BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future Dr. Patricia M. Dehmer Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science U.S.

BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the FutureServing the Present, Shaping the Future

Dr. Patricia M. DehmerDr. Patricia M. DehmerDirector, Office of Basic Energy SciencesDirector, Office of Basic Energy Sciences

Office of ScienceOffice of ScienceU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy

7 March 20057 March 20056 June 20056 June 2005

Basic Energy Sciences UpdateBasic Energy Sciences Update

Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of ScienceOffice of ScienceU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy

http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/

I.I. FY 2006 Budget UpdateFY 2006 Budget Update

II.II. Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future – An UpdateEnergy Future – An Update

3

The Big Budget ChartThe Big Budget Chart

O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

CURRENT YEAR (FY 2005)

Congressional Appropriation

Monthly AFP Changes

CURRENT YEAR + 1 (FY 2006)

OMB Budget Prep/Defense

Congressional Bud Prep

Budget Delivered to Congress

Congressional Hearings, ...

Congressional Appropriation

Initial AFP

Monthly AFP Changes

CURRENT YEAR + 2 (FY 2007)

Issuance of Unicall

FTPs Received

CRB Preparation

OMB Budget Prep/Defense

Congressional Bud Prep

Budget Delivered to Congress

Congressional Hearings, ...

Congressional Appropriation

Initial AFP

Monthly AFP Changes

FY 2006 FY 2007

FY 2007 budget and initiatives are being formulated (Administration)

YOU ARE HERE!June 2005

BESAC Mtg.

FY 2006 appropriation (Congress)

FY 2005

FY 2005 closeout (BES)

4

U.S. CompetitivenessU.S. Competitiveness

“Given the rising bar for competitiveness, the United States

needs to be in the lead or among the leaders in every major field

of research to sustain its innovation capabilities.”

U.S. Competitiveness 2001: Strengths, Vulnerabilities and Long Term Priorities, Council on

Competitiveness

(This was the lead slide in the FY 2006 Office of Science budget rollout presentation.)

FY 2006 funding 1.6% below FY 2005 appropriations (excluding Congressionally FY 2006 funding 1.6% below FY 2005 appropriations (excluding Congressionally directed projects) and 0.9% above the FY 2005 requestdirected projects) and 0.9% above the FY 2005 request

A difficult budget year – however, the Office of Science continues to provide world leadership in science and for energy security.

The budget forces us to make tough choices. SC’s prioritization provides for a strong and healthy future for U.S. science consistent with the 20-year facilities outlook.

Office of Science (excluding Congressionally directed projects)

Appropriations History (92–05), Request (06)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006Fiscal Year

FY

200

6 co

nst

ant

do

llar

s in

bil

lio

ns SSC

Office of ScienceOffice of ScienceFY 2006 Congressional Budget RequestFY 2006 Congressional Budget Request

FY 2004 Comparable

Approp.

FY 2005 President's

Request

FY 2005 Comparable

Approp.

FY 2006 President's

RequestScienceBasic Energy Sciences………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………991,262 1,063,530 1,104,632 1,146,017 +82,487 +7.8% +41,385 +3.7%

Advanced Scientific Computing Research………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………196,795 204,340 232,468 207,055 +2,715 +1.3% -25,413 -10.9%

Biological & Environmental Research………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………624,048 501,590 581,912 455,688 -45,902 -9.2% -126,224 -21.7%(Congressionally-directed projects)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(136,798) (——) (79,608) (——) (——) (——) (-79,608) (-100.0%)(Core Biological and Environmental Research)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(487,250) (501,590) (502,304) (455,688) (-45,902) (-9.2%) (-46,616) (-9.3%)

High Energy Physics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………716,170 737,380 736,444 713,933 -23,447 -3.2% -22,511 -3.1%

Nuclear Physics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………379,792 401,040 404,778 370,741 -30,299 -7.6% -34,037 -8.4%

Fusion Energy Sciences………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………255,859 264,110 273,903 290,550 +26,440 +10.0% +16,647 +6.1%

Science Laboratories Infrastructure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55,266 29,090 41,998 40,105 +11,015 +37.9% -1,893 -4.5%

