O,GO3

0,650

O,017

1,792

f,033

0566O,008

LO15

O,018

1,267

f,057SNC631

i10)650

267.2

@ 7.2

849.1

Q33483.7

P1.6

1,811

Oつ47

0,57G

n,G16

1,148

f,036

α364

O,010

α640

O,030

550-

U50

291.6

Q25926.2

V1.2

519.4

R3.8

1,784

O,055

0561

O,018

1,139

O,G25

G,360

O,007

G,636

f,022

580350b@ 9.7

1113.9

@35.6

593.4

Q3.0

1,692

O,044

0533O,016

L145O,026

0,36G

n,008

0,674

O,GO6

630317.2

Pα0

1002.4

D35.4

547.6

Q2.4

L727

O,062

G547O,G22

1,169

O,024

0,369

O,011

0,680

O,018

1,792

O,056.

0566O,015

1,043

O,G41

1318

O,023SNCM439

i14)68G

278.0

@ 4.6

874.7

Q0.0

478.9

P2.2

1,722

f,032

0548O,011

1,192

O,038

G,378

O,011

0,684

O,G17

580-

U80

315.3

R1.2

997.0

PG35540.G

T1.4

1,714

O,049

0,542

f,018

1,169

O,034

0369ソ012

0,679

O,014

580357.7

@ 6,0

1131.3

@345594.0

P5.9

1,661

O,056

0525O,G22

1,101

O,043

0,349

O,023

0,657

O,012

63G320.8

@’5.4

1012.8

@28.3

5405@ 9.8

1,685

ソ0420534ソ018

1,147

ソ0230,363

O,014

0,667

O,002

1,734

f,007

0,549

O,013

1,008

O,014

1,276

O,011

(6)680

2855@ 3.7

889.0

P9.7

475.2

@ 6.6

1,665

O,031

G,535

O,016

1,137

O,013

0,362

O,001

0,688

ソ026

580-

U8032王3

Rα7

1011.1

P05.2

536.6

T1.1

1,670

f,043

0,531

O,018

1,128

ソ031G,358

O,014

G,671.

O,019

700 237.9

@ 6.1

726.8

P95425.1

P6.1

1,787

O,G68

0,585

f,018

1ユ53

O,026

0,383

O,010

0,646

O,025

1,738

f,024

0,577

f,012

0974O,045

1,305

f,021

SUS403

i11)

75G220.5

@ 5,6

676.2

P4.8

3995P6.6

1,812

ソ0560,591

O,G16

1,147

O,027

0,376

O,OG6

0,628

O,020

700-

V5G229.2

P0.6

701.5

R0.9

412.3

Q0.6

1,800

O,062

0588O,017

1,150

O,025

G,379

O,009

0,637

ソG23

SUS430i9)

Anneal-

@ ed

169.9

@8.6

493.9

Q0.0

30L6P35

L777

O,071

G,611

O,0王6

1,283

f,079

α449

O,005

0,724

O,03ユ

1,759

O,068

G,616

O,009

0,993

O,018

1,352

O,042

SUS304i11)

Solut’旦

狽窒?ate?

154.0

@99613.9

R2.7

301.7

P0.0

L963

O,081

0,492

O,023

1,015

O,029

0,259

ソ0080,514

O,009

1,485

O,080

0,379

O,009

0,752

O,026

1,130

O,020

27

Page 31: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

28 Satoshi NiSHIJIMA

T3b藍eA3(1). Parameters for∫一ノV curves of JIS steels for machine structural use, expressed as mean(upPer)and standard

devltation(lower). See equation(4)

Rotating bending Reversed torsion

Steel

iNo. of

撃?at)

Temper狽?mp?

i℃)

Tensile

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

Number盾?∫一N

@curve

Slope

@オ

Fatigue

撃奄高奄買ミ雨b

iN/mm2)

Knee@ ・垂盾高煤

@D

Coeff,

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

Number盾? 3-N

@curve

Slope

@孟

Fatigue

?mitτ宙

iN/mm2)

Knee  .polnt

@D

Coeff,

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

S25Ci11)

Normal-

@ized

4892Q3.8

110.0540

O.0047

2425P4.1

6,596

O,100

1.92

O.784

0,0702   145.0

O.0024     5.玉.

6,794

O.玉.27

4.99

O.73

550 750.3

R8.812

0.0610

O.0玉.63

409.8

Q0.7

6,049

O,075

3.91

Q.234

0.0402

O.0214

265.0

@ 9,6

6242O,076

5.79

S.97

600 6966Q4.9

120.0589

O.0132

384.0

P9.0

6,071

O,176

3.87

k924

0.0410

O.0082

248.3

@ 6.6

6,148

O,469

652R.77S35C

i亙2) 650 649.6

Q4.812

0.0549

O.OG93

350.9

Q0.6

6,222

O2213.62

P.664

0.0369

O.0179

226.8

@7.1

6,394

O,369

5.62

R.27

550-

U50

698.8

T1.036

0.0583

O.0131

38ユ.6

R1.3

6,114

O,181

3.80

H.9012

0.0394

O.O153

246.7

P7.8

6,261.

