“ “ Ballmer Unbound” Ballmer Unbound” Unwieldy, over-centralized co that flew Unwieldy, over-centralized co that flew by seat of Gates’ pants broken into by seat of Gates’ pants broken into seven operating divisions to push seven operating divisions to push decision-making and accountability out decision-making and accountability out into org into org Structure simultaneously gives divisions Structure simultaneously gives divisions enough autonomy to manage themselves yet enough autonomy to manage themselves yet makes it easier for them to cooperate and makes it easier for them to cooperate and integrate technology integrate technology Matrix-like approach: “Integrated Innovation” Matrix-like approach: “Integrated Innovation” Involves both defining who’s responsible for Involves both defining who’s responsible for individual technology issues and structuring individual technology issues and structuring divisions to be strictly parallel, so that divisions to be strictly parallel, so that developers in each group have exact counterparts in developers in each group have exact counterparts in other groups, with whom they are expected to stay other groups, with whom they are expected to stay in touch in touch Objectives include giving product groups Objectives include giving product groups stronger voice in marketing and sales stronger voice in marketing and sales (which had been centralized) (which had been centralized)