Science Program Direction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………150,277 154,943 153,706 162,725 +7,782 +5.0% +9,019 +5.9%

Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6,432 7,660 7,599 7,192 -468 -6.1% -407 -5.4%

Small Business Innovation Research/Technology Transfer………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………114,915 —— —— —— —— —— —— ——

Safeguards and Security………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………56,730 67,710 67,168 68,712 +1,002 +1.5% +1,544 +2.3%

Subtotal, Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3,547,546 3,431,393 3,604,608 3,462,718 +31,325 +0.9% -141,890 -3.9%

Use of prior year balances………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………-11,173 —— -5,062 —— —— —— +5,062 +100.0%

Total, Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3,536,373 3,431,393 3,599,546 3,462,718 +31,325 +0.9% -136,828 -3.8%(Total, excluding Congressionally-directed projects)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(3,399,575) (3,431,393) (3,519,938) (3,462,718) (+31,325) (+0.9%) (-57,220) (-1.6%)

FY 2006 Request vs. FY 2005

Appropriation

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2006 Request vs. FY 2005 Request

Office of ScienceOffice of ScienceFY 2006 Congressional Budget RequestFY 2006 Congressional Budget Request

FY 2004 Comparable

Approp.

FY 2005 President's

Request

FY 2005 Comparable

Approp.

FY 2006 President's

RequestScienceBasic Energy Sciences………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………991,262 1,063,530 1,104,632 1,146,017 +82,487 +7.8% +41,385 +3.7%

Advanced Scientific Computing Research………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………196,795 204,340 232,468 207,055 +2,715 +1.3% -25,413 -10.9%

Biological & Environmental Research………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………624,048 501,590 581,912 455,688 -45,902 -9.2% -126,224 -21.7%(Congressionally-directed projects)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(136,798) (——) (79,608) (——) (——) (——) (-79,608) (-100.0%)(Core Biological and Environmental Research)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(487,250) (501,590) (502,304) (455,688) (-45,902) (-9.2%) (-46,616) (-9.3%)

High Energy Physics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………716,170 737,380 736,444 713,933 -23,447 -3.2% -22,511 -3.1%

Nuclear Physics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………379,792 401,040 404,778 370,741 -30,299 -7.6% -34,037 -8.4%

Fusion Energy Sciences………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………255,859 264,110 273,903 290,550 +26,440 +10.0% +16,647 +6.1%

Science Laboratories Infrastructure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55,266 29,090 41,998 40,105 +11,015 +37.9% -1,893 -4.5%

Science Program Direction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………150,277 154,943 153,706 162,725 +7,782 +5.0% +9,019 +5.9%

Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6,432 7,660 7,599 7,192 -468 -6.1% -407 -5.4%

Small Business Innovation Research/Technology Transfer………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………114,915 —— —— —— —— —— —— ——

Safeguards and Security………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………56,730 67,710 67,168 68,712 +1,002 +1.5% +1,544 +2.3%

Subtotal, Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3,547,546 3,431,393 3,604,608 3,462,718 +31,325 +0.9% -141,890 -3.9%

Use of prior year balances………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………-11,173 —— -5,062 —— —— —— +5,062 +100.0%

Total, Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3,536,373 3,431,393 3,599,546 3,462,718 +31,325 +0.9% -136,828 -3.8%(Total, excluding Congressionally-directed projects)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(3,399,575) (3,431,393) (3,519,938) (3,462,718) (+31,325) (+0.9%) (-57,220) (-1.6%)

FY 2006 Request vs. FY 2005

Appropriation

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2006 Request vs. FY 2005 Request

1,173,149

246,055

525,688(35,000)

(490,688)

735,933

408,341

296,155

42,105

162,725

7,192

74,317(?)

3,666,055(3,631,055)

HouseMark

+3.75%

Includes all facilities except the Combustion Research Facility

Includes the Combustion Research Facility

+3.75%

Materials Sciences and Engineering…Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences ……………...…

10

A Tour of the FY 2006 BES Budget without Reading 106 PagesA Tour of the FY 2006 BES Budget without Reading 106 Pages

Page 59 Page 164

…106 pages

11

Budget Numbers Only – 106 pages reduces to 2 pagesBudget Numbers Only – 106 pages reduces to 2 pages

Remember that FY 2005 column includes the $50M Congressional add on provided during the appropriation process last year.