O33工.

5.98

R.70

550 861..9

T7.411

0.0647

O.0137

472.4

R0β

5,879

O,184

3.23

P.914

0.0326

O.01.月.

313.0

@ 45

6,627

O,391

4..10

Q.34

600 789.7

R9.011

0.0561

O.0101

434.5

Q1.9

6,026

O,184

3.08

P.714

0.0350

O.0152

2865

@5.0

6,420

O,039

3.92

P.91S45C

i11) 650 717.8

Q4.111

0.0529

O.0064

394.8

P656,145

O,180

2.67

P.614

0.0371

O.0079

260.3

@ 6.7

6,338

O,182

351P.Ol.

550-

U50789.8

V2.533

0.0579

O.0114

433.9

R9.4

6,016

O,209

2.99

P.7112

0.0349

O.0108

286.6

Q3.0

6。46玉.

O,259

3.84

P.68

550 949.0

R3511

G.0758

f.OI50

514.1

P9.0

5,841

O,155

2.79

P.384

0.0381

O.0142

348.8

@9,4

6421O521

3.36

O57

600 849.9

P9511

0.0685

f.0070

461.6

P3.8

5,935

O,124

238O.76

4G.0349

O.0120

3095

@8,3

6593ソ374

3.23

O55S55C

i11) 650 760.9

P2.611

0.0594

O.0112

413.3

P0.1.

6,052

O,079

2.26

P.314

G.033工

O,034

270.0

P.0.4

6,604

O,353

2.92

O.65

550-

U50

853.3

W1.333

0.0679

O.0131

463.0

S425943f,148

2.48

P.1712

0.0354

O.OlO!

309.4

R4.6

6,539

O,392

3.17

O.57

55G 871.4

R9.37

0.G828

O.G221

457.6

R2.6

5,946

O,239

6.03

Q.703

0.0386

O.0106

335.3

Q7.1

6,097

O,108

4.75

R.45

600 803.7

Q8.07

0.0715

O.0153

425.9

Q0.7

6,067

O.23工

5.61

R553

0.0429

O.0124

298.7

P6.5

6,318

f,157

6.86

R.33SMn438

i7) 650 7346Q1.0

70.0660

O.0100

386.4

Q4.7

6,255

ソ2724.53

Q.283

0.0400

O.0125

272.3

、5.7

6299O,235

4.71

Q.85

55G-

U50

8G3.2

U4.!21

0.0734

O.0172

423.3

R9.0

6,090

O,269

5.39

Q.829

0.G405

O.0104

302.1

R2.6

6238f,184

5.44

Q.99

Page 32: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Baslc Fatigue Properties of JIS S重eels for Machlne Structじral Use

                      7ab夏eA3(2)

R.ota縫ng bend玉ng        ..・  Reversed torsion

Steel

iNo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i。C)

Tensile

棟drength

iN/mm2)

Number盾? 3一ノV

@curve

Slope

@乃

Fatlgue

¥lmlt¢.b

iN/mm2)

Knee  ,pomt

@D

Coe£f.

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

Number盾? 5一ノ>

@curve

Slope

@み

Fatigue

zimit筑v

iN/mm2)

Knee  .pomt

@D

Coeff.  ■varlafn

i%)

550 950.1

S6.612

0.G783

O.OlO7

499.3

R7.0

5,948

O,167

3.88

Q.274

0.0380

f.0揉.25

336.8

Q0.1

6512O,281

5.81

P93

600 865.5

Sα612

G,733

ソ01Gエ

461.G

R2.8

5,997

O,ま68

3.52

Q.464

0.G393

O.0101

3125G5.G

6,191

O,053

552P.09SMn443

i12) 650 784.1

R5.212

0,673

ソ0083419.7

Q6.4

6,090

f,174

3.05

P534

0.0386

f.0049

273.8

P356539O,200

4.76

P.64

550-

U50

866.6

V9.536

0.073G

n.0105

460.G

S556,012

O,175

348Q.09

120.0386

O.GO88

307.7

RG.9

6,414

O,246

5.36

P51

550 1054.4

@3258

0.1047

ソG216553.8

Q1.8

5,786

f,221

4.66

R.01

0.0423

f.0130

383.7

P466,423

O,2G7

3.99

Q.00

600 954.6

Q6.68

0.0829

O.0215

507.6

@7,4

5,993

O,192

327P.64

30.0584

O.0101

342.7

P1.7

6,305

O,250

438O.26SCr440

i8) 650 874.0

P4.28

0,741

O.0093

470.4

P2.9

6,025

f,065

2.91

P..68

3 α0349

f.0027

320.3

P466535O,167

3.10

k24

550-

U50961.0

V9.224

0.0872

O.0219

510.6

R7.8

5,935

O,198

3,61.

