BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER NON-VERBAL REASONING … V… · accuracy, is to do more and more practice tests within the allowed time. Non-verbal reasoning is classified into three groups.

The purpose of non-verbal reasoning is to meas-ure the reasoning power of candidates. In non-verbal reasoning, instead of words and numbers,diagrams are used for expressing ideas. Youshould carefully study the explanations andexamples. Then you should do the practice test.The best method for increasing your speed and

accuracy, is to do more and more practice testswithin the allowed time.

Non-verbal reasoning is classified into threegroups. They are series, analogy, classification.Most of the questions are from series.Basic ConceptsDirections: -

Clockwise direction (CWD) Anticlockwise direction (ACWD)

Frame

The figures are numbered in this way: -• ••

•

• •

•

1 8 7

2 0 6

3 4 5•

North-west North east

South-west South-east

North

West East

South

Let us study how an element moves from oneplace to another. When it moves from 1 to 2, we saythat the element moves ½ distance in ACW direc-tion, similarly when it moves from 1 to 3, it is called 1distance ACW direction. But when it moves from 1 to8, we say that, the element moves ½ distance CWdirection. Similarly when it moves from 1 to 7, it iscalled 1 distance CW direction.

If we are going to observe it on the basis ofDegree, then it is to be followed as below:-An element moves,

1 to 8 450 CW direction1 to 7 900 CW direction1 to 6 1350 CW direction1 to 2 450 ACW direction1 to 3 900 ACW direction and so on.

BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER

REASONING ABILITY

NON-VERBAL REASONING

Mirror Images

Water Images

SERIES

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

D HI K O T

V W

X

TYPE - 1There should be two sets of figures in se-

ries section. The first one is question set, whichconsists of five figures. The second set is an-swer set. There are five figures and is numberedfrom 1 to 5. In the question set five figures areformed in a particular series you required . Tofind the answer figure from answer choices,which should be the sixth figure.

At first you should observe whether there isany change in the shape or number of elementsin the figures. Sometimes we can see that theelements in the figures move in a particular man-ner. Otherwise one of the elements will be re-placed by a new one. In some cases both thesechanges occur at the same time.Addition1.

Ans: (3). Here one + sign is added in A toobtain B and one + sign is added to B toobtain C. The process is repeated again toobtain D and E. Then one + sign is addedin E, we get the answer figure (3).

2.

Ans. (4). Two vertical bars are added in Aat a time to obtain B. Similarly, two verticallines are added in B, and we get C. Thentwo horizontal bars are added in C to ob-tain D and two horizontal bars are added inD to obtain E. Again two vertical bars areadded in E, we get the figure (4)as answer.Hence figure (4) continues the series.

3.

In order to obtain the same element, elimi-nate the figure (1) and (5). New elementsare increasing in the order 1, 2, 3, .............in each step. Six new elements shouldcome in the answer figure. So eliminate thefigures (2) and (3). So the answer is (4).

4.

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Here ‘s’ and ‘dots’ are added alternately.The elements increase in an order 1, 2, 3,........... in each step. Six dots should comein the answer figure. So the answer is (1).

5.

Hooks and dots are increasing alternately.So eliminate the figure (3) and (5). Numberof dots in the answer figure should be sameas in E. So eliminate the figure (1) and (2).So the answer is (4)

Deletion of elelments1.

The outer figure loses in each step. In thelast step the innermost figure remains inthe answer figure. So answer is (4).

2.

In the first step, one line is lost from the rightside. In the next step, one line is lost fromthe left side. The process continues. There-fore, the answer is (2).

3.

Here addition and deletion occurs simulta-neously. One dot increases and one linedecreases in each step. Then there shouldbe only dots in the answer figure. Thereforeeliminate the figures (1), (2) and (4). Dotsshould increases in each step. Hence elimi-nate the figure (3). So the answer is (5).

4.

Cross decreases by 2 in each step. Middlefigure will always be new. First you shouldobserve the new figure in middle. This isthe easiest method for solving this type ofquestions. By using this method we canselect the figures (1), (2) and (4). Againcross mark decreases by 2 from E in an-swer figure. We can eliminate the figures(1) and (2). So the answer is (4).

5.

At first observe the middle figure. The ‘?’should come at the middle of the answerfigure. Select the answer figures (1) and (3).Then note the number of crosses. Crossdecreases by one in each step. Eliminatethe figure (3). So answer is (1).