12

Construction is Fully FundedConstruction is Fully Funded

13

Operation of Scientific User FacilitiesOperation of Scientific User Facilities

$30M was provided to BES in FY 2006 for support of the SLAC linac. This begins the transition from HEP to BES ownership. This addition alone accounts for +2.72% increase in BES budget.

14

Research in the Division of Materials Sciences and EngineeringResearch in the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering

-4,000

15

Research in the Div. of Chemical Sci., Geosciences, BiosciencesResearch in the Div. of Chemical Sci., Geosciences, Biosciences

16

BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES

The Committee recommendation for Basic Energy Sciences is $1,173,149,000, an increase of $27,132,000 over the budget request. …

Research.—The Committee recommendation includes $772,025,000 for materials sciences and engineering, and $223,051,000 for chemical sciences, geosciences, and energy biosciences. An additional $19,737,000 is provided to maintain operating time on the Basic Energy Sciences user facilities at fiscal year 2005 levels, and an additional $7,395,000 is provided to restore university grants for core research in the basic energy sciences. The Committee recommendation funds nanoscale science research and the science research portion of the hydrogen initiative at the requested levels. Also included within this account is $7,280,000 for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), the same as the budget request.

Construction.—The Committee recommendation includes $178,073,000 for Basic Energy Sciences construction projects, the same as the requested amount. The Committee recommendation provides the requested funding of: $41,744,000 for the Spallation Neutron Source (99–E–334) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; $2,544,000 for Title I and Title II design work (03–SC–002) and $83,000,000 to initiate construction (05–R–320) for the Linac Coherent Light Source at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; $36,553,000 for the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (05–R– 321) at Brookhaven National Laboratory; $9,606,000 for the Molecular Foundry (04–R–313) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and $4,626,000 for the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (03–R–313) at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories.

FY 2006 Budget – House MarkFY 2006 Budget – House Mark

17

18

Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy FutureBasic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future

“Considering the urgency of the energy problem, the magnitude of the needed scientific breakthroughs, and the historic rate of scientific discovery, current efforts will likely be too little, too late. Accordingly, BESAC believes that a new national energy research program is essential and must be initiated with the intensity and commitment of the Manhattan Project, and sustained until this problem is solved.”

BESAC Report, February 2003

19

Fossil Carbon Energy Sources

Coal

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,…

Basic Research for a Secure Energy FutureSupply, Consumption, and Carbon Management,

Non-Carbon or Carbon Neutral Energy Sources/

Carriers

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fusion

Hydropower

Renewables

Hydrogen

Biomass

Geothermal

Ocean

Wind

Solar

Carbon Management

CO2 Sequestration

Carbon Recycle

Geologic

Terrestrial

Oceanic

Global Climate Change Science

Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship

Energy Consumption

Transportation

Buildings

Industry

Workshop #1

Workshop #2

21

Basic Research for Hydrogen Production, Storage and Use WorkshopBasic Research for Hydrogen Production, Storage and Use Workshop May 13-15, 2003 May 13-15, 2003

“Bridging the gaps that separate the hydrogen- and fossil-fuel based economies in cost, performance, and reliability goes far beyond incremental advances in the present state of the art. Rather, fundamental breakthroughs are needed in the understanding and control of chemical and physical processes involved in the production, storage, and use of hydrogen. Of particular importance is the need to understand the atomic and molecular processes that occur at the interface of hydrogen with materials in order to develop new materials suitable for use in a hydrogen economy. New materials are needed for membranes, catalysts, and fuel cell assemblies that perform at much higher levels, at much lower cost, and with much longer lifetimes. Such breakthroughs will require revolutionary, not evolutionary, advances. Discovery of new materials, new chemical processes, and new synthesis techniques that leapfrog technical barriers is required. This kind of progress can be achieved only with highly innovative, basic research.”

