Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement • Caudate Nucleus • Putamen • Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: • Cerebral cortex • Substantia Nigra (Dopamine) Output through the globus pallidus to • Thalamus to the motor cortex • Brain stem Striatum
Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral.
Dec 26, 2015
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Basal GangliaPart of the motor system:
control of voluntary movement
• Caudate Nucleus• Putamen
• Globus Pallidus
Input to caudate and putamen from:• Cerebral cortex • Substantia Nigra (Dopamine)
Output through the globus pallidus to• Thalamus to the motor cortex• Brain stem
Striatum
Basal Ganglia
Parkinson’s Disease:Degeneration of DA neurons in
Substantia Nigra Basal Ganglia.
• Slow movement•Difficulty producing movement
• Tremor
Treatment:• L-DOPA
• Neurosurgery• Neurostimulation
Parkinson’s Normal
Basal GangliaPart of the motor system:
control of voluntary movement
• Caudate Nucleus• Putamen
• GP: Globus Pallidus
Input to caudate and putamen from:• Cerebral cortex • SN: Substantia Nigra (Dopamine)
Output through the globus pallidus to• Thalamus to the motor cortex• Brain stem
Striatum
motor
HypothalamusHomeosthasis
Controls the hormonal system (autonomic nervous system)Four F’s: Feeding; Fighting; Fleeting; Mating
טמפרטורה •לחץ דם •מטבוליזם •מחזור יום-לילה •מחזור חודשי •
Brain Stem
• Midbrain• Pons• Medulla
Midbrain
• Tectum (Dorsal)• Tegmentum (Ventral)
Midbrain
Tectum (Dorsal)
Tegmentum (Ventral)
Tectum (Dorsal):Superior Colliculus (visual sys)
Inferior Colliculus (auditory sys)
Auditory pathway
Tegmentum
Brain Stem
• Midbrain• Pons• Medulla
Brain Stem
Pons: •Reticular formation: arousal/sleep•Cranial nerves•Fibers to cerebellum
Medulla: •Respiration•Cardiovascular system
Cerebellumpart of the motor system
• Balance
• Movement timing
• Coordination
Brain Stem spinal cord
• Midbrain• Pons• Medulla
Spinal Cord
Grey matter (butterfly) = cell bodies
White matter – ascending and
descending tracts
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain (in the skull)
Spinal Cord (in the spine)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Located outside of the skull and
spine
Serves to bring information into
the CNS and carry signals out of
the CNS
Peripheral Nervous System
• Spinal Nerves – body (spinal cord)
• Cranial Nerves – head & neck (brain)
Spinal NervesBody
reflexes
Unipolar neuron – soma in the dorsal root ganglion
Multipolar neuron – soma in the spinal cord
Spinal Nerves
Dorsal:Sensory inputAFFERENT
Ventral:Motor outputEFFERENT
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Cranial NervesHead and Neck
Cranial NervesHead and Neck
• Somatic nervous system• Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral Nervous systemInput to and output from CNS
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous Sys– skeletal muscles – voluntary– soma of motor neuron in
CNS
Autonomic Nervous Sys– smooth muscles– Involuntary– soma of motor neuron in
PNS (ganglion)
Autonomic nervous system
• Sympathetic (crisis)
• "fight or flight”
• Thoracic & lumbar
• Parasympathetic
• “rest & digest"
• Cranial and Sacral
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain (in the skull)
Spinal Cord (in the spine)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Located outside of the skull and
spine
Serves to bring information into
the CNS and carry signals out of
the CNS
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