Basic Application of Pneumatics

8/20/2019 Basic Application of Pneumatics

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The Fundamentalsof Pneumatic

Control Technology


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PNEUMA : means “Breath or Wind” in Greek word

“Pneumatics is the name given to the branch of

physics which treats with the

properties, motions and behavior of Air”


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Media Selection Criteria :

• Speed of Operation.

• Reiabiity.

• Service !ife.

• Sensitivity to "nvironment.• "ase of #aintenance.

• Avaiabe "$pertise.

• %raining Re&uirements.


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Major dierences !etween Pne"matics and #$dra"lics :

% Pne"matics #$dra"lics

' (igher speed. )suay '.* to + meterssec. Sow speed. )suay up to -.* meterssec.

/orces avaiabe up to *-,--- 0. /orces avaiabe up to *-,---,--- 0.

+ Pneumatics can be used in high temperatureareas up to --12.

(ydrauics is not suited for temperaturesbeyond '--12.

3 2yinder force is proportiona to amount of air

entering the cyinder, and hence highycontroabe.

2yinder trave is proportiona to amount of

oi entering the cyinder, and hence highycontroabe.

* 4e suited for deicate handing 5obs. 0ot suited for deicate handing 5obs.

6 2yinder position is not predictabe under dynamic oads. (ence smooth movementcannot be guaranteed.

2yinder position is highy predictabe for a7inds of oads. #ovement is therefore verysmooth.

8 Positioning of pneumatic cyinders can bedone with a moderate eve of accuracy.)suay ' 9 mm.

Positioning of hydrauic cyinders can bedone with much better accuracy. )suaybetter than -.* mm.

: 0ot we suited to hande high starting oads. ;ery we suited to hande high startingoads.


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Wh$ choose Pne"matics &

• (igh Speed.•


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Ad'anta(e o Pne"matics

• 4henever force re&uired is ess than *-,---0 we prefer Pneumatic to

(ydrauic.

• Bispacement is of the range of C mm 9 + #D with specia Rodess

2yinder even '- #eter is Possibe.

• Pneumatic Operation C'.* msD are faster than (ydrauic C-.* msD with


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Ad'anta(e o Pne"matics

•


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)imitations o Pne"matics

• /orces above *-,---0 (ydrauic is commercia over Pneumatic.

• 4hen cyinder moves Sip Stic7 motion e$ists.

• Bispacement is not smooth because of Ger7s.

• Air has to be freed from Bust, (umidity #oisture. Otherwise, it wi

corrode, spoi of the Seaing "ements so, Air Preparation is re&uired.

• "$haust air ma7es 0oise.


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*$+es o Motion,

• !inear = Aong a straight ine.

• Swive = 2ircuar motion through a fi$ed ange,

usuay H- ':- 8- degrees.

• Rotary = 2ontinuous circuar motion.

?enera Appications of Pneumatics.

• 2amping, Shifting, Orienting, Positioning, Biverting, /eeding.


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A++lications in -nd"str$ :

• Automobie Production.• Petroeum Refining.

• Petrochemicas.• /ood 2onfectionery.• Pac7aging (anding.• #achine %oos.• Robotics.• "ectronics = Pic7 and pace.


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Ph$sical Princi+le o Pne"matics

.orce

A force can acceerate bodies,

bra7e or change their

direction of motion.

4or7 can be performed due

to the effect of force.


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Wei(ht

%he weight corresponds to the

product from mass of a body

and the acceeration due to

gravity.

%he weight aways acts in thedirection of earthIs center.


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Press"re


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Sam+le Calc"lation


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Pascal/s law


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Pro+erties o Air

• Air contains

0itrogen 8:J

O$ygen 'J

Others -' J C2O,Argon,(ydrogen,0eon etcD.


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Com+ressed Air


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Elements o Pne"matic S$stem


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Elements o Pne"matic S$stem


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Air Pre+aration

• 4ater Separation.

4ater causes corrosion.

4ashes away ubrication.

• /itration.

Bust is responsibe for abrasion.

Reduces the effectiveness of ubricants


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Air Pre+aration

• Pressure Reguation.

2onstant pressure is re&uired for uniform performance of

pneumatic components.

• !ubrication.

!ubrication is re&uired to repace ubricant ost due to

effects of dust and water over proonged periods.

Reduces interna friction in components


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Air Generation 0 1istri!"tion


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Air 1istri!"tion

Air Bistribution 2onsiderations K

• /ow Rate.

• Bistance of transmission.

• Permissibe pressure oss.

• #inimum operating pressure.

• 0umber of air ta7e off points.


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Air )eaka(e 0 -ts Eects

*$+ical So"rces o Air )eaka(e :

• #eta pipe 5oints and fanges.

• 2onnectors fittings.

• 2rac7ed tubes.

• !oosened components.

• Befective gas7ets or “O” rings.


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Air )eaka(e 0 -ts Eects

Eects o Air )eaka(es :

•


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Com+ressor

Com+ressed Air re2"irement

%he tota compressed air re&uirement depends on the consumption

of the individua consumers, the ea7age osses and the operating

conditions.

Pressure and &uantity, which a compressor suppies, has an effecton the achievabe output of the components and the pant


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What is Com+ressor&

A 2ompressor is a compressing device.

A compressor generates compressed air.

2onverts mechanica energy into fuid power CpneumaticD energy.

?enerates pressure and fow.


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-m+ortant criteria or the selection o a Com+ressor are:

Operating pressure

/ow rate

2ontroabiityOi free compressed air


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*$+es o Com+ressors


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*$+es o Com+ressors


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*$+es o Com+ressors


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*$+es o Com+ressors


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Com+ressed Air Pre+aration

S"ction .ilter

C d Ai P i


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-nter Coolers

C d Ai P ti


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Com+ressed Air 3ecei'er


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3e2"irements or Eecti'e 1r$ Air

%he aim of proper compressed air preparation is to

remove contamination moisture

%he air generated from compressor shoud route through various

fiters dryers to attain re&uired &uaity cass


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Air .ilter

• @etter suited for sma voume

appications.

• #oderatey efficient water remova.

•


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Air 3e("lator

• A pressure reguator is used to 7eep

the pressure in the e&uipment

constant.

• A reguator can reduce, but not

increase the pressure.


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Air 3e("lator


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Air .ilter 4 3e("lator Unit 5 .3 6


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Air )"!ricator

Basic Application of Pneumatics

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