Workshop Chair: Millie Dresselhaus (MIT)Associate Chairs: George Crabtree (ANL)

Michelle Buchanan (ORNL)

22

Two solicitations (one for grants and one for FFRDCs) were issued in April 2004. FFRDCs were limited to six submissions as leading institution. There was no limit on the number of submissions for universities.

668 qualified preproposals were received by July 15, 2004 in the following five categories. – Novel Materials for Hydrogen Storage– Membranes for Separation, Purification, and Ion Transport– Design of Catalysts at the Nanoscale– Solar Hydrogen Production – Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes

227 full proposals were received by January 4, 2005.

BES Solicitation for Basic Research for Hydrogen Fuel InitiativeBES Solicitation for Basic Research for Hydrogen Fuel Initiative

Storage (50)

Membranes

(52)Catalysis (56)

Solar(49)

Bio-Inspired (20)

Full Proposals Submitted

70 hydrogen research projects have been selected. Participants in the projects include more than 50 research organizations in 25 states. A total of $64 million over three years will be provided by the Department to the awardees, subject to Congressional appropriations. Slightly over half of the funding is for university grants.

Full Proposals Awarded

Storage (17)

Membranes(16) Catalysis (18)

Solar(13)

Bio-Inspired

(6)

23

Pre-proposal

Received

Grant Lab

Pre-proposal

Encouraged

Grant Lab

Full Proposal

Received

Grant Lab

Proposal

Funded

Grant Lab

Novel Materials for Hydrogen Storage 173 26

41 15 38 12 11 6

Membranes for Separation, Purification, Ion Transport 159 16 52 11 41 11 13 3Design of Catalysts at the Nanoscale 142 10 61 7 49 7 13 5

Solar Hydrogen Production 75 13 41 10 39 10 10 3Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes 46 8 20 3 17 3 5 1

Total595 73 215 46 184 43 52 18

BES Solicitation for Basic Research for Hydrogen Fuel InitiativeBES Solicitation for Basic Research for Hydrogen Fuel Initiative

Distribution of FY05 BES Hydrogen Solicitation Proposals and Awards

668 261 227 70

Fossil Carbon Energy Sources

Coal

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,…

Basic Research for a Secure Energy FutureSupply, Consumption, and Carbon Management,

Non-Carbon or Carbon Neutral Energy Sources/

Carriers

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fusion

Hydropower

Renewables

Hydrogen

Biomass

Geothermal

Ocean

Wind

Solar

Carbon Management

CO2 Sequestration

Carbon Recycle

Geologic

Terrestrial

Oceanic

Global Climate Change Science

Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship

Energy Consumption

Transportation

Buildings

Industry

Workshop #1

Workshop #2

26

I. Mission challenges – energy security Basic Research Needs for a Secure Energy Future (BESAC) Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs (NSTC) Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy (BES) Basic Research Needs for Effective Solar Energy Utilization (BES) Other topics for near-term workshops include:

Materials sciences for advanced energy systems and other select materials problems Efficient, benign chemistry and materials synthesis and processing

II. Fundamental science challenges that underpin the mission The ultrasmall: Science at the nanoscale – the length scale where materials properties

and functionality develop. The ultrafast: Science at femtosecond and shorter timescales – the time scale where

chemistry happens. Complexity: Science of systems that exhibit emergent properties not anticipated from an

understanding of the components. Theory, modeling, and simulation (TMS): Explaining, predicting, simulating.

III. Enabling tools – Major scientific user facilities & other special instruments Scientific user facilities for the Nation

Facilities that provide the fundamental probes of matter – photons, neutrons, and electrons – for materials characterization. Also, instrumentation and sample environments at these facilities.

Nanoscale Science Research Centers – facilities for fabrication, characterization, and TMS. Facilities and tools for ultrafast science – the Linac Coherent Light Source; table-top ultrafast

laser systems; and, eventually, time-resolved electron beam characterization.

Basic Research for DOE Missions is a Prime Investment StrategyBasic Research for DOE Missions is a Prime Investment Strategy

Basic Basic Research Research Needs for Needs for

Effective Solar Effective Solar Energy Energy

UtilizationUtilizationApril 18-21, 2005

Workshop ChairProfessor Nate Lewis

CalTech

All of these reports may be downloaded athttp://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html