Barmuda triangle

The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is an undefined region in the western part of

the North atlantic ocean. where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under

mysterious circumstances. The triangle does not exist according to the US Navy, and the name is not

recognized by the US Board on Geographic Names. Popular culture has attributed various disappearances

to the paranormal or activity by extraterrestrial beings.

Documented evidence indicates that a significant percentage of the incidents were spurious, inaccurately

reported, or embellished by later authors. In a 2013 study, the World Wide Fund for Nature identified the

world’s 10 most dangerous waters for shipping, but the Bermuda Triangle was not among them. Contrary to

popular belief, insurance companies do not charge higher premiums for shipping in this area.

Triangle area

The first written boundaries date from a 1964 issue of pulp magazine Argosy,where the triangle's three

vertices are in Miai, Florida peninsula; in San Juan, Puerto Rico and in the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda.

But subsequent writers did not follow this definition. Every writer gives different boundaries and vertices to

the triangle, with the total area varying from 500,000 to 1.5 million square miles. Consequently, the

determination of which accidents have occurred inside the triangle depends on which writer reports them.The

United does not recognize this name, and it is not delimited in any map drawn by US government

agencies.

The area is one of the most heavily traveled shipping lanes in the world, with ships crossing through it daily

for ports in the Americas, Europe, and the Caribbean Islands. Cruise ships are also plentiful, and pleasure

craft regularly go back and forth between Florida and the islands. It is also a heavily flown route for

commercial and private aircraft heading towards Florida, the Caribbean, and South America from points

north.

Origins

The earliest allegation of unusual disappearances in the Bermuda area appeared in a September 16, 1950

Associated Press article by Edward Van Winkle Jones. Two years later, Fate magazine published "Sea Mystery

at Our Back Door", a short article by George X. Sand covering the loss of several planes and ships, including

the loss of Flight 19, a group of five U.S. Navy TBM Avenger bombers on a training mission. Sand's article

was the first to lay out the now-familiar triangular area where the losses took place. Flight 19 alone would be

covered again in the April 1962 issue of American Legionmagazine.In it, author Allan W. Eckert wrote that the flight leader had been heard saying, "We are entering

white water, nothing seems right. We don't know where we are, the water is green, no white.

He also wrote that officials at the Navy board of inquiry stated that the planes "flew off to Mars."[dubious – discuss]

Sand's article was the first to suggest a supernatural element to the Flight 19 incident. In the February 1964

issue of Argosy, Vincent Gaddis' article "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle" argued that Flight 19 and other

disappearances were part of a pattern of strange events in the region. The next year, Gaddis expanded this

article into a book, Invisible Horizons.

Others would follow with their own works, elaborating on Gaddis' ideas: John Wallace Spencer (Limbo of the

Lost, 1969, repr. 1973);Charles Berlitz (The Bermuda Triangle, 1974);Richard Winnr (The Devil's Triangle,

1974),and many others, all keeping to some of the same supernatural elements outlined by Eckert.

Larry Kusche

Lawrence David Kusche, a research librarian from Arizona State University and author of The Bermuda

Triangle Mystery: Solved (1975)argued that many claims of Gaddis and subsequent writers were often

exaggerated, dubious or unverifiable. Kusche's research revealed a number of inaccuracies and inconsistencies

between Berlitz's accounts and statements from eyewitnesses, participants, and others involved in the initial incidents. Kusche noted cases where pertinent

information went unreported, such as the disappearance of round-the-world yachtsman Donald Crowhurst, which Berlitz had presented as a mystery,

despite clear evidence to the contrary.

Lawrence David Kusche, a research librarian from Arizona State University and author of The Bermuda

Triangle Mystery: Solved (1975) argued that many claims of Gaddis and subsequent writers were often

exaggerated, dubious or unverifiable. Kusche's research revealed a number of inaccuracies and inconsistencies

between Berlitz's accounts and statements from eyewitnesses, participants, and others involved in the initial incidents. Kusche noted cases where pertinent

information went unreported, such as the disappearance of round-the-world yachtsman Donald Crowhurst, which Berlitz had presented as a mystery,

despite clear evidence to the contrary.

