Ballarat Geology
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The Stone Age didn’t end because we ran out of stones.– Stephen Jeffers, GM, CGT
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http://www.liongoldcorp.com/
15 Feb, 2018The Gekko story: Innovation in mineral processing.- Roger Jackman, Business Development Manager, Gekko.
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23 or 24 Jan, 6:30. AusIMM. Is Diamond Drilling the best guide to grade, Bendigo.27 Jan. AusIMM. Christmas that was. Lunch in the vineyards, Guilford.9 Feb, 5:30pm. Geopub. networking, Melbourne.13 Feb, 2:00. GPIC. Fosterville tour, Bendigo.22 Feb, 6:15. GSA Victoria. monthly presentation, Melbourne.25 Feb GPIC. History and geology tours, Bendigo.
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The Stone age didn’t end because we ran out of stones – Ballarat Gold
Stephen Jeffers
General Manager, CGT
Page 6
Castlemaine Goldfields Pty Ltd
Disclaimer & Disclosure
Page 7
The presentation (in this projected form and as presented) (“Presentation”) has been prepared by Castlemaine Goldfields Pty Ltd (the “Company”) and is provided on the basis that none of the Company nor its
respective officers, shareholders, related bodies corporate, partners, affiliates, employees, representatives and advisers make any representation or warranty (express or implied) as to the accuracy, reliability,
relevance or completeness of the material contained in the Presentation and nothing contained in the Presentation is, or may be relied upon as a promise, representation or warranty, whether as to the past or
the future. The Company hereby excludes all warranties that can be excluded by law.
The Presentation contains prospective financial material which is predictive in nature and may be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties and may differ materially
from results ultimately achieved.
The Presentation contains ”forward-looking statements” regarding future events, conditions, circumstances and the future performance of the Company, including for operating costs and capital expenditures,
production volumes, project capacity, project expansion and schedule for expected production. All statements other than those of historical facts included in the Presentation are forward-looking statements.
Where the Company expresses or implies an expectation or belief as to future events or results, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis. However, forward-
looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, projected or implied by such forward-looking
statements. Such risks include, but are not limited to, gold and other metals price volatility, currency fluctuations, increased production costs and variances in ore grade or recovery rates from those assumed
in mining plans, as well as political and operational risks and governmental regulation and judicial outcomes. The Company does not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to any “forward-
looking statement”.
The Presentation contains general background information about the Company and its activities current as at the date of this presentation. The information in this Presentation is in summary form only and
does not contain all the information necessary to fully evaluate any transaction or investment. It should be read in conjunction with the Company’s other periodic and continuous disclosure announcements
lodged with the SGX, which are available at www.liongoldcorp.com and other publicly available information on the Company available through LionGold Corp.
The Presentation contains information about LionGold Corp, extracted from information contained on their website at www.liongoldcorp.com. That information has not been independently verified by the
Company. Accordingly, the Company does not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of such information.
This Presentation is not a prospectus, disclosure document or other offering document. It is for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any
security of the Company in any jurisdiction, and does not form the basis of any contract or commitment. All persons should consider seeking appropriate professional advice in reviewing the Presentation and
the Company.
The information in this document which relates to Exploration Targets and Mineral Resources is based on information reviewed by Mr Bill Reid. Mr Reid is an employee of Castlemaine Goldfields Pty Ltd. He is a
Member of The AusIMM and is a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (the JORC Code)’. Mr Reid
consents to the publication of this information in the form and context in which it appears.
The project planning, mining schedule and any resources referred to in this presentation, other than those explicitly identified as Mineral Resources in accordance with the JORC Code, are not based on
estimations of Ore Reserves or Mineral Resources made in accordance with the JORC Code for the Ballarat East goldfield and caution should be exercised in any external technical or economic evaluation.
Considering the style of mineralisation, and particularly the uncertainty of gold grade continuity, Mineral Resource estimates of higher confidence than the Inferred Resource classification will only be possible
once mining has accessed the Lower Llanberris and Britannia gold mineralisation to gain further geological and grade information. The wide spaced drilling in the Britannia mineralisation is not currently
sufficient to produce a Mineral Resource estimation. CGT emphasises that no Ore Reserve currently exists and cannot be estimated until drilling results can be correlated with bulk tonnage mining outcomes.
