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BAROQUE ART
BRITISH COUNCIL 2nd year ESO
01/06/2016
IES AL-QÁZERES
2nd Year ESO IES AL-QÁZERES British Council
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BAROQUE ART General Overview
The Baroque period of history is from about the year 1600 to about 1750.
The period between the Renaissance and Baroque is sometimes called Mannerism. The later
part of the Baroque period is often called the Rococo period
The Roman Catholic Church encouraged the Baroque movement in art and architecture as a
response to the Protestant Reformation. The word "baroque" comes from a similar word in
Spanish, Portuguese, and French that means "rough pearl". Today, when someone uses the
word "baroque" to describe something, they usually mean that the object is overly ornate and
complex. An example of Baroque sculpture and architecture is the Trevi Fountain in Rome
When was the Baroque style popular?
Baroque art became popular in the 1600s. It started in Italy and moved to other areas of
Europe and the world.
What are the characteristics of Baroque art?
The Baroque style started with the Catholic Church. The church wanted its religious paintings
to become more emotional and dramatic. This type of style spread to where much of the art of
the time became very dramatic, full of life and movement, and emotional. In Baroque art there
was generally action and movement. Angels flew, people fought, crowds cowered in fear, and
saints rose to the heavens. Baroque sculptures were often made of rich materials such as
colorful marble, bronze, or even gilded with gold.
Read more at: http://www.ducksters.com/history/art/baroque_art.php
Baroque painting is characterized by Naturalism and Tenebrism. The main representative of this pictorial tendency was Caravaggio and his greatest work of art is the The Crucifixions of St. Peter that you can see below.
8. From this image and from what you know about Baroque painting, what do you think Naturalism and Tenebrism is? Use concise and precise sentences.
2nd Year ESO IES AL-QÁZERES British Council
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The Dutch and Flemish Golden Age painting
We have mentioned that we can appreciate a large mercantile class in protestant countries
who were far more ready to commission portraits that asserts its position and who spends
most of its fortune in purchasing works of art, especially paintings. It is clear that they did that
to decorate their properties in which we will come across beautiful landscapes, scenes of daily
life, still life, etc. Definitely, they have a different taste to those who belong to the church or
the monarchy. The most prominent painting is the one that was created in Netherlands -the
Low Countries.
The main artists are Rembrandt and Vermeer of Delft in Holland and Rubens in Flanders.
Remember that The Netherlands and Flanders were part of the Hispanic Monarchy from
whom Charles I inherited it till 1648. The Northern part became independent at the end of the
Thirty Years War, and the Spanish Monarchy lost The Southern Countries ( Flanders) in 1713,
under the Treaty of Utrecht , following the War of Spanish Succession, after the death of
Charles II , the last Habsburg ruler of Spain.
9. Look at the famous painting by Rembrandt ‘ Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp’. What is the
topic?
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10. Name the title of this famous Dutch painting. Who is the artist?
11. This painting is called ‘The three Graces’. It is the most famous painting of its author. This
painter emphasized movement, colour and sensuality. He moved away from the tenebrous
because of the sensuality of the bodies that he painted. He had a lot of influence in Velázquez.
What is his name? Where was he born?
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The Golden Age of Spanish Painting: The Spanish School. As in the Netherlands, the 17th century era of Baroque art was the Golden Age of
Spanish painting.
The Catholic Church was strongly supported by the Hapsburg dynasty, so the main
painting topics are religious and court portraits.
The summit of Baroque painting in Spain was attained in the person of Diego
Rodríguez de Silva Velazquez (1599-1660).
He was born in Seville but moved to Madrid to become official painter to the king
Philip IV. Due to his position as a Royal painter, he was able to move away from religious
paintings and thanks to the main contacts with Royal Collections, with other painters, as
Venetian painters, Caravaggio, Rubens and Titian, as well as his trips to Italy, he was able to
carry on further on his training and qualifications during his life.
He started as a tenebrous painter like Caravaggio with games of lights and shadows,
with the street-life subject as reflected in ‘ Old Woman Frying Eggs’. Then, he started to learn
from Rubens and painted more colourful and lively portraits such as ‘Prince Baltasar Carlos on
Horseback’, or ‘Count-Duke of Olivares’ or ‘The Triumphs of Bacchus’.
Visiting Italy and the Italian masters at the end of the 1620s certainly had an enormous impact
on Velázquez's art. He learnt the sense of the classics and the contention, which is reflected in
a great mythologist painting: ‘The Forge of Vulcan’. In general, Velázquez learnt many lessons
from the Venetians, especially from their rendering of fabrics and materials.
The latest paintings are a claim for the nobility of artists and the fine arts in general,
such as ‘The Spinners’ or even ‘Las Meninas’ where Velázquez appears next to the King and
Queen of Spain.
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12. Identify the following paintings.
a)
b) This painting has two titles:
c ) Explain this painting and its main theme in a few sentences.
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d) This painting also received two names:
e) Identify this portrait. Why did Velázquez paint him?
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f) Identify this painting:
g) Why was this character so important ?
h) Identify this painting:
i) What does the painting represent?
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k) ‘Las Meninas’ is a group portrait of the five-year-old Infanta Margarita, her ladies-
in-waiting and other members of the court, the King and Queen of Spain, and
Velázquez himself. Where are the King and Queen of Spain?
l) Why is Velázquez there?
m) On Velázquez’s chest is a red cross. Which military order does the red cross