Basic computer for_small_business from rajesh

Basic Computer for Basic Computer for Small Business Small Business

Table of ContentsTable of Contents What is a What is a ComputerComputer Computer HardwareComputer Hardware Examples of Computer HardwareExamples of Computer Hardware Computer SoftwareComputer Software Computer Input DevicesComputer Input Devices Computer Output DevicesComputer Output Devices General Understanding of how your computer worksGeneral Understanding of how your computer works Basic Computer QuizBasic Computer Quiz Answers to Basic Computer QuizAnswers to Basic Computer Quiz Basic Computer Terms and DefinitionsBasic Computer Terms and Definitions

Definition of ComputerDefinition of Computer

A device that computes, A device that computes, especially a programmable especially a programmable electronic machine that electronic machine that performs high-speed performs high-speed mathematical or logical mathematical or logical operations or that operations or that assembles, stores, assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise correlates, or otherwise processes information. processes information.

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Computers Have Two Main PartsComputers Have Two Main Parts

1.1. Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

2.2. Computer SoftwareComputer Software

What is Computer Hardware?What is Computer Hardware? Computer Hardware is the Computer Hardware is the

physical part of the computer physical part of the computer system, the machinery and system, the machinery and equipment. equipment.

Parts of the computer “you can Parts of the computer “you can see”see”

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Examples of Computer HardwareExamples of Computer Hardware

Monitor: T.V. like screen used to show pictures and words

CPU: Central Processing Unit this is where most of the computer’s calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computing system.

Keyboard: This device is used to type information into the computer and contains the numbers 0-9.

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More Computer HardwareMore Computer Hardware

Mouse: a small device, which you move across the top of the desk to move the pointer or cursor on the screen.

Printer: used to make a paper copy of the information into the computer.

Image Scanner: an electronic device that generates a digital representation of an image for data input to a computer

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What is Computer Software?What is Computer Software?

Computer Software are programs that tell the Computer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do.computer what to do.

ExamplesExamples Microsoft Word-word processing programMicrosoft Word-word processing program Microsoft PowerPoint-presentation programMicrosoft PowerPoint-presentation program Microsoft Excel-work book program used to Microsoft Excel-work book program used to

track, calculate, and analyze numeric datatrack, calculate, and analyze numeric data

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Computer Input DevicesComputer Input Devices Computer Devices that input information in the Computer Devices that input information in the

computercomputer

ExamplesExamples Key BoardKey Board MouseMouse ScannerScanner Digital CameraDigital Camera

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Computer Output DevicesComputer Output Devices

Computer Devices that output information Computer Devices that output information from the computer.from the computer.

ExamplesExamples MonitorMonitor PrinterPrinter

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General Understanding of howGeneral Understanding of how your computer works! your computer works!

OverviewOverviewTo understand anything it helps to break it down into it 's basic To understand anything it helps to break it down into it 's basic components. Then you need to know how each component components. Then you need to know how each component works. Finally you look at how all the components work works. Finally you look at how all the components work together to achieve the desired end product or result. together to achieve the desired end product or result.

MotherboardMotherboardIt is the main It is the main circuit boardcircuit board inside the CPU case. It holds the inside the CPU case. It holds the microprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits and microprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits and components that control the operation of the Personal components that control the operation of the Personal Computer. Every device inside or connected to a Personal Computer. Every device inside or connected to a Personal Computer f inds it 's way to this board. Computer f inds it 's way to this board.

MemoryMemoryThe mother board takes the input you give i t l ike The mother board takes the input you give i t l ike mouse mouse cl ickscl icks , and produces output for you l ike displaying or , and produces output for you l ike displaying or printing a fi le. It can't do this without memory. The PC printing a fi le. It can't do this without memory. The PC operating systemoperating system used by the PC is copied from storage used by the PC is copied from storage to memory at power up. The OS copy in memory then to memory at power up. The OS copy in memory then runs the PC. Memory is volati le which means that when runs the PC. Memory is volati le which means that when your PC is turned off the contents of memory are lost. It your PC is turned off the contents of memory are lost. It is completely blank and must reloaded each time the PC is completely blank and must reloaded each time the PC is powered up.is powered up.

StorageStorageStorage is non-volati le which means it retains information Storage is non-volati le which means it retains information even when it is powered off. It stores programs which run even when it is powered off. It stores programs which run the PC as well as data, which is a digital form of the PC as well as data, which is a digital form of everything you use l ike documents, music, pictures, etc everything you use l ike documents, music, pictures, etc

Input DevicesInput DevicesThe keyboard and mouse are the main input devices you The keyboard and mouse are the main input devices you use to control your PC. use to control your PC.