Q.249

0.0452

O.0133

348.9

RG.2

6,421

O,208

3.82

P.31

550 1095.8

@37.414

0.1055

O.0143

566.4

Q7.1

5,83歪

f,103

4.74

Q.165

0.0471

f.0124

384.4

P2.9

6507O,294

402f.88

600 981.6

R2514

0.0933

f.0133

528.4

Q4.4

5,873

O,103

358P.76

50.0427

O.0072

355.8

P1.0

6,428

O,155

5.17

P.95SCM435

i14) 650 884.6

Q9.614

0.G876

ソ0133479.4

P7.9

5,950

O,155

3.26

P.G35

0.0382

f.0033

325.G

P2.2

6,420

O3283.87

P.83

550-

U50987.4

X3242

0.0955

f.0153

524.7

S2.7

5,885

O,130

3.86

P.7915

0.G427

O.0087

355.1

Q756,452

O,253

436P.62

550 11635

@31.915

0.1069

O.0122

6005Q6.4

5,747

O,126

4.72

Q.725

0.0545

O.0153

403.2

Q0.2

638玉

O,146

4.63

P,1.8

600 玉.G47.3

@32.715

0.1015

O.02G7

553.4

Q1.4

5,802

O,159

3.89

P.885

0.G566

O.008G

374.2

P4.0

6,27G

n,254

4.3G

nフ1SCM440

i15) 650 925.7

Q3.815 α0806

O.0129

498.7

P1.4

5,982

O,106

2.9工.

ソ875

0.0533

f.0133

338.2

@ 83

6,150

O,208

3.11

O.76

550-

U50

1G455

P02.445

G.0963

O.0192

5509S6.7

5,844

O,164

3.84

Q.0715

0.0548

O.Ol.17

371.9

R0.8

6267O215

4.01

P.08

29

Page 33: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

30 Satoshl NISH至」蝋A

 璽lab置e A3 (3)

Rotating bending Reversed tors圭on

Steel

iNlo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i。C)

Tens圭le

唐狽窒?ngth?

iN/mm2)

Number盾? 3-2V

@curve

Slope

@A

Fatigue

撃奄高奄買ミ轍,

iN/mm2)

Knee@ ・oOInt

@D

Coeff.

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

Number盾? 5一ノ>

@curve

Slope

@A

Fat重gue

撃奄高奄買ムW

iN/mm2)

Knee@ ←oOmt@D

Coeff,

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

550 1GO2.5

@36.310

0.0926

O.0217

5565P9.6

5,874

O,123

3.69

P.233

0.0574

O.0073

349.0

P7.1

6,374

O,114

3.94

O.86

600 927.1.

R72/G

G.0767

O.0084

518.0

P476,070

O,213

3.03

O.713

0.0474

O.0058

33G.0

@ 9.5

6,457

f,132

353O.36SNC631

i10) 650 849.1

Q3.310

0,754

ソ0076483.7

P1.6

6,013

O,168

256O92

30,485

O.0056

304.7

P1.5

6,440

O,068

3.00

O.52

550-

U50

9262V!.2

300.G816

O.0158

519.4

R3.8

5,986

f,186

3.09

P.059

0.0511

O.0072

3279Q2.4

6,424

O,10!

3.49

O.67

580 1113.9

@35.614

0.0990

f.0158

593.4

Q3.0

5,812

O,124

3.40

P544

0.0449

O.0061

396.8

@8.8

6,422

O,134

4.03

P.22

630 ま002.4

@35.414

0.0891

O.0133

547.6

Q2.4

5,860

O,177

3.15

P..24

40.G474

O.0136

365.5

@8.フ

6,297

O,281

3.60

O.86SNCM439

i14) 68G 874.7

Q0.014

0.0717

O.0158

4789P22

6,111

O,168

2.70

P.174

0.03G9

f.0066

328.5

P296,345

O,142

2.82

O.83

580-

U80

997.0

P03542

0.G866

O.0186

54G.0

T1.4

5,928

O,203

3.G8

P.3312

0.0411

O.0114

363.6

R0.6

6,355

O,186

3.48

P.03

580 1131.3

@3456

G.1040

f.0160

594.0

P595,737

O,137

6.82

R.542

0.0574

O.0090

393.5

P6.3

6,396

f,075

4.95

O.63

630 1012.8

@28.36

0.0933

O,147

5405

@9.8

5,857

O,G99

424Q.48

20.0470

f.0128

367.0

@4.2

6β45

O2G62.29

P.14SNCM447

i6) 680 889.0

P9.76

0.G742

O.G103

475.2

@ 6.6

6,094

f,095

3,1玉

P.782

0.0355

ソOG82323.5

@ 92

6448O,481

324O.11

580-

U8G

1G11.1

P05.218 α0905

f.0182

536.6

T1ユ

5,896

O,185

4.72

R.006 α466

O.0127

361.3

R2.8

6,396

f,241

3.49

P.34

70G 726.8

P9.511

0.0639

ソ0078425.1

P6.1

6239O,213

2.工9

O.614

0.0376

O.0042

274β

P0.8

6743

O,301

2.45

O53SUS403

i1め

750 676.2

P4.811

0.G552

O.0067

399.5

P6.6

6,287

O,170

250O.85

40.0380

O.0049

252.0

@3.4

6,911

O,147

3.19

O56

700-

V50

7015R0.9

220.0595

f.0083

412.3

Qα6

6263

O,190

2.35

O.748

0.0378

O.0042

263.1

P4.0

6,827

O,237

2.82

O.64

SUS430

i9)

nnea}一

@ed493.9

Q0.09

0.0585

f,134

301.6

P356723O,119

2.86

O.833

0.0460

O.0036

218.3

@ 1.5

6,913

O,087

4.20

O.69

SUS304iエ.1)

Solut’n

狽窒?ate?