Another example was the ore-carrier recounted by Berlitz as lost without trace three days out of an Atlantic

port when it had been lost three days out of a port with the same name in the Pacific Ocean. Kusche also argued

that a large percentage of the incidents that sparked allegations of the Triangle's mysterious influence

actually occurred well outside it. Often his research was simple: he would review period newspapers of the dates

of reported incidents and find reports on possibly relevant events like unusual weather, that were never

mentioned in the disappearance stories.

Kusche concluded that:

The number of ships and aircraft reported missing in the area was not significantly greater, proportionally

speaking, than in any other part of the ocean.

In an area frequented by tropical storms, the number of disappearances that did occur were, for the most part,

neither disproportionate, unlikely, nor mysterious;

Furthermore, Berlitz and other writers would often fail to mention such storms or even represent the

disappearance as having happened in calm conditions when meteorological records clearly contradict this.

The numbers themselves had been exaggerated by sloppy research. A boat's disappearance, for example,

would be reported, but its eventual (if belated) return to port may not have been.

Some disappearances had, in fact, never happened. One plane crash was said to have taken place in 1937 off

Daytona Beach, Florida, in front of hundreds of witnesses; a check of the local papers revealed nothing.

The legend of the Bermuda Triangle is a manufactured mystery, perpetuated by writers who either purposely or

unknowingly made use of misconceptions, faulty reasoning, and sensationalism.

Supernatural explanations

Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the

blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. Sometimes connected to the

Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known as the Bimini Road off the island of Bimini in the

Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions. Followers of the purported psychic Edgar Cayce take his

prediction that evidence of Atlantis would be found in 1968 as referring to the discovery of the Bimini Road.

Believers describe the formation as a road, wall, or other structure, though geologists consider it to be of natural

origin.

Human error

One of the most cited explanations in official inquiries as to the loss of any aircraft or vessel is human error. Human

stubbornness may have caused businessman Harvey Conover to lose his sailing yacht, the Revonoc, as he sailed

into the teeth of a storm south of Florida on January 1, 1958.

Ellen Austin

The Ellen Austin supposedly came across a derelict ship, placed on board a prize crew, and attempted to sail with it to

New York in 1881. According to the stories, the derelict disappeared; others elaborating further that the derelict

reappeared minus the prize crew, then disappeared again with a second prize crew on board.

Bermuda Triangle incidents

Aircraft incidents

1945: December 5, Flight 19 (five TBF Avengers) lost with 14 airmen, and later the same day PBM Mariner BuNo59225 lost with 13 airmen while searching for Flight 19.

1948: January 30, Avro Tudor G-AHNP Star Tiger lost with six crew and 25 passengers, en route from Santa Maria

Airport in the Azors to Kindley Field, Bermuda.

1948: December 28, Douglas DC-3 NC16002 lost with three crew and 36 passengers, en route from San Juan,

Puerto Rico, to Miami.

Incidents at sea

1918: USS Cyclops, collier, left Barbados on March 4, lost with all 309 crew and passengers en route to Baltimore,

Maryland.

1921: January 31, Carroll A. Deering, five-mastedschooner, Captain W. B. Wormell, found aground and

abandoned at Diamond Shoals, near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

1925: 1 December, SS Cotopaxi, having departed Charleston, South Carolina two days earlier bound for

Havana, Cuba, radioed a distress call reporting that the ship was sinking. She was officially listed as overdue on

31 December.

Incidents on land

1969: Great Isaac Lighthouse (Bimiai, Bahamas) - its two keepers disappeared and were never found.

Locatin of te barmuda triangle in the map

Locatin of te barmuda triangle in the map

Top 10 Bermuda Triangle Theories

The legend of the Bermuda Triangle probably started some time around 1945, when a squadron of five Navy Avenger

airplanes disappeared on a training flight out of Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

Soon, the masses were wondering: Was something amiss in the triangle-shaped stretch of ocean between Miami,

Bermuda and Puerto Rico? Today, we've all heard of the Bermuda Triangle. And over the years, a whole host of

theories, from the wacky to the reasonable, have cropped up to explain its disappearances.