• Historic – Capital, Pumping, People.
– Capital competition (eg. Broken Hill (1883), Kalgoorlie (1893)).
– Pumping requirements gradually overwhelmed surviving mines as surrounding mines progressively closed.
– WWI (investment, people)
• More recently – Focus
– ‘30’s to ‘70’s Gold price.
– 80’s Australian pre-occupation with surface mining
– Reporting codes are not kind to Ballarat ores.
Page 8
Beam pump (Sovereign Hill) - 22,700 l/hr.
The Stone Age analogy and what Ballarat ran out of…
Mono E106 positive displacement pump 72,000 l/hr
Ballarat Goldfields ‘83-’07Consolidated tenements Exploration and Float ’83-85 Planning and Permits‘95-05 Infrastructure devt.First gold 2005 Comm. Games~100 Staff
Lihir Gold ‘07-10~$250M InfrastructureProduced 28k oz~300+ Staff
Ballarat History
Castlemaine Goldfields ‘10-12C&M & Exploration, commenced mining 2010First production Sept 2011Produced ~40,000 oz~120 Staff
LionGold 2012-presSole shareholder CGTAveraging 40k oz p.a.2016 Passed 6t of gold200 staff and contractors
‘83-’94 ‘05 ‘07 ‘09 ’10 ’12 ’18
• Historical production of at least 408t (13Moz) of alluvial and reef gold - concluded at the outbreak of WWI
• 3.03 Moz Au of reef gold mined (1.6Moz Au from Ballarat East)
• 240 kOz Au mined by CGT since 2011.
Castlemaine GoldfieldsBendigo Zone
+ 64Moz
Page 10
22Moz Au
12Moz Au
CGT tenements
Fostervill
e 1.2Moz
Au
A summary of CGT and its projects.
Raydarra (Catalyst JV)
Tarnagulla
Ballarat
Berringa
Mine Footprint
• 2 Mining Licences, MN4847, MN5396
• Exploration Licence EL3018
• Key Surface Infrastructure
• Golden point shaft
• Elsworth St Substation
• Woolshed Gully Mine site
• 7,812 residences and businesses
within 1km of surface and
underground footprint
• Building densities make surface work
challenging (but not impossible)
throughout central Ballarat
Page 11Building density (surface access)Mine footprint and map
You are
here
Buninyong
Ballarat
Ballarat Terminology.
Page 12Ballarat East Schematic
• Fault – west-dipping thrust fault.
• Lines – where thrusts intersect
prospective geology – often the
overturned east limb of folds.
• Compartment – blocks of similar
‘tenor’ mineralisation domained by
late, oblique crosscourse faults
• 9 major thrust faults
• 3 major lines (and 3 more proximal
lines)
• 8 targeted compartments.
• Lines continue to the south.
Mineralisation Model.
Page 13
Ballarat East Mineralisation Schematic
• Mineralisation model at Ballarat Mine
focuses on intersections of West-
dipping thrusts and steep-dipping east
limbs of folds (frequently overturned).
• Mineralisation occurs as west-dipping,
and associated lesser east-dipping or
vertical lodes proximal to fault-fold
intersections.
• The model predicts location (but not
necessarily grades) of mineralisation.
• Grade continuity complicates
resources
Mineralisation.
Page 14
Ballarat East Mineralisation Schematic
• West-dipping, thrust-hosted, quartz vein
mineralisation -cross-cuts geology
• ~70% of production ounces.
• Historic ‘leatherjacket’ mineralisation
1m
Mineralisation.
Page 15
Ballarat East Mineralisation Schematic
• ‘East dipper’ tension array
mineralisation .
• ~20% of production ounces.
1m
Mineralisation.
Page 16
Ballarat East Mineralisation Schematic
• ‘Hinge’ mineralisation .
• ~10% of production ounces.
