1/34 1/34 Baryogenesis by B - L generation due to superheavy particle decay Seishi Enomoto ( Nagoya Univ, Japan ) Based on : Phys. Rev. D 84, 096007 (2011), S. E. and Nobuhiro Maekawa (Nagoya Univ., KMI Inst.) 2013/3/20 The IOPAS HEP Theory Journal Club @ Academia Sinica
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Baryogenesis by B - L g eneration due to superheavy particle decay
Baryogenesis by B - L g eneration due to superheavy particle decay. Seishi Enomoto ( Nagoya Univ , Japan ) Based on : Phys. Rev. D 84 , 096007 (2011), S. E. and Nobuhiro Maekawa (Nagoya Univ., KMI Inst.). The IOPAS HEP Theory Journal Club @ Academia Sinica. Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1/341/34
Baryogenesis by B - L generation due to superheavy particle decay
Seishi Enomoto ( Nagoya Univ, Japan )
Based on : Phys. Rev. D 84, 096007 (2011),S. E. and Nobuhiro Maekawa (Nagoya Univ., KMI Inst.)
2013/3/20 The IOPAS HEP Theory Journal Club @ Academia Sinica
2/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
1. Introduction
2. B – L violating particles and interactions
3. B – L number generation and bound of parameter
4. Summary
2013/3/20
Contents
1. Introduction
aboutour
study
3/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Introduction
In the present Universe Matters >> Anti-matters # Photons >> # Baryons (matters)
The observation (WMAP)
( E. Komatsu [WMAP Collaboration] , Astrophys. J. Suppl. 192, 18 (2011) )
In the Early Universe : High temperature (the thermal fluctuation) There exists very small asymmetry between baryons and anti-baryons.
2013/3/20
Baryons
Anti- baryons
Photons
⟸ (𝑛𝐵−𝑛𝐵 ) /𝑛𝛾
Baryogenesis
Not initial conditionBut dynamical
generation
1. Introduction
4/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by the definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
2013/3/20
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
b
b
b𝑋
l𝑋
𝐵=+2/3
𝐵=−1/3
+1/3
+1/3
0
−1 /3
Conditions to be evolved from to of the Universe.
1. Introduction
decay
decay
5/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by the definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
2013/3/20
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
bbX bbX
bllbX X
** C, CP invariant case **
Branchingratio
1. Introduction
𝑋 𝑏 ,𝑏𝑏 , 𝑙
Conditions in order to be evolved from to of the Universe.
50 %
50 %
50 %
50 %
6/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by the definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
2013/3/20
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
** C, CP invariant case **
Branchingratio
bbX
1. Introduction
𝑋 𝑏 ,𝑏𝑏 , 𝑙
Conditions in order to be evolved from to of the Universe.
50 %
50 %
0 %
100 %
blX
bllbX X#B is
remained.
7/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by the definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
2013/3/20
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
b
bX
Suppression of the back reaction
1. Introduction
Conditions in order to be evolved from to of the Universe.
#B is remaine
d.
8/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Models of baryogenesis
GUT baryogenesis
Leptogenesis
Electro weak baryogenesis
Affleck Dine baryogenesis
etc...
2013/3/20 1. Introduction
9/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Models of baryogenesis
GUT baryogenesis The minimal SU(5) GUT baryogenesis
SM particles + gauge bosons + Colored Higgs ⇒ # , # violating interactions However, since # is conserved, it is known that the generated # is washed out by
the sphaleron process induced after age.
Leptogenesis Thermal leptogenesis
SM particles + Right handed neutrinos ⇒ # is conserved, but #, # are violated. After that, a part of # is converted to # by the sphaleron process.
★ Both models are heavy particles decay scenario, and more, just simple.
★ Deciding the success is whether # is violated or not.
2013/3/20
𝑳𝑩
𝑳
1. Introduction
[ M. Yoshimura (1978), S. Weinberg (1979) , etc. ]
[ M. Fukugita, T. Yanagida (1986) ]
Is there any possibilities to
generate #B - L with heavy particles?
10/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
1. Introduction
2. B – L violating particles and interaction
3. B – L number generation and bound of parameter
4. Summary
2013/3/20
Contents
aboutour
study
1. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int.
11/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary2013/3/20
Decomposition of the , violating interactions
There exists , in the higher dimensional interactions.decomposition of a interaction obtationed or ⇒ particles and interactions
dim. 5 :
⇒ Leptogenesis dim. 6 :
⇒ GUT baryogenesis★ We can obtain the scenario to generate # to decompose the violating higher dimensional interactions!
𝑳
𝑳
𝑩
2. B – L violating particle & int.
12/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
What does exist as the violating interactions in the SM?
dim. 5 : ⇒ Leptogenesis
dim. 6 : Nothing…
dim. 7 :
※ Using the SU(5) representation, [ , , ]
2013/3/20
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
differential interactions : mass of the SM particles ⇒ We ignore after this. using E.O.M.
