BO CO MNG MY TNH**********
TI: HNG DN S DNG PACKET TRACER
GIO VIN: PHAN THANH TON SINH VIN: NGUYN PH YN TRNG QUANG HUY 07117085 07117023
Phn 1 :
NI DUNG BO CO
Trong phn ny em s bo co v cc khi nim c bn c cp n trong vic thit k h tng mng. y chng ta s dng phn mm packet tracer m phng vic cu hnh trn cc thit b ca cisco. Nhng khi nim c trnh by di y s dng li mc c bn nht d hiu v vn dng thit k vo m phng cc mng thc t. Cc khi nim c cp ti gm c : 1. Basic configurate 2. Routing 3. NAT 4. ACL 5. DHCP6. VLAN
: t tn, pass, ip cho cc thit b : nh tuyn tnh v nh tuyn ng : network address translation : access control list
:virtual local area network
1.nh tuyn :L chc nng ca router gip xc nh qu trnh tm ng i cho cc gi tin t ngun ti ch thng qua h thng mng. nh tuyn th router cn phi bit cc thng tin sau:
+ a ch ch + Cc ngun m n c th hc + Cc tuyn (routes) + Tuyn tt nht (best route) + Bo tr v kim tra thng tin nh tuyn
Static route: nh tuyn tnh l mt qu trnh nh tuyn s dng cctuyn do ngi qun tr cu hnh th cng trn router.
Dynamic route: L nhng tuyn do router hc c t cc router khcnh giao thc nh tuyn ng. Mt s giao thc nh tuyn ng nh RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP
2. NAT:NAT lm vic nh mt router, cng vic ca n l chuyn tip cc gi tin (packets) gia nhng lp mng khc nhau trn mt mng ln. Bn cng c th ngh rng Internet l mt mng n nhng c v s subnet. Routers c kh nng hiu c cc lp mng khc nhau xung quanh n v c th chuyn tip nhng gi tin n ng ni cn n. NAT s dng IP ca chnh n lm IP cng cng cho mi my con (client) vi IP ring. Khi mt my con thc hin kt ni hoc gi d liu ti mt my tnh no trn internet, d liu s c gi ti NAT, sau NAT s thay th a ch IP gc ca my con ri gi gi d liu i vi a ch IP ca NAT. My tnh t xa hoc my tnh no trn internet khi nhn c tn hiu s gi gi tin tr v cho NAT computer bi v chng ngh rng NAT computer l my gi nhng gi d liu i. NAT ghi li bng thng tin ca nhng my tnh gi nhng gi tin i ra ngoi trn mi cng dch v v gi nhng gi tin nhn c v ng my tnh (client). NAT thc hin nhng cng vic sau: - Chuyn i a ch IP ngun thnh a ch IP ca chnh n, c ngha l d liu nhn c bi my tnh t xa (remote computer) ging nh nhn c t my tnh c cu hnh NAT. - Gi d liu ti my tnh t xa v nh c gi d liu s dng cng dch v no. - D liu khi nhn c t my tnh t xa s c chuyn ti cho cc my con NAT cho php cc host mng trong c th truy xut mng Internet c gn bi khng gian a ch IP Public.