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

MovementAt first watch the direction of movement ofelement. The element moves either in clock-wise direction or in anticlockwise direction.

1.

Ans: (1). Here the ‘+’ sign moves anticlock-wise direction along the sides of the square.At first the sign moves 1 distance and thenit moves 1/2 distance. The process contin-ues. Hence answer fig. (1) continues theseries.

2.

In each step, the elements move in a par-ticular manner. In every step, the secondelement becomes the topmost element.The topmost element is placed at the bot-tom and the element at the bottom becomesthe second element. Hence figure (2) is theanswer.

3.

The dot and circle move half distance clock-wise direction. Hence the answer is (5).

4.

The element moves diagonally and gets in-verted in each step. Hence the answer is (2).

5.

‘x’ moves clockwise. Hence figure (5) can-not be the answer. The element at the south-east corner in A is shifted to north-westcorner in B. Then this element is replacedby a new one in C in the same position.Then this new element is moved to south-east corner in D. Again this element is re-placed by a new one in E in the same posi-tion. Finally, moved to the north- west cor-ner (1). Hence the figures (2) and (3) canbe ruled out. Similar treatment is done withthe element at the south-west corner in A.Hence figure (1) continues the series.

Rotation

Watch the direction of rotation of element whileobserving the rotation of elements. They moveeither in clockwise direction or in anticlockwisedirection. Then note, how much degree or bywhat distance they move. There are two typesof rotation. In the first kind the element is sta-ble while rotating. In the second is, the positionof element changes while rotating.

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

1.

Arrow rotates in clockwise direction. Itmoves 450 in each step. So the answer is (2).

2.

Here the ‘L’ shape figure rotates 900 anti-clockwise direction.There is the possibilityfor figure (3) or (5). Now consider the numberof dots. The number of dots are same in Aand B. Then one dot increased to obtain C.The dots remain same in C and D. Thenone dot is increased to obtain E. So figure(5) is eliminated. Hence the answer is (3).

3.

The element rotates 900 clockwise direc-tion. So eliminate the figures (1), (3) and(4). The element is shifted to the next cor-ner in CW direction in each step. So elimi-nate the figure (2). Hence answer is (5).

4.

Arrow moves in anticlockwise direction.After every two steps the arrow increasesby one and the arrowhead changes. So theanswer is (2)

5.

The cup shape element rotates 900 clock-wise direction and moves 1 place in CWdirection. The arrow moves diagonally.Therefore the answer is (4).

In some cases the positions of elementsinterchange along with the change in ele-ments. For example:-

1.

In A, the element at the south-west posi-tion is replaced by a new element as in Band the position of the other two elementsare interchanged. In B the element at thenorth-west position is replaced by a newelement as in C and the positons of othertwo elements are interchanged. Repeat thisprocess. Thus figure (5) continues the givenseries.

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

PRACTICE TEST

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31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

PRACTICE SET :ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS1. (5) . An extra line is added in each step in a

set pattern.2. (2) . In one step one line is added to the left

side and two lines are lost from the rightside. In the next step two lines are addedto the left side and one line is lost from theright side. These two steps are repeatedalternately.

3. (4) . Plus and dot sign moves 1½ sides ACWin alternate figures. So figures (2), (3) and(4) are ruled out. The arrow moves ACW1½ sides in even numbered figures and thearrow rotates 900 CW direction in each step.The figure (1) is ruled out.

4. (5) . The dotted bar moves 900 CW in eachstep. So figures (1), (2) and (4) are elimi-nated. The other bar (T-bar) moves ACW450, 900, 1350, 1800 respectively. So figure(3) is ruled out.

5. (2) . The element at the right end in eachfigure is moved to the left end in the nextfigure - after rotating 900 ACW. The figures(1), (3) and (5) are eliminated. A new ele-ment appeared at the right end in each step.So figure (4) is eliminated.

6. (4) . B is the mirror image of A. The nextfigure C is the water image of B. These twosteps are repeated alternately.

7. (3) . Half side of the traingle is removed inCW direction and the figure is rotated 900

ACW direction.8. (2) . One plus is added and a cross is lost

in each step. The plus and cross are shiftedto opposite corners in each step.