Output DevicesOutput DevicesWhen you send inputs into the PC, it processes them and When you send inputs into the PC, it processes them and produces useful output for you. The primary output devices produces useful output for you. The primary output devices are the video display, are the video display, printerprinter and speakers. and speakers.

SoftwareSoftwareSome people want to use the power of their Some people want to use the power of their computercomputer to to create works of art, others want to create works of art, others want to create musiccreate music , or play , or play games, surf the web, or play the stock market. Whatever games, surf the web, or play the stock market. Whatever you want to do with your computer, software is the key to you want to do with your computer, software is the key to doing it. doing it.

What happens when your PC is powered on?What happens when your PC is powered on?With a simple push of a button, your computer comes to With a simple push of a button, your computer comes to l i fe. l i fe.

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Basic Computer QuizBasic Computer Quiz1.1. What is Computer Hardware?What is Computer Hardware?

2.2. What is Computer Software?What is Computer Software?

3.3. Can you operate a Computer with out the Computer Software?Can you operate a Computer with out the Computer Software?

4.4. How can Computer Software help your business?How can Computer Software help your business?

5.5. What are Computer Input devices?What are Computer Input devices?

6.6. What are Computer Output devices?What are Computer Output devices?

7.7. Where is the Mother Board located?Where is the Mother Board located?

8.8. Name a couple of Computer Software.Name a couple of Computer Software.

9.9. Define InternetDefine Internet

10.10. How would the Internet help your business?How would the Internet help your business?

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Answers to Basic Computer QuizAnswers to Basic Computer Quiz1.1. Computer Hardware is the physical part of the computer system, the Computer Hardware is the physical part of the computer system, the

machinery and equipment. For example: Monitor, Key Board, Printer and machinery and equipment. For example: Monitor, Key Board, Printer and more.more.

2.2. Computer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do. For Computer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do. For Example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and more.Example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and more.

3.3. No. You need Computer Software to operate a computer, with out the No. You need Computer Software to operate a computer, with out the computer software the computer will be nothing more than just computer computer software the computer will be nothing more than just computer hardware.hardware.

4.4. There are computer software that can help your business, for example, There are computer software that can help your business, for example, Accounting software can help you do taxes and pay roll faster than by Accounting software can help you do taxes and pay roll faster than by hand. The computer soft ware will calculate numbers for you.hand. The computer soft ware will calculate numbers for you.

5.5. Input Computer Devices are computer devices that input information into Input Computer Devices are computer devices that input information into the computer for example, the mouse, keyboard and scanner.the computer for example, the mouse, keyboard and scanner.

6.6. Output Computer Devices are computer devices that output information Output Computer Devices are computer devices that output information from the computer like the printer and the monitor.from the computer like the printer and the monitor.

7.7. Mother Board is the main Mother Board is the main circuit boardcircuit board inside the CPU case. It holds the inside the CPU case. It holds the microprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits and components that microprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits and components that control the operation of the Personal Computer.control the operation of the Personal Computer.

8.8. Computer Software comes in many programs. Here are a few that you might Computer Software comes in many programs. Here are a few that you might be familiar with, Microsoft Word, for word processing documents, Microsoft be familiar with, Microsoft Word, for word processing documents, Microsoft PowerPoint for creating professional graphic slide presentations and PowerPoint for creating professional graphic slide presentations and Microsoft Access for creating database.Microsoft Access for creating database.

99.. Internet:  A world wide network that connects millions of computers to share Internet:  A world wide network that connects millions of computers to share and exchange data, business, news, opinions, and research results.  The and exchange data, business, news, opinions, and research results.  The Internet is not the same as the World Wide Web  (WWW). The World Wide Internet is not the same as the World Wide Web  (WWW). The World Wide

Web is a service that is provided on the Internet.Web is a service that is provided on the Internet.   

10.10. The internet can advertise your business and network all over the world. The internet can advertise your business and network all over the world. This will help your marketing and boost sales and networking for your This will help your marketing and boost sales and networking for your business.business.