• Axial plane-controlled mineralisation,
partially hosted by west-limb geology
1m
Mineralisation.
Page 17
Ballarat East Mineralisation Schematic
• Indicator mineralisation.
• ~0% of production ounces.
• Subtle, narrow lithologies targeted by
historic mining to produce 11% of
historic mining ounces.
• Ambiguous term, subject to clarification.
Indicator specimen from Museum Victoria
Mineralisation.
Page 18
Ballarat East Mineralisation Schematic
• West-limb mineralisation.
• ~minor% of production ounces.
• Bedding-parallel, high grade, narrow
veins
• Represents ~50% of historic mining at
Ballarat West – less developed at
Ballarat East.
1m
In-Mine Targets
Page 19
• Year-on-year, mine geology essentially
maintains the Mineral Resource in front of
mining.
• The exploration model is robust.
• Current mineralisation inventory includes:• 30+ conceptual Targets
• 8 exploration Targets
• 6 exploration Definition Targets
• 7 Resource Definition Targets
• 7 Remnant Targets
Britannia
Compartment
In-Mine Targets
Page 20
• Year-on-year, mine geology essentially
maintains the Mineral Resource in front of
mining.
• The exploration model is robust.
• Current mineralisation inventory includes:• 30+ conceptual Targets
• 8 exploration Targets
• 6 exploration Definition Targets
• 7 Resource Definition Targets
• 7 Remnant Targets
Llanberris
Compartment
In-Mine Targets
Page 21
• Year-on-year, mine geology essentially
maintains the Mineral Resource in front of
mining.
• The exploration model is robust.
• Current mineralisation inventory includes:• 30+ conceptual Targets
• 8 exploration Targets
• 6 exploration Definition Targets
• 7 Resource Definition Targets
• 7 Remnant Targets
Golden Point
Compartment
In-Mine Targets
Page 22
• Year-on-year, mine geology essentially
maintains the Mineral Resource in front of
mining.
• The exploration model is robust.
• Current mineralisation inventory includes:• 30+ conceptual Targets
• 8 exploration Targets
• 6 exploration Definition Targets
• 7 Resource Definition Targets
• 7 Remnant Targets
Canton
Compartment
In-Mine Targets
Page 23
• Year-on-year, mine geology essentially
maintains the Mineral Resource in front of
mining.
• The exploration model is robust.
• Current mineralisation inventory includes:• 30+ conceptual Targets
• 8 exploration Targets
• 6 exploration Definition Targets
• 7 Resource Definition Targets
• 7 Remnant Targets
Sovereign
Compartment
In-Mine Targets
Page 24
• Year-on-year, mine geology essentially
maintains the Mineral Resource in front of
mining.
• The exploration model is robust.
• Current mineralisation inventory includes:• 30+ conceptual Targets
• 8 exploration Targets
• 6 exploration Definition Targets
• 7 Resource Definition Targets
• 7 Remnant Targets
Normanby
Compartment
In-Mine Targets
Page 25
• Year-on-year, mine geology essentially
maintains the Mineral Resource in front of
mining.
• The exploration model is robust.
• Current mineralisation inventory includes:• 30+ conceptual Targets
• 8 exploration Targets
• 6 exploration Definition Targets
• 7 Resource Definition Targets
• 7 Remnant Targets
Prince
Compartment
Mineral Resource (31 March 2017).
Page 26
CategoryMineral
type
Gross attributable to
licence
Net attributable to issuer
Contained
gold
(koz Au)Tonnes
(kt)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Tonnes
(kt)Grade (g/t Au)
Change in ounces
Increase %/(Decrease
%)
Indicated
ResourcesGold 21.6 17.4 21.6 17.4 8 12.1
Inferred
ResourcesGold 371.9 8.4 371.9 8.4 19.2 118.5
Total Resources Gold 391 8.8 391 10.3 18.1 130.6
Mineral Resources which are not Ore
Reserves do not have demonstrated
economic viability. Tonnage is reported in
metric tonnes (t), grade as grams per tonne
(g/t Au) at a 0 g/t Au cut-off grade and
contained gold in troy ounces (oz Au).
