BASIC CONCEPTS IN THE WORLD OF CREATIVITY
Feb 23, 2016
BASIC CONCEPTS IN THE WORLD OF CREATIVITY
Creativity is…
Types of creativity BIG C Sublime creativity Prime creativity
Small c Everyday creativity Minor creativity
BIG C Creative individual
Leonardo da Vinci, al-Jazari, P. Ramlee, Sun-Tzu, Nicola Tesla, Edison, Einstein etc.
Creative organisation Sun System, ICI, Seiko, Microsoft, BMW, MG, Boeing,
Coca Cola, McDonald, Toyota, HP, Arthur Anderson, MAN, MOTOROLA, DELL, AT&T, CNN, NABISCO etc.
Creative country USA, Finland, Singapore, Luxembourg, Sweden,
Ireland, Holland, UK, Iceland etc.(Global Competitiveness Report 2000)
Small c Everybody
Thinking Paradigm Old Thinking Innovative Thinking
Competition National Focus Globally Driven
Growth Drivers Labor/Capital Knowledge/Creativity
Workers skills Job Specific Broad/Cross Training
Education Degree/Job Skills Lifelong Learning
Organization Structure Hierarchical Networked & Horizontal
Markets Stable Dynamic & Changing
Production Mass Production Fluid & Flexible
Research Lower Priority Constant & High Profile
Technology Drivers Mechanized Digitalized
Competitive Advantage Lower Cost/Efficiency Innovation, High Quality & Speed
Traditional Thinking vs Innovative Thinking
Larry R. Williams (2002) in 8 Windows to Creative Thinking
“Innovation is a process by which new information emerges and is concretized in a product that
meets human needs”. (Nonaka & Kenney, 1991)
“…is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product, service, or
method of operation”(Stephen & David, 2001)
“Innovating is a process of changing, experimenting, transforming, revolutionizing…”
(Robins & Coulter, 2002)
“Innovation is the process of generating something new and viable that adds ‘value’ to an individual, organization or society”
(Ed Benacki, 2002)
Innovation is…
“Innovation is typically thought of as putting creative ideas to work. In the world of business, it connotes a new product or service or process by
which an enterprise can make money or save money. In the world of science, innovators are
often seen as those scientists and researchers who can convert a new substances or a new finding
into a commercially viable product. Innovation has always been one of the key engines or growth for
commerce and industry”. (Janszen, 2000)
“Innovations means taking new ideas and turning them into corporate and marketplace”
(Jeff & Richard, 2003)
“Innovation refers to the process of bringing any new, problem solving idea into use. Ideas for reorganizing, cutting costs, putting in new budgetary systems, improving communication or assembling products teams are also innovations.”
(Kanter, 1983)
OBJECTIVE OF INNOVATION
1. MINIMISE COST2. IMPROVE QUALITY3. UPGRADE PERFORMANCE
1. Improvement.2. Additional.3. New
Alan G. Robinson & Sam Stern (1998). Corporate Creativity: How Innovation & Improvement Actually Happen.
TYPE OF INNOVATION1. SOCIAL INNOVATIONEfficiency innovation - Kwik-Fit (tyre & exhaust
service), Toyota & JIT, Benetton & ‘colourless fabric’, Ramly Burger & small outlet etc.
2. TECHNICAL INNOVATION Evolutionary innovation (incremental) -
RAM, mobile phone etc. Revolutionary innovation (radical) - new
RAM, new xerox machine etc.
Additional reading: Clayton M. Christensen (2000). Innovation & The General Manager.
Invention• Invenire - exist; Invent - to create.• Lorraine (1997): “Invention is the process through which something is produced or constructed by original thought.”• Braun (1998): “An invention is a novel technological idea that need never reach production or the market.”• Bell (2001): “Invention is science-driven, and today ultimately derives from the codification of theoretical knowledge, and from the the unfolding logic of technology, such as miniaturization, greater speeds, use of and adaptation to new materials etc.”
Type of INVENTION1. Concrete product.
• The product could be observed.• Commersialised.• e.g. TV, biodegradable plastic bag etc.
2. Abstract product.• Social invention.• The ‘products’ include formula, method,
strategy, tactic etc.• e.g. Hypermarket, OMO, TnG,
CRE8TVTEA , INNONATION & INVENTION
Risks & Unknown Territory
Richard Fobes (1999), The Creative Problem Solver
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INNOVATION & INVENTION (1ST PERSPECTIVE)
Invention InnovationCreating a novel product.
Modifying a product.
High risk. Low risk.Unexpected result.
Expected result.
Personal satisfaction.
Commercial orientation; making profit for the organisation.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INNOVATION & INVENTION (2ND PERSPECTIVE)
Invention InnovationInvolves directly to technology.
Not directly involved to technology.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVENTOR AND INNOVATOR
Inventor Innovator
Someone who creates or
produces an original device, idea or process.
e.g. Edison
Someone who takes new ideas and
turning them into corporate and marketplace.
e.g. Morita
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Science
Technology
Engineering
Invention
Science Technology
Goal:Pursuit of knowledge and understanding for its own sake
The creation of artifacts and systems to meet people's needs
Goals achieved through:
Corresponding Scientific Processes
Key Technological Processes
Development Methods:
Discovery (controlled by experimentation)
Design, invention, production
Evaluation Methods: Analysis, generalization and creation of theories
Analysis and synthesis of design
Motto:Reductionism, involving the isolation and definition of distinct concepts
Holism, involving the integration of many competing demands, theories, data and ideas
Result Relevance: Making virtually value-free statements
Activities always value-laden
Mission: The search for and theorizing about cause
The search for and theorizing about new processes
Sains Teknologi
(1) Ilmu. Teknik. (2) Satu penyiasatan secara teori/
eksperimen yang sering bersistem terhadap alam tabii.
Teknologi tertentu.
(3) Satu bentuk aktiviti budaya. Satu bentuk aktiviti budaya. (4) Satu usaha menyeluruh secara
berkelompok dan tertentu dalam masyarakat.
Satu usaha menyeluruh secara berkelompok dan tertentu dalam masyarakat.
(Sumber: Azizan, 1993)
Saintis Ahli teknologi
Melakukan. Membangunkan sistem untuk menterjemahkan maklumat dan idea.
Tanya soalan (inquiry) tentang kejadian yang berlaku kepada alam semula jadi.
Membina bangunan, jambatan, kenderaan dan lain-lain.
Menemui dan mencadangkan teori baru.
Menghasilkan produk dan barangan.
Melakukan eksperimen dalam keadaan yang terkawal.
Membawa manusia dan barangan.
Mengesah dan menafikan teori.
Melakukan pembiakan tumbuh-tumbuhan dan haiwan ternakan baru.
(Sumber: Hacker dan Barden, 1992)
Peringkat Sumbangan kejuruteraan Penanaman dan penuaian
Sensor dan penyeliaan, alat menuai
Pra-proses Pengisaran, pengeringan dan penyimpanan, ujian kualiti Pemprosesan Kaedah ekstrak, on-line sensors, analisis kimia,
optimization, sintesis proses dan reka bentuk, kaedah ekstrak terkini, batch process optimization
Tambah nilai dan pengeluaran produk akhir
Pengeringan spray atau penyejukan, campuran dan formulasi, pemprosesan batch, kejuruteraan pengeluaran, pengeluaran hasil akhir (kapsul, tablet atau lain-lain).
(Sumber: Ramlan Abdul Aziz, Mohamad Roji Sarmidi, Sivakumar Kumaresan dan
Dominic Chwan Yee Foo, 2005)