3. ACL:ACL l mt danh sch cc cu lnh c p t vo cc cng (interface) ca router. Danh sch ny ch ra cho router bit loi packet no c chp nhn (allow) v loi packet no b hy b (deny). S chp nhn v hu b ny c th da vo a ch ngun, a ch ch hoc ch s port. Access Control List trong m hnh mng c dng qun l cc IP traffic v h tr mc c bn v bo mt cho cc truy cp mng, th hin tnh nng lc cc packet qua router. Cc ng dng ca access list - Permit hoc deny cc packet di chuyn qua router. -Permit hoc deny cc truy cp t xa hoc t router. ACL s c thc hin theo trnh t ca cc cu lnh trong danh sch cu hnh khi to access-list. Nu c mt iu kin c so khp (matched) trong danh sch th n s thc hin, v cc cu lnh cn li s khng c kim tra na.Trng hp tt c cc cu lnh trong danh sch u khng khp (unmatched) th mt cu lnh mc nh deny any c thc hin. Cui access-list mc nh s l lnh loi b tt c (deny all). V vy, trong accesslist cn phi c t nht mt cu lnh permit. Khi packet i vo mt interface, router s kim tra xem c mt ACL trong inbound interface hay khng, nu c packet s c kim tra i chiu vi nhng iu kin trong danh sch. Nu packet c cho php (allow) n s tip tc c kim tra trong bng routing quyt nh chn interface i n ch. Tip , router s kim tra xem outbound interface c ACL hay khng. Nu khng th packet c th s c gi ti mng ch. Nu c ACL outbound
interface, n s kim tra i chiu vi nhng iu kin trong danh sch ACL
4. VLAN:Vi mng LAN thng thng, cc my tnh trong cng mt a im (cng phng...) c th c kt ni vi nhau thnh mt mng LAN, ch s dng mt thit b tp trung nh hub hoc switch. C nhiu mng LAN khc nhau cn rt nhiu b hub, switch. Tuy nhin thc t s lng my tnh trong mt LAN thng khng nhiu, ngoi ra nhiu my tnh cng mt a im (cng phng) c th thuc nhiu LAN khc nhau v vy cng tn nhiu b hub, switch khc nhau. Do va tn ti nguyn s lng hub, switch v lng ph s lng port Ethernet. Vi nhu cu tit kim ti nguyn, ng thi p ng nhu cu s dng nhiu LAN trong cng mt a im, gii php a ra l nhm cc my tnh thuc cc LAN khc nhau vo cng mt b tp trung switch. Gii php ny gi l mng LAN o hay VLAN. VLAN l cm t vit tt ca virtual local area network (hay virtual LAN) hay cn c gi l mng LAN o. VLAN l mt k thut cho php to lp cc mng LAN c lp mt cch logic trn cng mt kin trc h tng vt l. Vic to lp nhiu mng LAN o trong cng mt mng cc b (gia cc khoa trong mt trng hc, gia cc cc trong mt cng ty,...) gip gim thiu vng qung b (broadcast domain) cng nh to thun li cho vic qun l mt mng cc b rng ln. VLAN tng ng nh mng con (subnet)
SWITCH:
Switch vi 24 port cho kha nang ket noi toi a vi 24 may tnh.
Chc nang cua switch: switch la thiet b hoat ong tang th hai trong mo hnh OSI (tang lien ket d lieu). Mt switch cng tng t nh mt hub (hub la thiet b hoat ong tang mot). u iem cua switch so vi hub? Vi hub khi mot may A gi thong tin cho may B th thong tin can gi se uc gi en toan bo cac may co ket noi vi hub. Vi switch th viec gi thong tin t may A en may B se uc thc hien ket noi gia A va B. Nh vay khi s dung switch se tranh uc viec nhan mot thong tin khong mong muon hay noi mot cach tong quat la switch thong minh hn so vi hub, switch kim tra ky tng goi d liu nhn uc, xac nh nguon va ch mi goi. Sau o ch cac goi d liu chuyn n ch mt cach chnh xac. Switch s dng a ch MAC (Media Access Control) ca cac thit b mng tm ra thit b ch. a ch MAC la mot ma ID 12 k t duy nhat, la a ch phan cng co nh trong tng thiet b.
ROUTER:
Router la mot thiet b cho phep gi cac goi d lieu doc theo mang. Mot router uc ket noi ti t nhat la hai mang, thong thung hai mang o la LAN, WAN. Router uc nh v cong vao ni ma co hai hay nhieu hn cac mang ket noi va la thiet b quyet nh duy tr cac luong thong tin gia cac mang va duy tr ket noi mang tren internet. Khi d lieu c gi i gia cac iem tren mot mang hoac t mang nay ti mang kia th d lieu o luon c thay va c gi trc tiep en iem ch bi router. Router hoan thanh viec gi d lieu bang cach s dung header va cac bang nh tuyen e ch ra ng i tot nhat cho viec gi cac goi d lieu, router s dung s dung cac giao thc e lien lac vi nhau va e cau hnh nh tuyen tot nhat gia hai may tram bat ky.
Phn 2: CU HNH
1.BASIC CONFIGURE ROUTER:+ S MNG :
+ KHAI BO INTERFACE CHO ROUTER :. router HN :HN>en