9. (5) . Addition of one unit in alternate figures.10. (1) . The smallest line at the bottom inter-

change its position with the other lines. Fi-nally it reaches the top and then it comesback to its initial position.

11. (5) . The shading portion moves anticlock-wise in each step. After every second stepan extra portion is added to it.

12. (5) The figure moves 450 and 2700 anticlock-wise alternately. The cross moves to theother side of the wave in each step.

13. (5) . A D : 900 CW rotation with line seg-ment converted into semicircle outside. B E : 900 CW rotation with line segmentconverted into semicircle inside. SimilarlyC as A D.

14. (3) . The arrow interchanges position withthe dot and the triangle interchanges posi-tion with the arc in first step. In the nextstep, the figure moves 450 ACW. This goeson alternately.

15. (5) . The dark leaf move 00, 450, 900, ...........ACW and CW alternately in each step anda white leaf is added to it.

16. (2) . Arc moves 450 CW direction and pinmoves 450 ACW direction.

17. (4) . The first and the second, the secondand the third and the first and the third sym-bols interchange positions in subsequentsteps. The arrow and the pin get laterallyinverted alternately.

18. (1) . In one step, the first and second sym-bols (counting in CW direction) interchangepositions and in the next step, the first andthe third symbols interchange positions. Thisgoes on alternately. The remaining Symbolmoves to the vacant portion and gets re-placed by a new symbol in each step.

19. (1) : Two units and three units are rotatedalternately. with respect to horizontal in or-der.

20. (4) : The lower left figure rotates 900 ACWand gets enlarged; the upper large figurerotates 900 ACW gets diminished, the thirdfigure is replaced by a new one and all thefigures then rotate one step CW.

21. (3) : The central figure is attached to thedouble bar and the single bar alternately inthe next. The single bar appears two timescontinuously with the same element. So, must appear with the single bar. Middleelement is a new one.

22. (2) : Central element is a new one in eachstep. The dot and circle move one side CWand ACW alternately.

23. (5) : See the movement of N and the linesegment attached to N. The arrow moveafter 900 ACW direction.

24. (3) : See the movement of the small ele-ments and addition of new elements in aset of pattern.

25. (1) : In even numbered figures, two identi-cal units are introduced eg:- bars, circles,etc.

26. (3) : The left side symbols interchange theirpositions with the right side symbols in eachstep. One of the right side symbols is re-placed by a new one in each time.

27. (4) : The ‘V’ shaped symbol rotates 900 CWin each step and moves upwards along thecentral vertical line and once it reaches thetopmost position, it comes to the lowermostposition in the next step. The hook-shapedarrow 900 ACW and moves the adjacent sidein CW in each step. Also the arc get invertedin each step. The third symbol changes po-sition from right to left and viceversa in everysecond step and changes from ‘o’ to ‘=’ to‘s’ to ‘o’.

28. (5) : The symbols move downwards alongthe diagonal and in each step the lowermostsymbol becomes the uppermost. The tri-angle gets inverted, the rectangle rotatesthrough 900 and the square rotates through450 in each step.

29. (1) : The rectangle should come on the in-ner figure. So the figures (2), (4) and (5) areruled out. Outer element is different in eachcase. So figure (3) ruled out.

30. (1) :‘s’ moves ACW first two steps, thenfour and then five steps. figure (5) is ruledout. With respect to ‘=’ and ‘×’ signs, figure(3) is ruled out. From B to answer figure,the new element appears in the beginningof row 2, in the end of row 3, in the begin-ning of row 1, in the end of row2 and in thebeginning of row 3 respectively. So figures(2) and (4) ruled out.

31. (3) : ‘=’ sign moves along the diagonal in aset order. figure (1) and (2) ruled out. Eachtime one new element appears. Figure (5)is ruled out. ie, an element once disap-peared, cannot reappears again. The ele-ments disappear from A E in the follow-ing order : SW, SE, NE, NW, SW. The newelements which replace these elementsappear from B to answer figure at the oppo-site corners diagonally.

32. (5) : With respect to the movement of cir-cle, figures (2) and (4) are ruled out. Withrespect to the movement of ‘=’ sign, figures(1) and (3) are ruled out.

33. (2) : Number of elements increase by onein successive figures, figure (1) is ruled out‘=’ sign moves two step ACW (A B and B C), 4 steps ACW (C D and D E), 6steps ACW (E answer figure) figures (3),(4) and (5) are ruled out.