6139R2.7.

110.G539

O.0074

301.7

PG.0

5,417

f,162

2.14

O.814

0.0367

O.OG51

1568

@5.9

5,862

O,401

2.72

P.57

Page 34: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Baslc Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine Structural Use

                     Tab瞳e A3(4)

Reversed tension-compression Repeated te罰sion

Steel

iNo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mρ

i。C)

Tensile

唐狽窒?n帥?

iN/mm2)

Number渚、3一ムr

@curve

Slope

@溢

Fat呈gue

撃撃高奄買ミ磁

iN/mm2)

Knee  ,PO】醗

@D

Coeff.

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

Number盾? 3一ノ>

@Curve

S韮ope

@A

Fa毛lgue

撃撃高奄買ミu

iN./mm2)

Knee  ,pomt

@D

Cocff,

魔≠窒撃≠煤fn

i%)

S25Ci11)

Norma1-

@ized489.2

Q3.84

0.0732

O.G233

2135

@5.8

5,925

O,301

3.55

P.414

0.0449

O.G167

181.3

@3.3

6,688

O2183.05

P.88

S35Ciま2)

600 696.6

Q494

0.0428

O.OG95

337.0

P495,718

O,369

4.75

Q.474

0.0627

O.0063

261.8

P256,126

O,191

4.20

Q.08

S45Ci11)

600 789.7

R9.04

G.0415

O.0198

4085R7.6

5,613

O,644

2.46

f344

0.0487

f.0214

313.5

Q7.1

6,101

O,434

2.46

f.39

S55Ci11)

6GO 849.9

P954

0.0312

O.0092

452.3

R0.6

5,788

O,274

2.89

P.284

0.G317

O.0164

358.G

Q5.0

5,894

O,679

2.35

ソ46

SMn438i7)

600 803.7

Q8.03

0.0349

O.0271

417.7

S2.7

6,250

O,322

6.08

T.723

0.0511

f.0234

335フ

Q6.0

5,792

O,151

4.83

S.29

SMn443i12)

600 8655

Sα64

0.0473

ソ0178446.0

R955,668

O,255

4.73

R354

0.0341

ソ01193525R0.7

6,208

O,070

4.67

Qフ9

SCr440

i8)

600 954.6

Q6.63

0.0378

O.0172

506.7

P8.8

5,777

O,146

4.51

R.933

0.0408

f.0104

4G5.7

@ 95

5,857

O,099

3.75

R.32

SCM435i玉4)

600 981.6

R255

0.043G

ソ0093509.8

P4.0

6,130

O,390

5.01

Q.155

0.0441

ソGO87411.4

P5.9

5973O,434

4.26

Q.83

SCM440i15)

600 1047.3

@32.75

0.0368

O.0143

567.6

S4.5

5,968

O,475

3.70

P.895

0.0534

f.0206

447.4

Q7.5

5,877

O,297

3.84

Q22

SNC631i10)

600 927.1

R7.23 α0321

O.OG86

5153P1.0

6,260

O,052

235O.09

30.0406

O.G122

407.3

Q4.0

5,798

O,145

1.60

O.36

SNCM439i14)

630 1002.4

@35.44

G.0344

O.0100

560.3

ハ3.7

5,938

O,078

2.10

O564

0.0343

O.0111

425.3

P6.3

6,088

O,082

1.82

O.65

SNCM447i6)

63G 王G12.8

@28,32

0.G322

O.0062

555.G

@2.8

6,130

O,099

2.16

O.432

G.0290

O.G177

435.O

@ I.4

6,035

Oβ75

1.76

O.63

SUS403i11)

700 726.8

P954

0.0297

f.0057

413.3

ハ5.3

6,123

O,298

2.17

O.974

0.0499

O.0140

316.8

P1.8

5,947

f,276

296O.30

SUS430

i9)

Anneaレ

@ ed

493.9

Q0.03

0.G18G

n.0025

299.7

@ 8,4

6,513

O,422

2.03

O.413

0.0481

O.G372

222.0

P3.G

6,445

O,114

2.77

O.63

SUS304i11)

Solut’n

狽窒?ate?