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Basic Computer Terms and DefinitionsBasic Computer Terms and DefinitionsCPU:CPU: This computer component has several names: Central Processing Unit, This computer component has several names: Central Processing Unit,

microprocessor or processor. This unit is the brain of the computer processes and microprocessor or processor. This unit is the brain of the computer processes and executes instructions in a software program. The CPU’s primary functions include executes instructions in a software program. The CPU’s primary functions include retrieving instructions from the computer’s memory, including random access retrieving instructions from the computer’s memory, including random access memory, comprehending and executing instructions, and directing the input and memory, comprehending and executing instructions, and directing the input and output activity of the computer.   output activity of the computer.   

Desktop:Desktop: The first screen that you see when any Windows operating system screen is The first screen that you see when any Windows operating system screen is up and running. One of the main purposes of the Desktop is to make it easier to up and running. One of the main purposes of the Desktop is to make it easier to access different application programs, files and documents. access different application programs, files and documents.

File:File: Unit for storing information that may include a word-processing document, a Unit for storing information that may include a word-processing document, a spreadsheet, a picture, a graphic, musical piece, or even part of an application spreadsheet, a picture, a graphic, musical piece, or even part of an application program. Examples of "files" include text files which could be a letter or report and program. Examples of "files" include text files which could be a letter or report and graphic files which could be a picture. Each file has a name because the data or graphic files which could be a picture. Each file has a name because the data or information created in a software program is saved with a file name. information created in a software program is saved with a file name.

Folder:Folder:  Method for organizing files that is related by topic, by purpose, by type, by   Method for organizing files that is related by topic, by purpose, by type, by program, or even by a project that you are working on. NOTE: When an application program, or even by a project that you are working on. NOTE: When an application program is loaded onto your computer, it will group similar applications in a folder. program is loaded onto your computer, it will group similar applications in a folder. As you add or create files, you can organize them however you want.As you add or create files, you can organize them however you want.

Hyperlink:Hyperl ink: Allows you to move from one web page document to another.  I t Allows you to move from one web page document to another.  I t can be text which is usually underl ined or a graphic.  When you move can be text which is usually underl ined or a graphic.  When you move your mouse over a hyperl ink, the mouse cursor usually becomes a your mouse over a hyperl ink, the mouse cursor usually becomes a hand which indicates a hyperl ink is present.  Once you click on hand which indicates a hyperl ink is present.  Once you click on the l ink, you move to another web page document or to another place the l ink, you move to another web page document or to another place on the same web page.on the same web page.

Icon:Icon: A small picture that represents processing options such as A small picture that represents processing options such as programs, documents, and shortcuts.  When you click on the icon, the programs, documents, and shortcuts.  When you click on the icon, the f i le or program wil l open.  The most easily recognized icon is the f i le or program wil l open.  The most easily recognized icon is the Recycle Bin which is the graphic below.  Recycle Bin which is the graphic below. 

   Input:Input: Commonly known as data and refers to numbers, letters, words, Commonly known as data and refers to numbers, letters, words, images, video, music and even sounds. Other computer input includes images, video, music and even sounds. Other computer input includes commands and user response. A command directs the computer to commands and user response. A command directs the computer to execute tasks or perform certain activit ies. One example of a execute tasks or perform certain activit ies. One example of a command is a command buttons OK, Cancel and Help seen on the Shut command is a command buttons OK, Cancel and Help seen on the Shut Down Windows dialog box.Down Windows dialog box.

   Internet:Internet:   A world wide network that connects mil l ions of computers to   A world wide network that connects mil l ions of computers to share and exchange data, news, opinions, and research results.  The share and exchange data, news, opinions, and research results.  The Internet is not the same as the World Wide Web  (WWW).  The World Internet is not the same as the World Wide Web  (WWW).  The World Wide Web is a service that is provided on the Internet.  Wide Web is a service that is provided on the Internet. 

Keyboard: Keyboard: The keyboard is an input device that allows you to enter The keyboard is an input device that allows you to enter letters, numbers and symbols into your computer. The keyboard keys letters, numbers and symbols into your computer. The keyboard keys include the alphanumeric keys ( letters and numbers), numeric keypad, include the alphanumeric keys ( letters and numbers), numeric keypad, special function keys, mouse cursor moving keys, and status l ights. special function keys, mouse cursor moving keys, and status l ights.

Files and FoldersFiles and Folders : : Think of a computer folder as being similar to a filing cabinet Think of a computer folder as being similar to a filing cabinet folder, whereas a computer file is similar to the pieces of paper that are placed in the folder, whereas a computer file is similar to the pieces of paper that are placed in the folders.folders.

