Basic Class 1

8/3/2019 Basic Class 1

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Created by:

DEVIKA H. PANCHASARA


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What is a computer?

yA computer is an electronic devicecapable of accepting and manipulatingdata to give meaningful results.


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Benefits of Using ComputersBenefits of Using Computers

yError-free calculations

y

SpeedyFlexibility

yStorage

yConsistency and repetition


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Types of ComputersTypes of ComputersySupercomputer: most powerful -Used

to do things like predict hurricanesand navigate satellites

yMainframes and Minicomputers:

Used by business and government toprocess large amounts of information


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yPersonal computers: smaller and lesspowerful than the other types ofcomputers

yDesktop

yNotebook or TabletyLaptop


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A computer has four functions:

yAccepts data

y Processes data

y Produces output

y Stores results

y Input

y Processing

y Outputy Storage


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Block Diagram

7


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Computers Have Two Main Parts

1. Computer Hardware

2. Computer Software


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W

hat is Computer Hardware?y Computer Hardware is

the physical part of the

computer system, themachinery andequipment.

y Parts of the computer

you can see


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Computer Hardwarey Case

y Power switch

y Reset switch

y Hard drive

y Floppy

y CD/DVD

y Zip drive

y Serial ports

y Parallel port

y USB port

y Keyboard/mouse

y Network card

y Modem

y Sound card

y Video card

y RAM

y Motherboard

y Bus

y Fan

y Cables

www.madezee.com


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Monitor:y T.V. like screen used to show pictures and words


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CPU:y Central Processing Unit this is where most of the

computers calculations take place.

y

In terms of computing power, the CPU is the mostimportant element of a computing system.y It is like the brain of the computer.y Contains the disk drives and hard drive.y This is where you will find the power switch to turn the

computer on and off.yAlso called CPU, Computer, and Processor.Speed of

the processor is how many times the information cancycle through the processor


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What is in the box?

MotherboardABIT KT7 RAID


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and


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and


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Keyboard:y This device is used to type information into the

computer and contains the numbers 0-9.


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Mouse:yA small device, which you move across the top of the

desk to move the pointer or cursor on the screen.

yClick

y Double-Click

y Click and Drag

y Right-Click


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Printer:y Used to make a paper copy of the information into the

computer.


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Image Scanner:yAn electronic device that generates a digital

representation of an image for data input to a

computer


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y Power Cordy Hard Drive (storagedevice)


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MotherboardyAll of the computer components are connected to it

y Distributes power to the processor and RAM

y Sends information between the Processor and theRAM

y Gets between 30-40 degrees while doing nothing withcorrect cooling


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Typical parts of a motherboard.


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MemoryMemoryyA place where information is stored in

such a way that it can be retrieved back

whenever required.yFound on the motherboard

yShort termy

Random Access Memory (RAM)yLong term

yRead Only Memory (ROM)


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Random Access Memory (RAM)Random Access Memory (RAM)y Memory on the motherboard that is short term;

where data, information, and program instructions

are stored temporarily on a RAM chip or a set ofRAM chips. Known as the main memory.

y The computer can read from and write to RAM.

yWhen the computer is turned off or if there is loss

of power, what ever is stored in RAM disappears.

y Temporary Memory Short Term


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Read-Only Memory (ROM)y Memory on the motherboard that is long term; where

the specific instructions that are needed for thecomputer to operate are stored.

y This memory is nonvolatile and your computer canonly read from a ROM chip.

y The instructions remain on the chip regardless if thepower is turned on or off.

y Most common is the BIOS ROM; where the computeruses instructions contained on this chip to boot orstart the system when you turn on your computer.

y Permanent Memory Long Term


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BootingyWhen the computer is switched on, it contains no

Information, and to bring that information from

secondary NONVOLATILE memory to Primary Memory, a process is executed called BOOTING.


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Computer Input Devicesy Computer Devices that input information in the

computer

y Examplesy Key Board

y Mouse

y Scanner

y Digital Camera


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Can you see why this is called a qwertykeyboard?


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Computer Output Devicesy Computer Devices that output information from the

computer.

y

Examplesy Monitor

y Printer


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Disk capacitiesy Floppy(Double Sided, Double Density) = 1.4 MB

y Zip cartridge = 100 MB 250 MB

y CD = 650 MBy DVD

y (Single Sided, Single Layered) = 4.7 GB

y (Double Sided, Double Layered) = 17 GB

y 1 GB = 1000 MB

Basic Class 1

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