613.9

R2.74

0.0701

O.0281

229.3

P1.4

5,178

O,216

3.44

O.6G4

0.1499

O.0747

203つ

P1.5

5,653

f,113

4.22

P55

31

Page 35: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

32 Satoshi NIsHIJIMA

Table A4(1). Parameters for normal量zed∫一く1 curves of JIS steels for machine structural use. See equation(4)

Relat玉ve tO tenSile Strength Relative to Vickers hardness

Stee1

iNo. of

№?at)

Temper狽?mp?

iQC)

Loadingモ盾獅р沿黶

@ ,@tlon

Number盾? data

Slope

@A

Fatigue

pimlt

@σ/σh

Knee@ ■oOlnt

@D

Coeff.

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

Slope

@A

Fatigue

撃奄高縁d

ミ/Hγ

Knee  ,pomt

@D

Coeff.

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

S25C Normal-@ized

Rot. bend

sorsion

sens. comp.

yero Tens,

207

V0

U6

U2

G.0596

O.0642

O.0767

O.0413

⑪5061.

O.3034

O.44G2

O.3785

(~.3981

U.9050

T.8533

U.5854

6,457

T,511

T,842

S234

0.G555

O.G669

O.0688

O.0466

1.7253

P.0241

k5玉.66

P.2641

65059

U.9250

T.9156

U.7103

4987U,405

S565T,0!3

S35C

55〔}一650

T50-650

@  600

@  60G

Rot, bend

sorsion

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

745

Q13

T9

U1

0.G630

O.0453

O.0469

O.0583

0.5516

ソ3642

O.4938

f.3865

5.9902

T9362T5955

U.0453

5,971

V,786

U,4!8

T,178

0.0638

O.0479

O.G523

O.0678

1.6988

P.0995

P.5025

P,171.9

5.9965

T.9888

T.5729

U.OG36

6338W,413

V,395

U,746

S45C550-650

T5〔レ650

@  600

@  600

Rot, bend

sorsion

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

667

Q11

T8

U2

0.0509

O.G389

O.05G7

O.08G2

05598

O.3678

O5187

O.40i4

6.0827

U.2866

T.3256

T5728

4,495

U,351

V,232

T,401

G.0505

O.0406

O.0445

O.G536

1.7074

P.1377

P.6280

P.2466

6.0745

U.2392

T.3247

T.8393

4,655

V,183

U,176

T,209

S55C550-650

T5〔}一650

@  600

@  600

Rot. bend

sorsion

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

652

Q14

U0

U0

0.0632

O.0379

O.G371

O.05G2

05396

O.3634

O.5303

O.4268

6.0326

U.3783

T.8277

T.5576

3bOOS,717

V,123

S,401.

0.0644

O.0368

O.0376

O.0296

1.6792

P..1,169

P.615/

P.2967

5.975i

U.4943

U.0054

U.1250

3,454

T,459

V,!75

R,822

SMn438550-650

T50-650

@  600

@  600

RQt. bead

sorsion

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

405

P66

T0

S1

0.0689

O.0421

O.0508

O.G702

05247

O.3709

O5214

O,4B4

6.1613

U.1752

T.7385

T.6219

6,779

U,646

P0,643

U,490

0.07G2

f.0428

O.0501

O.0673

i..6446

P.1333

P5999

P.2608

6.0696

U.2285

T.7437

T.6986

7,152

V,010

P0,366

T,872

SMn443550-650

T50-650

@  600

@  600

Rot. bend

sors孟on

sens, comp.

yero Tens.

685

Q10

U8

T7

0.0692

O.0362

O.0462

O.G440

G5270

f.3610

O5233

O.4171

6.1067

U.3754

T.6182

T.8966

5,021

T,824

U,694

T,867

0.G701

O.〔〕369

f.0527

O.0506

1.6533

P.1289

D1.6413

P.3080

6.0868

U.3628

T5705

T.8099

5,877

U,26G

V.5i.0

U,935

SCr440550-650

T50-650

@  600

@  600

Rot. bend

sorslon.

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

453

P55

S9

S9

G.0800

O.0396

O.0403

O.G429

05312

O.3652

O5355

O.4397

5.9819

U.5428

T.6353

T5066

4,808

T,090

T,101

T,721

0.G815

O.0427

f.0444

O.0435

1.6649

P.1443

堰D6431

P.3239

5,996

U5205

T.7166

T.9066

5,144

U,122

T,829

T,231

SCM435550-650

T50-65G

@  600

@  600

Rot. bend

sorslon

sens. cOmp,

yero Tens.

829

Q77

W2

V8

G.0950

O.0400

O.0405

Oつ493

0.5310

f.3680

O5385O.43玉1

5.89G6

U5353

T.9839

T.8153

5,378

T,346

T,579

T,272

0,G91.8

O.0388

O.0391

f.0511

1.6442

P.1325

P.6334

P.3071

5.9318

U5715

U.1589

T.9231

5,747

T,172

T,700

T,661

SCM440550-650

T50め50

@  60G

@  600

Rot, bend

sorsion

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

897

Q8G

W1

W1

0.0925

f.0642

O.0419

O.0481

05273O3608

f.5364

O.4264

5.866G

U.0746

T.9277

T.8667

6,193

W,291

U,344

U,206

0.0873

O.0584

O.0452

O.0464

1.6362

P.1200

P.6684

P.3091

5.9442

U.1150

T9200

U.0649

6,164

U,238

U,699

T,923

SNC63158〔}一680

T80-68G

@  63G

@  630

Rot. bend

sorsion

sens. comp.

yero Tens,

581

P72

S5

S7

0.G801

f.0475

f.0320

O.0412

05613

O.3619

f.565フ

O.4465

5.9933

U.4441.