Tonnages rounded to the nearest 500t.
Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of
Ore Reserves.
Page 27
Ballarat Gold Mine – Development, Resources and Targets
• 42 km of total development - 19.1km since Mar ‘11.
• 4.5km surface length
• Deepest point 760m – Llanberris Compartment
6
.7
.
6. Normanby Mako
7. Victoria Mako
Page 28
Mining
• Conventional drill and blast with
twin boom jumbos.
• Longhole open stoping on c.20m
levels with cemented rockfill
• Underground mining fleet –
5 loaders, 5 trucks, 2 jumbos
• 20-25kt ore mined per month
• Development advance rates are
c. 320m per monthLonghole open stoping
Sandvik TH540 Ejector Dump TruckTamrock Twin Boom Jumbo
Page 29
Processing - Ballarat Mill.
Looking southwest
Processing – Basic Flowsheet
Crush & Screen Gravity TailingsFlotation
Ball Mill (future)
Free Gold Sulphides
Leaching Detoxification
250 KTPA
70% of production
30% of production
Nameplate capacity: 600 KTPA
Typical Monthly Gold Deportment
20%
10%
0%
Page 31Interpreted fold and fault geometry, Ballarat
Regional Exploration Potential.
• Fold and fault intersections
and historic mining indicate
multiple repeats of structures
• Under-tested throughout
Ballarat
Page 32
Mineral Resource
393kt at 10.4 g/t Au for 140koz Au (Mar 2017)
In-Mine Exploration Potential (~50 targets)
3.55Mt for 0.84Moz Au (7.35g/t Au).
Near-Mine Target Potential (~40 Targets):
2.2 Moz to 6.2 Moz Au, (10.2 - 23.7 Mt and 5.9 g/t
Au-9.3 g/t Au).
NB. Exploration Potential
will not necessarily deliver a
Mineral Resource. Additional
testing is required.
Ballarat Potential
Simulated Tonnes (t) Simulated Grade (g/t Au) Simulated Ounces (Oz Au)
Simulation based on all available data (25,000 repeats of simulation)
• Historic 5.3Moz Au at ~11.5g/t Au (Hardrock only).
• 8,000 drill holes - only 752 deeper than 100m
• 3,686 historic hard rock mines
• 34% of the region is ‘outcropping’ (~50% of Oz)
• In covered areas, 75% of Oz within 1km of outcrop
• 49% of ground held by tenement
• 250kt spare capacity at Ballarat
Page 33
<<- 50km around
Ballarat – Blue is
outcrop, yellow is
cover
->> 50km radius around
Kalgoorlie WA showing
tenement coverage.
Regional Ballarat (50km) – Deliciously Underdone.
Ballarat Kalgoorlie
1. Continued development, Ballarat East
2. Ball Mill
3. Near Mine Targets (Ballarat Sth, Oregon, Exchange)
4. ‘Island hop’ through Ballarat Gap
5. Ballarat West
6. …and beyond.
Page 34
The future
• Historic – Capital, Infrastructure, People.
– Capital competition (eg. Broken Hill (1886), Kalgoorlie (1893)).
– WWI (investment, people)
– Pumping requirements gradually overwhelmed surviving mines as surrounding mines progressively closed.
• More recently – Focus
– ‘30’s to ‘70’s Gold price.
– 80’s Australian pre-occupation with surface mining
Page 35
Beam pump (Sovereign Hill) - 22,700 l/hr.
The Stone Age analogy and what Ballarat ran out of…
Mono E106 positive displacement pump 72,000 l/hr
• Today – Potential – and lots of it
– There is still plenty of gold under Ballarat
– Gold prices are rising
– Investor interest in Victoria is rising (dips lid to Fosterville)
– There’s more than enough metal to make gold mining in Ballarat great again.
Page 36
The Stone Age analogy leaves us with…
It is difficult to find a once-successful mine on the field
that shut because gold potential was exhausted.
The ‘Stone Ages’ difficulties throughout the sites history
re-present themselves now as opportunity.