Graphic User Interface (GUIGraphic User Interface (GUI ):): Combines text and graphics to make software easier Combines text and graphics to make software easier

to use. Graphical User Interface features include icons, windows, menus, and to use. Graphical User Interface features include icons, windows, menus, and buttons.buttons.

  Hard CopyHard Copy :: Usually refers to a printout on paper. Usually refers to a printout on paper.   Hard Drive:Hard Drive:   The purpose of the hard drive is to store information.  This device that   The purpose of the hard drive is to store information.  This device that

allows the computer to permanently retain and store data like the operating system, allows the computer to permanently retain and store data like the operating system, programs and information data.  The hard drive holds more data than a diskette and programs and information data.  The hard drive holds more data than a diskette and accesses information faster than on diskettes.  accesses information faster than on diskettes.  Storage refers to the capability of Storage refers to the capability of storing things, and as for the computer, it is information.storing things, and as for the computer, it is information.

Hardware:Hardware:  Refers to any component of the computer system that you can like the  Refers to any component of the computer system that you can like the monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, computer unit, scanner, speakers and even the monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, computer unit, scanner, speakers and even the components inside of the computer unit if you opened the box up. components inside of the computer unit if you opened the box up. 

Menu:Menu: List of options that may be commands or other options from which you can List of options that may be commands or other options from which you can choose from. The following illustration is the File Menu Bar command menu list.choose from. The following illustration is the File Menu Bar command menu list.

Mouse:Mouse: Besides a keyboard, a mouse is the most common input device for a computer.  Besides a keyboard, a mouse is the most common input device for a computer.  The mouse is a small, palm-sized input device that you move across a flat surface, The mouse is a small, palm-sized input device that you move across a flat surface, such as a desktop, to control the movement of the pointer on the screen. Technically, such as a desktop, to control the movement of the pointer on the screen. Technically, there are many operations that are much easier to perform with a mouse than a there are many operations that are much easier to perform with a mouse than a keyboard because you can just point and click to select an item on a screen or keyboard because you can just point and click to select an item on a screen or choose an item from a list of options.  choose an item from a list of options. 

Mouse Commands:Mouse Commands:  Before examining the various commands, you must understand   Before examining the various commands, you must understand how to execute each mouse command. The mouse commands include move, point, how to execute each mouse command. The mouse commands include move, point, click, deselect, double-click, drag, and right-click. click, deselect, double-click, drag, and right-click.

My Computer:My Computer: An icon that opens into a folder of icons for all of the resources on the  An icon that opens into a folder of icons for all of the resources on the computer like the hard drive and printer. computer like the hard drive and printer. 

Operating System:Operating System: Software that acts as an interface between you, the application  Software that acts as an interface between you, the application software (like word processing or accessing the Internet), and the computer software (like word processing or accessing the Internet), and the computer components. This includes interpreting and carrying out basic instructions that components. This includes interpreting and carrying out basic instructions that operate a computer like recognizing information from the keyboard and mouse, operate a computer like recognizing information from the keyboard and mouse, sending information to the monitor, printer, or speakers and scanners, storing sending information to the monitor, printer, or speakers and scanners, storing information to the hard drive and removable drives. Common operating systems information to the hard drive and removable drives. Common operating systems include Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and MAC OS. include Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and MAC OS.

RAM:RAM: This is an acronym for Random Access Memory.  This memory is a This is an acronym for Random Access Memory.  This memory is a work area or a temporary storage space where the computer places work area or a temporary storage space where the computer places program information so that it can execute the program instructions program information so that it can execute the program instructions and information.  When the program or f i le is closed, the data or and information.  When the program or f i le is closed, the data or programs are removed from RAM.  The amount of RAM you have on programs are removed from RAM.  The amount of RAM you have on your computer  is crucial in determining how many programs can be your computer  is crucial in determining how many programs can be opened (running) and how much data is available for each program.  opened (running) and how much data is available for each program.  RAM is available in MB or megabytes. RAM is available in MB or megabytes. An example is 256MB of RAM.An example is 256MB of RAM.

  Select:Select: A single left mouse click to select a f i le or folder icon.  A single left mouse click to select a f i le or folder icon.    Software:Software: Instructions that provide the computer with step-by-step actions Instructions that provide the computer with step-by-step actions

that need to be executed to complete a specif ic task.  A computer wil l that need to be executed to complete a specif ic task.  A computer wil l not function with software.not function with software.

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