U.3249

T.815工

4,012

R,864

Q992S,005

0.0821

O.G475

O.G315

O.0388

1.7892

P.1453

P.78/2

k4094

5.9522

U.4437

U3860

T.8806

4,112

R,900

Q,912

R,651

Page 36: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatlg蟻e Propertles of JIS Steels for MachiRe Structural Use 33

Tab韮e A4(2)

RelatiVe tO tenSi韮e Strength Relative to Vickαs hardness

Steel

iNo. of

?eat)

Temper狽?mp?

i。C)

Loadingモ盾獅р堰|

@tion

Number盾? data

Slope

@A

Fa宅igue

撃奄黒E

O1σ倉

Knee  ・POmt

@D

COef£.

魔≠窒奄<rn

i%)

Slope

@A

Fatigue

撃奄高撃買

ミ/Hy

Knee  ■POInt

@D

Coe££.

魔≠窒奄≠煤fn

i%)

SNCM439580-680

T80-68G

@  630

@  630

Rot. bend

sorsio罰

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

800

Q13

U8

U3

0.0797

O.0418

f.0298

O.0380

05356

f.3704

O.5625

O.4383

6.0506

U.3279

U.1766

T.76G8

5,018

S,466

Q,758

Q,390

G.0783

O.0399

O.G403

O.0404

1.6840

P.1653

P.7919

P.3771

60848

U.3942

T.8127

T.7953

4,734

S,043

Q,980

R,016

SNCM44758G-680

T80-680

@  63G

@  630

Rot. bend

sorslon

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

355

P13

R3

R1

0.0831

O.0457

O.0486

f.0261

05259

O.3561

O.5446

O.4293

60109

U.4738

T.9261

U.0670

6,712

U,175

T,085

Q,595

0.0800

f.0464

O.0344

O.G259

1.6495

P.1216

P.7363

P.3555

6.G482

U.4254

U.0805

U.0772

5,903

S,831

Q,817

Q,305

SUS40370G-750

V00-750

@  70G

@   700

Rot. bend

sors星on

sens. comp.

yero Tens.

315

P32

T6

T6

0.G600

ソ0380

O.0307

O.0480

058玉.6

O.3836

O.5724

O.4395

63234

U.6910

U.2157

T.9885

3,042

R,286

Q,330

R,238

0.0608

f.0378

O.03G9

O.0501

1.7748

P.1511

P.7289

P326G

6.3390

U.8165

U.1599

T.9591

3,399

R,479

Q,464

R,897

SUS430 Anneaレ

@ ed

Rot. bend

sorslon

sens. co組P・

yero Tens,

ま38

T0

R9

R9

0.G587

O.0455

O.0203

O.0542

0.6114

O.4447

O.6169

f.4583

67337

V.0002

U.4798

U.2960

4,553

S,01G

S,001

S,223

0.0658

O.0544

f.0026

O.0566

1.7666

P.2547

P.7470

s..3067

6.7196

U.9269

U.4824

U.3106

6,956

V,895

T,342

T,435

SUS304 Solut’n

ムreated

Rot. bend

sorsion

sens. com碧.

yero Tens.

141

R5

T2

T5

0.0574

O.G360

O.0587

O.1209

0.4921

O2629

O.3754

O.3293

5.4363

T.7347

T.3394

T.7501

5,636

T,915

R,293

S,115

0.0612

O.0389

f.0562

O.1236

1.9661

P.0182

P4545

P.2846

5.4133

T.8252

T511G

T.7529

6,268

S,486

U,133

V,G83

Refbrences

1)Program of the Fatigue Da重a Shee乞Project for En-

  gineering Materlals Manufactured in Japan, NR茎M

  Fatigue Data Shee£, No。0(1978), pp.8.

2)Data Shee重on Fatigue Properties of S25C(0.25C)Steel

  for Machine Stmctural Use,NRIM Fatigue Data Sheet,

  No.1 (1978), pp。8.

3)Da£a Sheet on Fa£igue Properties of S35C(0。35C)S宅eel

  for Machine Structural Use, NRIM Fatigue Data Sheet,

  No.2(1978), pp.14.

4)Data Sheet on Fatigue Properties of S45C(0.45C)Steel

  for Machine S曲ctural Use,NR王M Fatigue Data Sheet,

  No.3(1978), pp.14.