34. (4) : Each element appears at the most threetimes in three consecutive figures.

35. (2) : The dot moves 450 CW and the trian-gle moves 450 ACW in each step. A newsymbol appears inside the circle in firstthree figures and then these figures reap-pear in a duplicated form.

36. (5) : The symbols move in the order in onestep and in the order in the next step. Thetwo steps are repeated alternately.

37. (5) : The symbols lie along one diagonal inone step; along the midline in the next-stepand along the other diagonal in the third step.In each step, the third and the fourth sym-bols from the top become the first and thesecond symbols respectively. The secondsymbol becomes the third and a new sym-bol appears at the fourth position.

38. (2) : If we label the four ‘s’ shaped symbolsas then their pattern of movement is:1 laterally inverted in first step and thenin alternate steps.

2 gets laterally inverted in every secondstep.3 rotates through 1800 in every third step.4 rotates through 1800 in first step andthen in every third step.The pin reverses its direction in every sec-ond step.

39. (1) : Problem figures are rotated 900 ACWeach time with circle and equal to sign in-ter changed. Figures (2), (4), and (5) areruled out. Three elements on the line seg-ment take their positions in cyclic order ascan be seen in the transformation A E,B answer figure (1).

40. (4) : The shaded portion of the south-westelement is shifted to other side (A B).Then shaded portion of the north- west ele-ment is shifted to other side (C D). Thenshaded portion of the north-west elementis shifted to other side. (E answer fig-ure).

41. (3) : The north-west element in each figurebecomes central element in the next. Fig-ure (5) is ruled out. The element in the mid-dle of the top row becomes north-west inthe next. Figures (1) and (4) are ruled out.The north-east element moves to oppositeside along the diagonal. Figure (2) is ruledout.

42. (5) : The small bar in the first unit in A ro-tates 1800 as the second unit in B. Simi-larly C D and E Answer figure. Figure(2) is ruled out. Figure (4) is ruled out withrespect. to P (A B, C D, E Answerfigure). Figure (1) is ruled out because thesemicircle moves from bottom to top andthen from top to bottom in a set order (A B, B C, and D E Answer figure). Thesmall bar in unit 1 moves in a set order alongthe vertical bar from A B C D E figure (5).

43. (1) : One element increases in each step.The elements are moved in a particularmanner. The element at the end becomesa new one and new element is added to itin each step.

44. (4) : The element at the north-west movesto the north-east in each step. Figures (1)and (5) are ruled out. New element is placedat south-east in each step. Figure (3) isruled out. The middle figure ‘N’ becomes ‘Z’in each step. So figure (2) is ruled out.

45. (5) : A B : : C D : : E (5)The unit at the north moves to the west.The unit at the west moves to the east. Theunit at the south is replaced by a new one.

46. (2) : A : B : : C : D : : E : (2)47. (2) : The first and the second elements in

each problem figure become second andthird elements in the next after 1350 CWrotation. The third element is replaced by anew and a different one.

48. (3) : A C E : Second and third ele-ments of the top row are interchanged. B D figure (3). First and second ele-ments of the bottom row are interchanged.

49. (1) : Number of shaded leaves increasesby one in alternate figures. Figures (3), (4)and (5) are ruled out. Half leaf away is to-wards the centre after being away from thecentre (when one leaf is added) in the previ-ous figure (see B C). Therefore E (1).

50. (2) : ‘’ moves in a set order. Figure (5) isruled out. With respect to the element ‘’,A : B is same as C : D is same as E :Answer figure. So figure (1) is ruled out. Thetop element in the first column in A disap-pears in B. Similarly, C D, E Answerfigure. (Figure (3) is ruled out). Each time ,one element is replaced by a new one inthe middle and the right position alternatelyof the bottom row. Therefore, ‘X’ being al-ready present in A. Figure (4) is ruled out.

There are various types of questions in series.They can be solved by the assumptions usedin type - 1

PRACTICE TEST

Direction (Qs 1-25): Each of the following ques-tions begin with an un-numbered figure followedby five figures numbered from 1 to 5 and thenagain an un-numbered figure on the extremeright. These seven figures together form a se-

ries which starts at the first un-numbered figureand ends at the last un-numbered figure. Oneof these figures does not fit into the series. Thenumber of that figure is the answer.

eg.