𝟏𝟎 ⋅𝟓 ⋅𝟓 ⋅𝟓 ⋅𝟓h 𝟓 ⋅𝟓 ⋅𝟓⋅𝟓⋅𝟓h†
𝟏𝟎 ⋅𝟏𝟎 ⋅𝟓† ⋅𝟓† ⋅𝟓h†
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
𝟓𝟓𝟓h
𝟓
𝟓𝟓𝟓h†
𝟓
𝟓†𝟓†𝟓h†
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
2. B – L violating particle & int.
13/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
31/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Bounds for parameters
Case B : ’s energy dominates in the Universe
A lot of entropies are generated by ’s decay.
We impose the additional condition @ as in case A ⇒
① & ② lead to a lower mass bound :2013/3/20
,
: reheating temperature by , decay
Observational value :
𝑦 3√𝑀𝑝 /𝑚𝑖∼2.2×10−6・・・①
・・・②
3. #B – L generation & bound
, Others
𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿
Others
32/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Bounds for parameters
Case B : ’s energy dominates in the Universe
Other parameters in case
These results are not so different compared with Case A.
2013/3/20 3. #B – L generation & bound
, Others
𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿
Others
33/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
, Others
𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿
Others Bound for parameters
Case B : ’s energy dominates in the Universe
Other parameters in case
These results are not so different compared with Case A.
2013/3/20
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
#B – L violating interactions(4 dim. & 5 dim. Int. with )
+The sphaleron process
,
OAssumed
Decay in out-of-equilibrium
* Case A : decay after freeze-out * Case B : non-thermal stateImposing
3. #B – L generation & bound
34/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
, Others
𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿𝐵−𝐿
Others Bound for parameters
Case B : ’s energy dominates in the Universe
Other parameters in case
These results are not so different compared with Case A.
2013/3/20
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
#B – L violating interactions(4 dim. & 5 dim. Int. with )
+The sphaleron process
,
OAssumed
Decay in out-of-equilibrium
* Case A : decay after freeze-out * Case B : non-thermal stateImposing
3. #B – L generation & bound
35/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
B violating interaction --> proton decay
Rough estimation of the proton’s (partial) decay rate :
The current bound :
※ This is because the B violating interaction comes from dim.7 operator.
2013/3/20
⟨h0 ⟩𝑢𝑢𝑅𝑐
𝑢
𝑑𝑅𝑐
𝑑𝑅𝑐
𝜈𝐿
𝑝
𝜋+¿¿
𝑄
enough stable!Saying exactly, this interaction is not
sizable for the proton decay.
3. #B – L generation & bound
36/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary2013/3/20 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Contents
1. Introduction
2. B – L violating particles and interactions
3. B – L number generation and bound of parameter
4. Summary
aboutour
study
37/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Summary
We have shown the new scenario generating which was obtained from dim. 7 interactions in SM.
The particles with the violating interactions are in the representation of , , , which are scalar bosons, , , , , which are fermions, , which are vector bosons of ,
In particular, we have focused on the bosons of and (components : , , , , ), and we have shown the concrete interactions.
We have evaluated the mean net # by the decay of , , , , , and then we have limited to some parameters (yukawa couplings, masses, or so) with some approximation and the observational #.
Case A : thermal produced, ,
Case B : non-thermal + energy dominant, ( ⇔ )
2013/3/20 4. Summary
38/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
back up
2013/3/20
39/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
2013/3/20
40/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by the definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
2013/3/20
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
b
bX
1. Introduction
These are needed to be evolved from to of the Universe.
𝑋 𝑏 ,𝑏𝑏 , 𝑙
𝐵=+2/3𝐵=−1/3
41/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Sakharov’s 3 conditions
1. #B number violation It is necessary by definition.
2. C & CP violation Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if there is no difference between particles and anti-particles.
3. Non-equilibrium condition Baryon asymmetries do not
evolve if the forward and back reaction rate is equal.
2013/3/20
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
b
bb𝑋
l𝑋
𝐵=+2/3
𝐵=−1/3
+1/3
𝑋 𝑏 ,𝑏𝑏 , 𝑙
+1/3
0 −1 /3
Conditions to be evolved from to of the Universe.
1. Introduction
42/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary
Sakharov の 3 条件
1. バリオン数の破れ 定義から必要
2. C & CP の破れ 粒子・反粒子の反応に差がな
ければバリオン非対称性は発展しない
3. 非平衡反応 反応と逆反応が同じ速さで進
むとバリオン非対称性は発展しない
2013/3/20
[ A. D. Sakharov (1967) ]
𝒃
b b
𝑋𝒍
𝐵=+2/3𝐵=−1/3
+1/3
𝑋 𝑏 ,𝑏𝑏 , 𝑙
+1/3
0 −1 /3
の宇宙から でない宇宙に発展するための条件
1. Introduction
43/341. Introduction 2. B – L violating particle & int. 3. #B – L generation & bound 4. Summary