“Banggaan sa daan, paano na si Juan? ” A Case Control Study on the Exposure Factors Leading to the Occurrence of Vehicular Accident-Related Injuries Agustin RD, Aranjuez KB, Magat JL, Maglaque JA, Ocampo TC, Parco MD, Regalado AJ, Serrano KF, Tan JT, Tanbonliong BH
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“Banggaan sa daan, paano na si Juan?” A Case Control Study on the Exposure Factors Leading to the Occurrence of Vehicular Accident-Related Injuries Agustin.
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“Banggaan sa daan, paano na si Juan?”A Case Control Study on the Exposure Factors Leading to the Occurrence of Vehicular Accident-Related Injuries
Parco MD, Regalado AJ, Serrano KF, Tan JT, Tanbonliong BH
Introduction
In many developing countries like the Philippines:1.Road traffic accidents were the most significant
cause of injuries, ranking eleventh among the most important causes of lost years of healthy life.
2. One hospital bed in ten is occupied by an accident victim. Traffic accidents are a major cause of severe injuries in most countries.
3. One study estimates that PhP 3.5 Million is lost per fatal road accident showing a clear picture of their economic effects.
4. Social cost or pain, grief, and suffering are valued at PhP 506,450 per fatal accident.
Estimation of socio-economic cost of road accidents in Metro Manila. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 6, pp. 3183 - 3198, 2005
-Driver Error•driving too fast•Inattentiveness•bad overtaking•driving too close•disobeying traffic signs/ lights•others
Positive for Vehicular Accident
Related Injury (VARIs)
Negative for Vehicular Accident
Related Injury (VARIs)
Vehicular Accident:
Statement of the Problem
Are there certain factors that lead to the acquisition of vehicular accident related injuries (VARIs)?
If so, what are these exposure factors?
Hypothesis
If the driver is exposed to specific kinds of environmental, vehicular or driver factors prior to the accident then there is an increased odds of acquiring VARIs.
Research Objectives
1. Identify exposures involved with the occurrence of VARIs.
2. Identify the prevalence of each exposure.3. Identify the strength of association
between VARIs and each exposure (via Odds Ratio Analysis).
4. Rank each exposure according to degree of prevalence.
5. Rank each exposure according to strength of association with VARIs (via Odds Ratio).
Significance of the Study
• To help concerned authorities formulate necessary interventions which would help decrease the economic cost of accidents and possibly improve the future quality of life of drivers, commuters and private vehicle owners.
METHODS
Case Control Study
Occurrence of a Vehicular Accident
Positive for VARIs
Negative for VARIs
Identify the exposure/s suspected of causing VARIs
oMotorcycleRisk Factor (97 Times)Had the most number of cases among the vehicle typesHigher rate of fatal accidentsLess stable than a 4-wheeled automobile
oProtective factors:CarBusVanTruck
DiscussionHuman Error and VARIs
o Driving too FastAs seen in the literature, this is also the human error that is most associated with the risk of VARIsLiterature cited that in Metro Manila, overspeeding is the top cause of vehicular accidents (Bonabente, 2006, Libres, 2008). Ex. In EDSA, public utility vehicles keep on competing for passengers
Discussion Human Error and VARIs
oInattentivenessAlso reported in the literature as a major cause of accidents One reason why it can cause VARIs is that, as the literature shows, when one is inattentive, it is usually brings about another human error (ex. overspeeding) (Bonabente, 2006)
DiscussionHuman Error and VARIs
oNoneProtective factor
DiscussionAmbient Light and VARIs
oDaylightProtective factor As what the literature reports, dimly-lit roads are more prone to accidents. (Tandoc, 2007)
oNight (lit) Risk Factor People are confident about lit areas and take less precaution
DiscussionSurface Condition and VARIs
oNo significant resultsoDry
Suppose to assume that it is safer because the road is not slippery, and yet, majority of the reports were in dry roads
Discussion Surface Condition and VARIsoWet
Expected to be a risk factorPeople take more precautionLesser traffic enforcers to report
Perhaps, there are other factors that are more associated with the risk of VARIs.
In the literature, they looked at fog and smoke as major environmental factors
Other notable findings
Based on descriptive statistics:o On the month where most vehicular accidents occur—can be correlated with volume
Literature shows that number of accidents is more common in areas with the greatest volume of cars
o Commonwealth has more accidents with VARIs than EDSA
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion Exposure Protective/Injuring
Motorcycle InjuringInattentive (human error) InjuringDriving too fast (human