1 2 3 4 5

This is again a question on series. Here,the vertical and horizontal lines are beingdrawn in a set order to form squares. Thenumber of lines added are two, three, four,

six, and seven in figure (1), (2), (3), (4), (5)and the last unnumbered figure respectively.Note that in figure (4), only five lines should havebeen added. Hence figure (4) is the answer.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

6.

7.

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11.

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13.

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

23.

24.

25.

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS1. (1) : Three lines and two lines are added

alternately in a set pattern. So figure (1)contains one line less.

2. (4) : The arrow reverses its direction in onestep and move to the otherside of the cen-tral line in the next step. In figure (4) thedirection of the arrow should be opposite.

3. (5) : All elements in the figure shifted to thenext corner in CW direction and a new sym-bol appears on the top right corner. In figure(5), there should have a new figure in thetop right corner.

4. (4) :The arrow shifted to the next corner ina CW direction and the arrow rotates 900

CW in each step. In figure (4), the arrowshould rotate 900 CW.

5. (3) : The upper triangle rotates 900 ACW direc-tion in each step. The middle triangle laterallyinverted after every two steps. The lower trian-gle first rotates 450 ACW, then 900 CW andthen returns to its initial position. In figure (3),the upper triangle should be pointing downwards.

6. (3) : The arrow moves two steps CW direc-tion in each step. But in figure (3) the arrowshould be one step ahead.

7. (4) : The triangle moves two sides in CW direc-tion in each step. Also the triangle gets lightand dark alternately. In figure (4), the triangleshould be moves to the lower left corner.

8. (3) : One extra line is added to the figure ineach step and the resulting figure in eachstep rotates through 1800 and gets invertedalternately.

9. (1) In each step, the white figure becomesblack and moves to the other corner andthe black figure is replaced by a new whitefigure.

10. (2) : The arrow in the middle rotates 900

ACW.11. (4) : The figure rotates, 1350 ACW in first,

second, fourth, fifth, ........ step and 450 CWin third, sixth, .............. step. The arrowreverses its direction in every second step.

12. (4) : Three lines and two lines are addedalternately in a set pattern. But figure (4)has been obtained by adding four lines tofigure (3). It should thus have two lines less.

13. (2) : In each successive pair of frames, the sec-ond figures is the mirror image of the first one.So the figure (2) does not fit into the series.

14. (3) : In each step, the figure rotates 450 anti-clockwise and half a leaf is added in a clock-wise direction. In figure (3), however, the halfpart of a new leaf is added in an ACW direction.

15. (4) : In successive figures one of the dots isreplaced by a new element. Moreover thereplaced set of elements moves anticlock-wise through one position alternately

16. (5) : The ‘L’ shaped figure moves two stepsclockwise and each time the smaller linegoes to the other side of the longer line.But in figure (5) the figure should be at theupper left corner of the square.

17. (1) : The arrow moves clockwise and in eachstep it reverses its direction of the arrowmust be opposite to that shown.

18. (5) : In the series, first the lines connectingthe two ovals are changed to curved.

19. (3) : The arc gets inverted in each step andmoves along the line from the bottom to thetop position, from the top to the middle tothe bottom position. Thus in figure (3) thearc should be inverted.

20. (4) : The figure rotates 1800 in each step.21. (5) : The figure moves ACW to steps and

one step alternately and also gets rotated900 CW in each step. In figure (5), the fig-ure should face in the opposite direction.

22. (4) : The line along which the symbols berotates 450 ACW in each step. The lastsymbol becomes the first, the first one be-comes the second, the second one be-

comes the third and the third one comes tothe fourth position and is replaced by anewone. So , in figurure (4), the circle shouldbe replaced by a new one.

23. (3) : Two and one cups are added alternatelyin CW direction. In figure (3), there shouldbe one more cup.

24. (4) : All the symbols move to the adjacentcorner in an ACW direction and in everysecond step, the symbol that reaches theupper right corner gets replaced by a newone. In figure (4), the symbol ‘x’ should bereplaced by a new one. ie, triangle.

25. (3) : The triangle moves ACW and a line isadded on its either side alternately.