5)Data Sheeωn Fatigue Prope由es of S55C(0.55C)Steel

  食)rMachine Structural Use,NRIM Fatlgue Data Shee{,

  No.4(1978), pp。藁4,

6)Data Sheet on Fadgue Proper重ies of SCr440(0.40C-

  1Cr)Steel for Machine Structural Use, NRM Fatigue

  Data Sheet, No.8(1979), pp.14.

7)Data Sheet on Fatigue Properties of SCM435(0。35C-

  1Cr-0.2Mo)Stee1食)r Machine Struc亡ural Use, NRIM

  Fatigue Data Sheet, No.9(1979), pp.16.

8)Data Sheet on Fatigue Propertles of SCM440(0.40C-

   1Cr-0.2Mo)S£eel£or Machine Structural Use, NR王M

   Fatigue Data Sheet, No.10 (1979), pp.16.

9)Data Sheet on Fatigue Properdes of SMn 438(0.38C-

   1.5Mn)Stee1£or Machine Structural Use, NRIM

   Fatigue Data Shee{, No.16(1980), pp.14.

10)Data Shee{on Fatigue Properties of SMn443(0。43C-

   15Mn)Steel for Machine Structural Use, NRIM

   Fatigue Data Sheet, No.17(1980), pp.14。

11)Data Sheet on Fatigue Properties of SNC631(0.31C-

   2.7Ni-0.8Cr)Steel for Machine Structural Use, NR.IM

   Fatigue Data Sheet, No,24(1981), pp.14.

12)Data Sheet on Fatigue Properties of SNCM439   (0.39C1.8Ni-0.8Cr-0.2Mo)Steel for Machine StructuraI

   Use,NRIM Fatigue Data Sheet, No.25(1981),ppユ6.

13)Data Sheet o無Fatigue Properties of SNCM447(0。47C-

   1.8Ni-0.8Cr-0.2周目)Steei fbr Machine Structural Use,

   NRIM Fatigue Data Shee重, No。26(19819, pp.12.

14)Data Sheet on Fatigue Properties of SUS430(17Cr)

   Stainless Steel Bars for Machine Structural Use,NRIM

   Fatigue Data Sheet, No.29(1982), pp.8,

15)Data Shee宅on Fatigue Properties of SUS403(12Cr)

   Stainless Steel Bars for Machine Stru伽ra1{Jse,NRIM

   Fatigue Da重a Sheet, No.30(1982), pp。12.

Page 37: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

34 SatGshi NISHIJ【MA

16)Data Sheet on Fatigue Properties of SUS303(18Cr-

   8Ni)Stainless Steel Bars for Machine S{ructural Use,

   NR.IM Fatigue Data Sheet, No.33σ983), pp.10.

17)Data Shee重on Low-Cycle Fat重gue Propertles of S25C

   (0.25C)Steel for Machine Struαural Use, NRIM

   Fa宅igue Data Shee重, Nα38(1984), pp.8.

18)Data Shee重on Low-Cycle Fat重gue Proper重至es of S35C

   (0。35C)Steel for Machine S£ruc加ral Use, NR.IM

   Fa£igue Data Sheet, No.39(1984), pp.18.

19)Data Sheet on Low-Cycle Fat呈gue Proper毛重es of S45C

   (0..45C)Steel for Machine Struc{ural Use, NRIM

   Fat圭gue Data Sheet, No.44(1985), pp.18.

20)Data Sheeωn Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of SCr440

   (0.40C-1Cr)S重eel for Machlne Structural Use, NRIM

   Fatlgue Da重a Shee毛, No.45(1985), pp.14.

21)Data Sheet on Low-Cycle Fadgue Proper重ies oぜ

   SCM435(0.35C-1Cr-0。2Mo)S£eel for Machine Structu-

   ral Use, NRIM Fatigue Data Shee重, No.52(1986),pp.

   16.

22)Data Sheet on Low-Cyc圭e Fadgue Proper毛ies of

   SNCM439(0.39C-1.8Ni1Cr-0.2Mo)S毛eel至or Machlne

   Structural Use, NRIM Fatigue Data Sheet, No.56

   σg87), p茎). 16.

23)Nlshijima, S., Mechanlcal Properties and Fa宅igue

   Strength of JIS Carbon, Chrom壼um and Chromium-

   Molybdenum Steels for Machine Structural Use,NRIM

   Fatigue Data Sheeゼrechn孟cal Documen重, in Japanese,

   No.1(198!), pp.93.

24)Nishilima, S.,Ishil, A., Kanazawa, K.,Matsuoka, S.,

    and Masuda, C., Fundamental Fatlgue Properties of

    JIS Steels for Machine Structural Use, NRIM Fatigue

    Data Sheet Technical Documents, in Japanese, No.5

    (1989),pp. 161.

25)N童shijima, S., Statistical Analysis o£Slnall Samp玉e

    Fatigue Da重a, in‘‘Statis重ica重Research on Fatigue and

    Fracture”, Tanaka, T., Nish壼jima, S., and王ch童kawa,

    M,£ds, Current Japanese Materials Research, Soc.