TYPE -2 : CHOOSING THE MISSING FIGURE IN A SERIES

In this type of questions, two sets of figuresare. The given first set will be the question setand it consists of five figures, labelled A, B, C,D, E. The second set is the answer set. Thereare five answer choices numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.However the figure at C is missing. The candi-date is required to choose this figure from thealternatives 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The number of se-lected figure is the answer.The easiest method for choosing the missingfigure is to observe the series from the first andlast figure.

1.

In eg: (1) The lines and dots decrease byone in each step. So the answer is (4).

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

2.

At first note the movement. The star movesone side ACW and the triangle moves oneside CW. So eliminate the figures (1) and(3). Note the rotation of triangle. Trianglemove 900 CW. So eliminate the figures (4)and (5). Hence answer is (2).

3.

In upper right corner of the square, appearsa new figure. The figure (3) can be elimi-nated. The element in the square rotates inan order. So figures (1), (2) and (4) are ruledout. Hence the answer is (5).

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

A B C D E

1 2 3 4 5

PRACTICE TEST1.

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ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS1. (3) : The step increases by 1 in each turn.2. (1) : One leaf is added in each step and the

figure is rotated 450 CW direction.3. (5) : The dot in the upper part increases by

one in each step. So the figures (1), (3) and(4) are ruled out. The dot in the lower partdecreases by one in each step. So elimi-nate the figure (2).

4. (2) : Three, four, five, .......... lines are addedin subsequent steps.

5. (3) : The three central figures move one steptowards left and the cross moves from cor-ner to corner in CW direction each time.

6. (4) : The inner small figure becomes theouter large and a new small figure appearsinside it in.

7. (5) : The squares in the upper left, lower leftand lower right corners rotate 900 CW while onein the upper right corner rotates 900 ACW.

8. (3) : The two pairs of symbols interchangepositions in one step and a new symbol isadded to each pair in the next step.

9. (5) : Arcs on the right side and left side ofstriaght line are inverted in alternate steps.

10. (2) : The symbols move ACW each timeand the symbol that reaches the left sideposition gets replaced by a new symbol.

11. (3) : One line is added inside the square in eachstep. One plus sign is removed each time andthe remaining plus signs are rotated 450.

12. (1) : Horizontal shading moves clockwiseand vertical shading moves anticlockwise.

13. (5) : The left side symbols interchange theirpositions with the right side symbols. Oneof the right side symbol is replaced by anew one in each time.

14. (2) : In each step. Also the symbol thatreaches the lower right position gets in-verted and the symbol that reaches theupper left position gets replaced by a newone in each step.

15. (4) : The figure rotates, 450, 900, 1350, 1800,.......... CW in each step.

16. (2) : The symbols move in an order in eachstep. The symbol in the lower right cornerdisappears and a new symbol appears inthe upper right corner.

17. (4): An arc is added inside the square inone step and it comes out of the squareand reverses its direction in the other step.

Also an arrow is added to the figure in onestep and it gets reversed.

18. (2) : The dot moves half side and one sideof the square alternately ACW and the sym-bols are added before and after the dot inalternate steps.

19. (1) : In each step the rightmost element be-comes the left most and the other elementsmove to the right. The element that reachesthe middle position rotates 900 CW whilethe third element gets replaced by a new one.

20. (5) : The outerfigure rotates 900 ACW inevery second step.

21. (3) : The arrow gets laterally inverted in everysecond step. The remaining part of the fig-ure rotates through 1800 in one step andgets inverted in alternate step. The com-plete figure moves to the adjacent cornerACW in each step.

22. (3) : The triangle changes its position in eachstep and gets inverted in all steps while the othersymbol at the end of the line changes its posi-tion and is replaced by a new one in each step.

23. (1) : The elements rotates 900 ACW afterevery two steps.

24. (2) : The number of dots increased by oneand the dots move in a set pattern.

25. (2) At first, the first, second and third trian-gles get rotated through 1800; next step, sec-ond, third and fourth triangles get rotated through1800; in the third step, third, fourth and fifth tri-angles get rotated through 1800 and so on.

26. (1) The element at the north-west moves tothe north - east in each step. New elementis placed at south-east in each step. Themiddle figure ‘s’ becomes ‘K’ in each step.

27. (2) : The elements rotate 900 ACW and a new‘L’ shaped element is introduced in the figure.