    Mat. ScL, Japan, VoL 2(1987), pp.1-19, Elsevier

    Applied Sc童.

26)Nishilima, S. and Ishii, A.,Parametric Representa纏on

    and Ana墨ys童s of S-N Data wlth Bl-Li訟ear Curve Fitting,

   Trans. NRIM,29(1987), pp.21-29.

27)Standard Me癒od o釜Statistical Fa重igue Testing, JSME

   SOO2-81(1981), pp.159, Japan Soc. Mech. Engineers.

28)Takeuchi,E,Matsuoka, S.,and Nishijima, S.,Fatigue

   Properties of SUS304 Steel at Room Temperature in

   Laboratory Air, Trans, NRIM,30(1988),pp。138-145。

29)Tanaka, K.,Nishijima, S.,Matsuoka, S.,Abe, T,,and

   Kouzu, E,Low-and High-Cycle Fatigue Ploperdes of

   Various Stee至s Sρeci且ed in JIS for Machine S{ructural

   Use,Fatigue Engng. Mat, Struct.,4(1981),pp.97-108.

30)ASTM A 255-1967, S£andard Method of E難d-Quench

   Test for】Elardenabi圭i£y of S重eels,(1967).

31)N重shilima, S,, Tanaka, K., and Sulniyoshi, H., Proc.

   6th Int. Conf, Fracture, India,3 (1984),1719.

32)JSMA Standard, Microscoplc Testing Method of Non-

   Me£a歪lic Inclusions for Spring Steels, Spring Manufaひ

   宅urers Assoc., Japan.

Page 38: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels

    for Machine Structural Use

by

Satoshi NISHIJIMA

NRIM Special Report (Technical Report)

     No.93一{)2

Date of issue:31 March,1993

     Editorial Colnmittee:

 Norio NAGATA__Cha廿man

Saburo MATSUOKA。.Cochai㎜an        Fujio ABE

      Hirohisa IIZUKA

     Kazuo KADOWAKI

    Mikihiko KOBAYASHI

      Yoshio SAKKA

    Masao TAKEYAMA     Kohei YAGISAWA

           Publisher, Contact:

          Hiroshi MATSUOKA

   PIanning Section, Administration Division

    National Research Institute for Metals

2-3-12,Nakameguro, Meguroku, Tokyo 153, Japan

Phone十81-3-3719-2271   Fax十81-3-3792-3337

       Copyright◎1993

            by

National Research Institute for Metals

Director-General Dr.】くazuyoshi NII

P盛nted by Tokyo Press Co.,Ltd.

Page 39: Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine ...

Basic Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels for Machine Structural Use

by

Satoshi NISH:IJIMA

NRIM Special Report (Technical Report)

      No.93-02

Contents

Abstract....................一.....99..............................願...................ロ.ロ........9畳9願.......9............匿

1.Introduction,..................噛.........99畳..願............,層.......9........................-.......ロ...9...........

2.Materials Sampling and Test Procedures.__._....___._.._.___.._._...____.

  2.1Test Materials....._._..._........._.._.___._._.....….・....….・.・...・・….…....….・・...

  2.2Heat Treatments......._.._._._........_........._.......,.・…....…・.・…・...・.・.…・...….…・

  2,3Test Procedures......__.._............__..._..._.,.__........_.................._._.._

  2.3.1Mechanical Properties Tests____..______..._..___._...__.____.

   2.3.2Fatigue Properties Tests_____.____..__._._____...__...___.._

  2.4Data Analyses__.._._______...・…・・………・.・………・………・…・…・……………・

  2.4.1Simultaneous Regression_____.__.____.....____.._.___..___..

  2.4.2Analysis of 5-2V Curve.....______。__.____..____.__.._____...

3.Reference Mechanical Properties of JIS Steels__.._..__.____.____.__..__.

                                                    ノ  3.1Variation of Properties due to Heat Treatment.___._.._____.._.___.___.

  3.2Correlation Between Machanical Properties..._____._.._._____._.____

   3.2.l Monotonic Strength Parameters___..._______._.____.____._._

   3.2.2Monotonic Ductility Parameters...__.___._.__..____.__.____..._

4.Reference Fatigue Properties of JIS Steels_....______.______..._._____.

  4.1Variation of Fatigue Strength due to Heat Treatment。......._.__..._....____...._.

  4.2Correlation Between Fatigue Strength and Mechanical Properties..__._.___..._._

  4.3CycHc Parameters_.._...__._.__...,____....._____..........____._....

5.Factors Affecting Fatigue Properties._._.____._.__.__.__.._____._.__

  5.1Quench Hardenability of Steels____.._._・__.._...______._____._.。.

  5.2Effect of Non-Metallic Inclusions._..........._..._.._._....._..........._.._..._....._

6.Concluding Remarks_.._______._..__..__.......___......_.____......_.

Ac㎞owledgements__._...______.......___...一._..._._._._...___.......__.

References......._.....一一...._._....._._............__....,...._......._.._..._..._....._。.....

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