28. (1) : The first and last symbols interchangetheir positions in each step. A new symbolappears as the first symbol (counting in aCW direction) and all the symbols move half aside of the square boundary, in ACW direction.

29. (5) : Fourth element in first step, first ele-ment in second step, second element inthird step, ..............remains no change.Amongst the other elements, the smallerones are enlarged while the larger ones aremade smaller. The triangle gets rotated 1800

and the arc gets rotated through 1800.

30. (2) : The first unit in cloumn 1, the third unit incoloumn 1, the third unit in column 2, and thefirst unit in column 2 are removed respectively.

31. (4) : In each step the leftmost element becomesthe rightmost and all other element moves onestep to the left. The ‘J’ shaped element getslaterally inverted in each step; the elements withtriangle and arc at their end get inverted in eachstep and the arrow gets inverted and also thearrowhead reverses its direction in each step.

32. (3) : The shading portion in the upper leftand lower right rotate 900 CW and the shadingportion in the upper right and lower left rotates900 ACW in each step. Also the lower half of anew square gets shaded in each step.

33. (2) : In each step the symbols move in theorder. The triangle rotates900 CW in each step; the arrow rotates 900

CW and ACW alternately; the circle getsblack and white in alternate steps; the sym-bol that reaches the upperleft corner getsreplaced by a new symbol in each step.

34. (5) : The uppermost triangle rotates 900

ACW, 900 CW, 900 CW, 900 ACW 900

ACW................ in subsequent steps. Themiddle triangle rotates 900 ACW in everysecond step. The lowermost triangle getslaterally inverted in each step. The pin ro-tates 900 ACW and moves from one cornerto the next in CW direction in each step.

35. (4) : In one step, one straight line is added andtwo half leaves are removed from the figure andin the next step, two straight lines are intro-duced and three half leaves are removed fromthe figure. The two steps are repeated alternately.

36. (1) : The ‘L’ shaped figure rotates through900 CW each step and one extra L-shapedfigure is added in every two steps. The lowertwo symbols interchange positions and thesymbol that reaches the lower left cornergets replaced by a new one.

37. (1) : The upper part-of the figure changesfrom triangle to square and then to semi-circle and back to triangle and so on. The numberof lines in the upper part increases by one andtwo alternately. Also, the upper part gets later-ally inverted in each step. The arc attached atthe lower part of the figure, rotates through 1800

and gets inverted in alternate steps.38. (2) : Similar figure repeats in every third step

and each time a figure reappears, it getsinverted.

39. (3) : The elements move half distance CWand a new figure is added to it in each step.The first, third, fifth symbols rotate 900 CWin each step, while the second, forth, ..........symbols rotates 900 ACW in each step.

40. (4) : The lines move one step ACW in eachturn. Simultaneously the sign placed oppo-site to these lines move one step ACW and ineach turn the sign is replaced by a new one.

41. The first, second, third and fourth symbolsfrom the top become fourth, third, first andsecond symbols respectively. The ‘P’ shapedsymbol gets inverted and laterally invertedalternately. The arrow gets inverted and itsarrowhead also gets inverted in each step;the ‘L’ shaped symbol rotates through 1800

and gets inverted. The ‘U’ shaped elementrotates 900 CW in each step.

42. (4) : The first symbol (counting in ACW direc-tion) is shifted to the other end in each step.

43. (5) : The figure rotates 450 and 900 ACW alter-nately. Half a leaf is added to the figure.

44. (3) : In each step the symbols move in theorder.

45. (5) : In the first step, the element in thelower right corner is replaced by a new oneand all the other elements move CW. In thenext step, the element at the lower left cor-ner is replaced by a new one and the otherelements move CW.

46. (5) : The innermost element becomes theouter most and the outermost becomes themiddle while the innermost element re-placed by a new one.

47. (1) : The two upper symbols interchangetheir positions amongst themselves and thetwo lower symbols interchange their posi-tion amongst themeselves. The lowermostand the uppermost symbols are replacedby a new one alternately.

48. (1) : One eighth part of the circle is shadedACW in each step. The figure rotates 450

and 900 ACW alternately.49. (3) : The unshaded symbol moves to diago-

nally opposite corner and gets shaded whilethe shaded symbol gets replaced by a newunshaded symbol in each step.

50. (1) : In each step the existing straight lineis replaced by a square and an extra straightline is introduced.